278例胸腔积液患者行胸腔镜手术后的观察与护理

胸腔积液的病因最多见为结核和肿瘤引起,胸水细胞学检查和针刺胸膜活检一直是诊断胸腔积液的主要手段,但阳性率很低.我科对278例原因不明的胸腔积液患者,在局麻下行胸腔镜手术,在胸腔镜下取活检,且无严重并发症发生,取得满意效果.     

32例血性胸腔积液病因的分析

３２例血性胸腔积液病因的分析赵昆，杨柏林，张咸军近年来胸腔积液中癌性比例逐年增加，而癌性胸腔积液又多为血性。为及时确诊血性胸水的病因，现将我科自９０年１月至９４年１１月收治的３２例血性胸腔积液患者的临床症状，胸水性质及病理检查结果分析如下：１一般资料...     

胆固醇性胸膜腔积液的X线特征（附6例报告并文献复习）

目的探讨胆固醇性胸腔积液的X线特征及诊断要点。方法回顾性分析经检查胸水证实为胆固醇性胸腔积液6例患者的X线胸片。结果6例均为左侧大量胸腔积液,压片检查均见典型胆固醇结晶。4例X胸片上可见胸膜呈蛋壳样钙化。1例手术见脏壁层胸膜均有钙化。结论胸膜表面蛋壳样钙化是本病的X线特征。确诊需做胸水检验。     

纤支镜替代胸腔镜对诊断原因不明胸水的价值

目的：探讨纤维支气管镜代替胸腔镜对原因不明胸腔积液（胸水）病因的诊断价值。方法：在局麻下用纤支镜行开放式胸腔检查术，可全面检查胸膜腔和肺，并取活检。结果：25例病因诊断不明的胸水中，23例确诊，确诊率为92%。其中胸膜间皮瘤2例，肺癌胸膜转移16例，乳腺癌胸膜转移3例，胸膜结核2例。结论：局麻下用纤支镜代替胸腔镜检查创伤小，诊断率高，操作简便、安全，并发症少，值得临床推广应用。     

胸腔积液的18F-FDGPET/CT病因诊断

目的:不明原因胸腔积液病因的诊断是临床治疗的前提,本研究探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET/CT显像在病因诊断中的价值.方法:对43例原冈未明的胸腔积液患者行18F-FDG PET/CT全身显像.结合PET和CT图像进行综合判断,PET结果的判断采用目测法和标准摄取值(SUV)测定.结果:恶性胸腔积液26例,良性17例(结核性7例,炎性6例,心源性4例).26例恶性者中,21例PET/CT检出原发病灶,5例未找到原发病灶;6例炎性者PET/CT诊断明确;7例结核性中5例经PET/CT检查诊断明确,另2例误诊为恶性;心源性4例PET/CT检查阴性.18F-FDG PET/CT对不明原因胸腔积液病因诊断的灵敏度80.8%(21/26),特异性为88.2%(15/17),阳性预测值为91.3%(21/23),阴性预测值为75.0%(15/20).结论:18F-FDG PET/CT可用于不明原因胸腔积液的病因诊断,并有较高的诊断准确率.     

52例双侧胸腔积液临床分析

目的双侧胸腔积液在临床上较为常见，以结核性、癌性胸腔转移为常见病因。肺吸虫、心衰及肝硬化等疾病亦可引起。故以双侧胸腔积液就诊患者中，鉴别胸水的性质及早诊断治疗尤为重要。我所从2000年1月-2005年12月收治的双侧胸腔积液患者中52例。现结合临床分析如下。     

腺苷脱氨酶检测在胸腔积液诊断中的临床意义

目的：探讨胸水腺苷脱氨酶测定对结核性胸膜炎的诊断意义和应用价值。方法：对82例已确诊的胸腔积液患者的腺苷脱氨酶化验结果进行回顾性分析,其中确诊为结核感染者52例,确诊为癌性胸水者30例。结果：结核性胸腔积液患者胸水腺苷脱氨酶活性明显偏高,与癌性胸腔积液相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：胸水腺苷脱氨酶检测对结核性胸膜炎诊断有肯定的临床意义。     

112例胸腔积液病因分析

胸腔积液在临床上是一种常见病症,有多种病因引起,故其病因对临床诊断及治疗非常重要。回顾我院2008年至今共收治的112例胸腔积液患者,对其病因进行分析总结,现报道如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料:本组112例均为住院患者,其中男性75例,女性37例,年龄在20-96岁,平均年龄56岁。单侧胸腔积液85例,双侧胸腔积液27例,     

胸腔积液是何因?

编辑同志:我前段时间因胸闷到医院检查,医生说我患了胸腔积液。请问,哪些原因可引起胸腔积液?53678部队刘国军刘国军同志:胸腔积液是常见的呼吸系统疾病。要治好胸腔积液,首先要找出其病因,以便对症下药。临床资料表明,胸腔积液的病因主要有:结核一般说来,青年人出现胸腔积液,大约90%以上是由结核杆菌引起变态反应性胸腔渗液所致。这种病治疗起来比较容易,抽几次胸液,配合应用抗结核药物,如链霉素、异烟肼、利福平、乙胺丁醇,还可服用糖皮质激素,3周左右大多数病人的胸液可明显吸收。如能继续巩固治疗1年,可使疾病痊愈。癌肿多见于肺癌的胸…     

胸膜活检术在胸腔积液中的诊断价值+

目的:观察胸膜活检术在胸腔积液诊断中的价值.方法:对135例胸腔积液患者行胸膜活检,同时取胸水及痰送检抗酸杆菌及癌细胞.结果:135例胸膜活检第一次活检成功率96.3％,特异性病理诊断92例,病理诊断阳性率68.1％.恶性胸腔积液胸膜活检阳性率65.3％,胸水细胞学检查阳性率13.3％,痰找癌细胞阳性率6.7％.结核性...     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.