两孔全胸腔镜老年肺部疾病手术48例临床分析

目的：探讨两孔全胸腔镜手术在老年肺部疾病治疗中应用的可行性及临床价值。方法2009年10月～2013年12月,采用两孔全胸腔镜手术治疗48例60岁以上老年患者,其中肺叶切除术6例,肺楔形切除术22例,肺大疱切除及胸膜固定术20例。结果45例两孔完成手术,1例中转开胸手术,2例改为三孔手术。手术时间20～180 min,（52．6±33．8）min。术中出血量10～250 ml,（75．3±52．9）ml。术后胸腔引流时间5～14 d,（7．2±3．2）d。术后住院时间8～16 d,（10．4±3．8）d。术后肺持续漏气6例,肺不张2例,肺部感染3例,心律失常5例,余患者术后恢复顺利。结论对老年患者行两孔全胸腔镜手术诊治胸部疾病在技术上是安全、可行的,具有创伤小、恢复快等优点。     

单操作孔电视胸腔镜手术治疗肺部疾病158例临床分析

目的探讨单操作孔电视胸腔镜手术(single-port VATS)治疗肺部疾病的手术操作方法和临床应用价值。方法 2008年1月至2010年6月四川大学华西医院胸外科采用单操作孔电视胸腔镜手术治疗肺部疾病158例。病种包括:气胸67例、肺良性结节(炎性假瘤、错构瘤和硬化性血管瘤)39例、结核球44例、肺癌8例。70例术前明确诊断,其余均经术中冰冻及术后病理诊断确诊。切口均为1个操作孔和一个观察孔,术后均采用单根28号引流管。手术行病变局部切除151例,单肺叶切除7例;同期双侧手术6例。结果局部切除患者平均手术时间18(5～60)min,平均出血量33(5～95)ml,无术中输血;术中增加切口10例,其中6例为胸膜腔闭锁或粘连严重,4例术中出血;术后平均住院时间2.5(2～4)d,平均住院费用17 884(15 476～25 387)元。单肺叶切除(包括淋巴结清扫)患者平均手术时间128(50～220)min,平均出血量180(80～478)ml,术中未输血;术中增加切口1例;平均住院费用42 385(38 965～57 695)元,平均术后住院时间4.7(4～7)d。全组患者无围手术期死亡和重大并发症。结论单操作孔电视胸腔镜手术治疗肺部疾病安全、可靠,可作为适合患者的手术方式。     

全电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术在肺部疾病治疗中的应用

目的总结全电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗肺部疾病的临床经验,探讨手术的安全性、适应证和有效性。方法回顾性分析2008年10月至2010年11月云南省第一人民医院47例肺部疾病患者行全胸腔镜肺叶切除术的临床资料,其中男35例,女12例;年龄30～72岁,平均年龄61.5岁;肺腺癌27例,肺鳞癌9例,肺小细胞癌1例;肺结核3例,支气管扩张症3例,肺炎性假瘤2例,肺错构瘤1例,巨大肺大泡1例。所有患者均在全电视胸腔镜下行肺叶切除术。手术通过3个胸部微创切口,不撑开肋骨,在胸腔镜监视下,完成解剖性肺叶切除;恶性肿瘤患者同时行淋巴结清扫。观察术中出血量、手术时间、中转开胸率、术后住院时间和并发症发生情况等。结果 44例手术获得成功,3例中转开胸,其中1例因术中出血,1例为T3期肺肿瘤,另1例因误伤左主支气管,中转开胸率为6.4%（3/47）。手术时间120±45min,出血量150±80ml,术后住院时间7±2d。围术期无死亡,发生并发症9例,包括淋巴瘘、肺漏气、心房颤动和肺不张等,均经相应的处理治愈。随访44例,随访时间1～23个月,失访3例。随访期间1例原发性肺癌患者出现痰中带血,后自愈;1例Ⅲa期肺癌患者术后9个月发生脑转移,给予伽马刀治疗健在。其余患者疾病无复发,生活质量良好。结论对早期肺癌和需行外科手术治疗的肺良性病变患者行全电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术是安全、可行的,在学习手术的早期阶段,应严格掌握手术适应证     

全胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗肺部疾病

目的探讨全电视胸腔镜（VATS）下肺叶切除治疗肺部疾病的可行性、近期疗效，总结围手术期处理经验。方法回顾分析我科2006年3月至2007年11月，采用不撑开肋骨、完全在电视胸腔镜下完成肺叶切除56例，其中施行右肺上叶切除12例，右肺中叶3例，右肺下叶15例；左肺上叶9例，左肺下叶14例；双肺叶3例（右肺中上叶1例、中下叶2例）；恶性肿瘤患者同期行纵隔及肺门淋巴结清扫。结果全组56例患者中52例（92．8％）在全胸腔镜下顺利完成肺叶切除及淋巴结清扫，手术时间45～168min（107±29min）；术中失血量50～310ml（121±32m1）；2例（3．6％）延长手术切口至8cm左右，在电视胸腔镜辅助下完成手术；2例（3．6％）因肺门解剖困难需行全肺切除或术中出血而中转为开胸手术。术后病理诊断为肺癌39例，结核瘤7例，炎性假瘤4例，硬化性血管瘤4例，支气管扩张1例，转移性软骨肉瘤1例。无手术死亡。术后发生中叶肺不张1例，经纤维支气管镜吸痰后痊愈；肺轻度漏气2例，未经治疗均于3d内痊愈。术后住院时间8～14d（8．9±3．1d）。结论全胸腔镜下肺叶切除治疗肺部疾病更加微创，且手术安全可行，术后并发症少、恢复快。     

婴幼儿电视胸腔镜手术

目的：探讨电视胸腔镜手术（ＶＡＴＳ）在婴幼儿胸部疾病诊断和治疗中的价值,方法：对１０例平均年龄１．８岁,平均体重９．７kg的婴幼儿施行了ＶＡＴＳ,包括脓胸清除４例,纵隔肿瘤摘除,先天性肺囊肿切除和先天性膈疝修补各２例,占同期ＶＡＴＳ总数的３．１％。结果：全组平均手术时间６８min.平均留置胸管２．０d,术后平均住院７．５d,其中１例膈疝术后第１０d ld 因左肺发育不良,左肺不张死于呼吸衰竭,结论：婴幼儿ＶＡＴＳ安全,可行,发展前明良好。     

电视胸腔镜手术的并发症

20世纪90年代以来,电视胸腔镜手术(video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, VATS)在全球范围内获得广泛应用.虽然器械设备和手术技术方面都取得很大进步,但目前VATS仍不能完全替代开胸手术,只能在部分患者中有选择性地应用.此外,VATS虽处于微创外科范畴,其适应证和并发症一直是胸外科领域争论的话题.国内王正,曲家骐等[1,2]大样本胸腔镜手术的回顾性研究中,手术并发症发生率4.7%～9.1%,并证明胸腔镜手术的并发症与患者自身条件及适应证的选择直接相关,因此,减少胸腔镜手术并发症的最佳方法可能是适应证的选择.     

全胸腔镜下肺楔形切除术治疗肺部疾病的临床分析

目的探讨全胸腔镜下肺楔形切除术治疗肺部疾病的临床疗效。方法全胸腔镜下肺楔形切除术患者31例为观察组,全胸腔镜下肺叶切除术患者31例为对照组。比较两组的手术术式、术后并发症及生存时间。结果观察组手术时间(148.26±30.92)min,术中出血量(127.65±19.47)ml,均显著少于对照组;观察组术后胸腔引流管留置时间(4.72±2.59)d,总引流量(1052.26±46.14)ml,术口Logas疼痛评分(5.18±1.72)分,均显著低于对照组;观察组手术切缘复发率(16.13%)、病死率(32.26%)显著高于对照组;观察组无疾病进展生存期为9个月(95%CI:5.6~11.8),中位生存期为22.7个月(95%CI:17.2~29.4);对照组无疾病进展生存期为12.5个月(95%CI:8.4~17.6),中位生存期为34.3个月(95%CI:25.6~43.4),观察组均显著短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组术后并发症发生率为9.68%,与观察组的6.90%无显著差异。结论全胸腔镜下肺楔形切除术可有效清除病灶,减轻手术创伤和术后疼痛,促进术后康复,是肺功能不能耐受肺叶切除或合并其他疾病手术风险高者的有效治疗方法。     

胸腔镜下单操作孔手术与开胸手术治疗肺大疱的临床比较

目的观察胸腔镜下单操作孔手术与开胸手术治疗原发性自发性气胸(PSP)伴肺大疱形成的效果。 方法通过回顾性收集2008年1月至2015年12月52例PSP伴肺大疱形成患者分成两组,A组30例[电视胸腔镜(VATS)下单操作孔肺大疱切除术],B组22例(常规开胸手术),比较两组的住院时间、术前和术后的血气分析[动脉血氧分压(PaO₂)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO₂)]、术后胸腔积液、胸顶残气、漏气、肺不张、肺部感染、术后复发等相关并发症。 结果与B组比较,A组的住院时间(t＝1.312,P＝0.036)、术后血气分析PaO₂(t＝60.206,P＝0.038)、PaCO₂(t＝32.025,P＝0.009)、胸腔积液(t＝2.035,P＝0.042)、肺部感染(t＝1.095,P＝0.041)差异有统计学意义(P< 0.05),治疗效果A组明显优于B组;与B组比较,A组的术后胸顶残气、漏气、肺不张、术后复发,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。 结论采用VATS下单操作孔肺大疱切除术治疗PSP安全、有效,具有创伤小,并发症少,优于常规开胸手术治疗,能够在最短时间治愈PSP。早期VATS下单操作孔肺大疱切除术治疗PSP可作为优先治疗,具有可能性、必要性,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

腋下切口治疗肺部疾病应用体会

<正> 我科自1997年6月至2001年9月经腋下小切口治疗肺部疾病28例,效果满意,报告如下: 1 临床资料 本组男20例,女8例,年龄15～62岁。自发性气胸15例,复发二次以上者13例,均经胸腔闭式引流2～10天不见好转;胸外伤进行性血胸4例;支气管扩张症、肺结核球各2例;早期周围型肺癌、叶间胸膜肿瘤、肺错构瘤、慢性肺脓肿各1例。均经胸片及CT诊断。 2 手术方法 气管插管16例,双腔支气管插管12例,静脉复合全身麻醉。健侧卧位,术侧上臂向外上方牵拉悬吊固定于头架上。切口起点自腋窝下背阔肌前缘沿肋间斜行向前下,止于腋前线处,长约8～13cm。上叶病变选第3肋或第4肋间,下叶选第5或第6肋间进胸。稍加游离背阔肌前缘,沿前锯肌肌纤维走行方向钝性分开至肋间肌表面,经肋间正中切开肋间肌,不断肋骨进胸,开胸时间7～12min。用小号胸撑牵开切口,能进单手操作,应用腹腔镜冷光源作胸腔内照明,应用常规胸科器械。     

电视胸腔镜手术与开胸手术治疗肺癌的创伤程度比较

目的：比较电视胸腔镜手术与开胸手术治疗肺癌的创伤程度。方法将本院2010年2月~2013年6月本院收治的70例肺癌患者分为对照组和观察组,每组各35例,对照组患者给予开胸手术治疗,观察组患者给予电视胸腔镜手术治疗,比较两组患者血清、胸水中IL-6、α1-AT的变化。结果观察组患者术后1、3d时,血清、胸水的IL-6、α1-AT均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论电视胸腔镜手术治疗肺癌校开胸手术对患者的创伤程度小。     

电视胸腔镜在食管疾病诊断与治疗中的应用

电视胸腔镜手术(VATS)作为一种微创技术应用于食管疾病的诊断和治疗已10年左右,其优点为减少术后早期和长期胸痛,减少术后呼吸道并发症,符合美学要求.VATS食管癌分期主要是评估食管癌外侵和转移情况,有助于选择合适的治疗方案.VATS治疗食管癌主要应用于早期食管癌切除,但由于手术部位多,操作较繁杂,应用受到一定的限制;而对食管良性疾病,如平滑肌瘤、贲门失弛缓症等在有条件的医疗中心已成为首选的手术方案.     

Very long-term outcomes of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer

Background  The most critical parameter in the evaluation of the feasibility of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy for lung cancer is long-term outcome. In this study, patients in whom more than 5 years had elapsed since they had undergone VATS lobectomy for lung cancer were identified, and the 5-year survival rate and frequency of recurrence were evaluated as the long-term outcomes; in addition, the frequency of perioperative complications were also evaluated as the short-term outcomes. Methods  The stage, histology, perioperative complications, recurrence, and survival data were carefully reviewed in 198 patients who underwent VATS lobectomy for lung cancer between 1998 and 2002. Results  Median postoperative follow-up period was 72.1 months. Of the 198 patients, 138 and 30 were diagnosed as having p-stage IA and IB disease, respectively, while the remaining 30 patients had more advanced disease. Perioperative complications were observed in 20 patients (10.1%), however, there were no perioperative mortalities. Recurrence was observed in 26 patients (13.1%): of these, 11 patients showed local recurrence, including malignant pleural effusion and mediastinal lymph node recurrence, and 16 patients showed distant metastasis, the lung being the commonest site of metastasis; six patients had both local recurrence and distant metastasis. During the study period, there were 26 deaths (13.1%), of which 17 were due to lung cancer and 9 were due to other causes. The 5-year overall survival rates of the patients with p-stage IA and IB disease were 93.5% and 81.6%, respectively. Conclusion  VATS lobectomy for the treatment of lung cancer is as feasible and safe as open lobectomy in terms of both very long- and short-term outcomes.     

Learning curve for two-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lung segmentectomy

 Open in a separate windowOBJECTIVESWhen lung cancer evolves from a large, centrally located mass to small, peripherally located pulmonary nodules, such as ground glass nodules, segmentectomy offers a reasonable method by which to save lung parenchyma without eliciting compromising oncological effects. To master these techniques, it is important to analyse the learning curve of surgeons. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyse the learning curve for two-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) segmentectomy in our institution.METHODSWe retrospectively collected data from 86 consecutive patients who underwent two-port VATS segmentectomy between June 2019 and November 2019. The operative time (OT) and estimated blood loss and other complications were analysed. The learning curve was evaluated using the OT and the cumulative sum (CUSUM) value of OTs across all cases.RESULTSWe generated a graph of the CUSUM of OTs and found that the learning curve could be differentiated into 3 phases: phase 1, the initial learning phase (1st to 27th operation); phase 2, the increased competence phase (28th to 54th operation); and phase 3, the experienced phase (55th to 86th operation). The CUSUM value inflected at patient number 47. There were significant reductions in the OT and bleeding in phase 3 relative to phases 1 and 2. There were also significant differences in OT and estimated blood loss between the simple and complex segmentectomy procedures.CONCLUSIONSIn conclusion, the 3 phases identified using CUSUM analysis of the OT represented characteristic stages of the learning curve for two-port VATS segmentectomy. The data indicate that, in our institution, the inflection point for the learning curve was achieved after operating on 47 cases.     

Comparison between robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for mediastinal and hilar lymph node dissection in lung cancer surgery

 Open in a separate windowOBJECTIVESLymph node dissection (LND) with robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS) in lung cancer surgery has not been fully evaluated. The aim of this study was to compare LND surgical results between video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and RATS.METHODSWe retrospectively compared perioperative parameters, including the incidence of LND-associated complications (chylothorax, recurrent and/or phrenic nerve paralysis and bronchopleural fistula), lymph node (LN) counts and postoperative locoregional recurrence, among 390 patients with primary lung cancer who underwent lobectomy and mediastinal LND by RATS (n = 104) or VATS (n = 286) at our institution.RESULTSThe median total dissected LN numbers significantly differed between the RATS and the VATS groups (RATS: 18, VATS: 15; P < 0.001). They also significantly differed in right upper zone and hilar (#2R + #4R + #10L) (RATS: 12, VATS: 10; P = 0.002), left lower paratracheal and hilar (#4L + #10L) (RATS: 4, VATS: 3; P = 0.019), aortopulmonary zone (#5 + #6) (RATS: 3, VATS: 2; P = 0.001) and interlobar and lobar (#11 + #12) LNs (RATS: 7, VATS: 6; P = 0.041). The groups did not significantly differ in overall nodal upstaging (P = 0.64), total blood loss (P = 0.69) or incidence of LND-associated complications (P = 0.77).CONCLUSIONSIn this comparison, it was suggested that more LNs could be dissected using RATS than VATS, especially in bilateral superior mediastinum and hilar regions. Accumulation of more cases and longer observation periods are needed to verify whether RATS can provide the acceptable quality of LND and local control of lung cancer.     

电视胸腔镜技术在快速康复外科中的作用

目的探讨电视胸腔镜手术在快速康复外科中的作用。方法对308例患者行电视胸腔镜手术,选取手术时间、拔管时间、住院时间、手术切口长度、出血量等与280例开胸手术临床资料比较研究。结果308例患者中34例胸腔镜辅助小切口,4例中转开胸,共10例出现围手术期并发症,无死亡病例。结论胸腔镜手术与传统开胸手术相比,具有切口微创美观、出血量明显减少、痛苦轻、恢复快、手术时间短、手术并发症少、平均住院日短等优点,为胸内疾病开辟了新的诊疗方法。此项技术微创安全,同时符合快速康复外科的最新理念。     

Evaluation of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for pulmonary metastases: 11-years of experience

Background  Although video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has been applied to pulmonary resection for pulmonary metastases, the clinical validity of this approach remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and problems of VATS for pulmonary metastasectomy. Methods  From January 1993 to December 2003, VATS for pulmonary metastasectomy was performed in 53 resections for 48 patients at our institution. The medical records of these patients were retrospectively reviewed. Results  The primary tumor was colorectal cancer in 23 patients, renal cell carcinoma in 6, breast cancer in 6, germ cell tumor in 5, head and neck cancer in 2, and others in 6. Thirty-six cases had a solitary lesion, 8 had unilateral multiple lesions, and 9 had bilateral multiple lesions. The following procedures were performed: 7 lobectomies, 5 segmentectomies, and 41 wedge resections. There was no major postoperative morbidity related to VATS. At a median follow-up period of 29.0 months, 13 patients were alive without recurrences. The 3-year overall survival rate and the 3-year intrathoracic disease-free survival rate were 59.8% and 33.4%, respectively. Five cases had recurrence at the surgical stump or at the port sites, but these recurrences have not been found in the recent period since June 1997. Intrathoracic recurrences within 3 months after VATS occurred in four. Conclusion  VATS for pulmonary metastases is not superior to the conventional open thoracotomy and is not recommended as a standard procedure. Further studies with a larger number of cases performed by skilled surgeons familiar with VATS are needed.     

电视胸腔镜手术在胸外科的应用

目的探讨电视胸腔镜手术(video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,VATS)在胸外科的应用. 方法回顾分析1998年7月～2002年12月78例胸腔镜手术的临床资料.其中:自发性气胸肺大疱切除40例,胸外伤探查12例,肺包块楔形切除9例,胸膜活检 胸膜固定6例,纵隔肿瘤切除4例,肺叶切除4例,肺叶切除术后支气管胸膜瘘2例,食管平滑肌瘤切除1例. 结果无一例中转开胸,5例因胸膜顶粘连辅助小切口.3例中老年自发性气胸术后持续漏气,分别于第7,8,13天拔除胸管,其余均在48h内拔除胸管.5例引流管口延期愈合.手术并发症发生率10.3%(8/78). 结论 VATS在胸外科有广阔的发展空间,一次性耗材价格昂贵限制其临床应用,腔镜下缝合技术或打结技术的应用比较适合目前的国情,节省医疗费用.     

小切口电视胸腔镜辅助与传统开胸肺癌根治术的比较

目的探讨小切口电视胸腔镜辅助肺癌根治术的临床价值。方法2005年1月～2006年6月收治49例I、Ⅱ期非小细胞肺癌,22例在小切口(腋前线肋间6～8cm)辅助电视胸腔镜下行肺叶切除术及肺门纵隔淋巴结清扫(VATS组),27例在常规开胸手术下完成肺叶切除术及淋巴结清扫(传统开胸组),比较2种术式肺功能和C反应蛋白(C reactiveprotein,CRP)的变化。结果胸腔镜组2例为方便安全地处理肺门血管将小切口扩大至12～15cm。2组患者术后血清CRP浓度明显升高,第1天达到峰值,胸腔镜组CRP术后1d(56.1±10.9)mg/L,显著低于传统开胸组(73.8±15.1)mg/L(t=-4.603,P=0.000)。2组术后肺功能每分钟通气量相对值(minute ventilation volume,MV)、1秒用力呼气容积相对值(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)下降,术后1周时胸腔镜组MV为(95.6±16.4)L,显著高于传统开胸组(81.9±12.7)L(t=3.296,P=0.002),胸腔镜组FEV1为(57.1±5.7)%,显著高于传统开胸组(51.4±6.9)%(t=3.105,P=0.003)。结论与常规开胸肺癌根治术相比,小切口电视胸腔镜辅助肺叶切除术适合于早中期肺癌,疗效确切,可明显减少病人的手术创伤,可以作为非小细胞型肺癌的一种常规的治疗手段。     

早期拔除胸腔引流管在胸腔镜肺部手术后的应用

目的探讨胸腔镜肺部手术后早期拔除胸腔引流管的可行性和安全性,探索胸腔引流管的拔除指征。 方法选择2019年11月至2020年4月在南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院行胸腔镜肺部手术,并于术后早期(48 h内)拔除胸腔引流管患者117例作为观察组;另外选择2018年11月至2019年4月在南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院行胸腔镜肺部手术,但术后非早期拔除胸腔引流管患者114例作为对照组。两组在年龄(P＝0.476)、性别(P＝0.216)、术式(P＝0.715)、是否行纵隔淋巴结清扫或采样(P＝0.200)、目标肺叶(P＝0.925)、病变性质(P＝0.957)方面均差异无统计学意义。回顾性分析两组患者术后临床结果、拔除引流管后并发症及再次行胸腔引流情况。 结果观察组和对照组拔管前24 h引流量[(245.7±98.1)ml比(120.8±46.8)ml,P<0.001]、术后引流时间[(43.9±2.6)h比(84.5±10.5)h,P<0.001]、术后住院时间[(2.2±0.4)d比(4.2±1.1)d,P<0.001]、住院费用[(5.3±0.4)万元比(5.6±0.3)万元,P<0.001]、拔管后疼痛视觉模拟评分(visionl analogue scale, VAS) [(4.4±1.2)分比(3.3±1.2)分,P<0.001]、拔管后总体并发症发生率(20.5%比10.5%,P＝0.036)差异有统计学意义,观察组拔管前后VAS [(5.9±0.8)分比(4.4±1.2)分,P<0.001]和对照组拔管前后VAS [(6.0±0.9)分比(3.3±1.2)分,P<0.001]差异有统计学意义。观察组和对照组拔管前VAS [(5.9±0.8)分比(6.0±0.9)分,P＝0.464]、拔管后气胸(1.7%比0.9%,P>0.999)、胸腔积液(12.8%比6.1%,P＝0.084)、皮下气肿(2.6%比1.8%,P>0.999)、发热(3.4%比1.8%,P＝0.703)、再次行胸腔引流(2.6%比1.8%,P>0.999)发生率差异无统计学意义。 结论虽然术后早期拔除引流管可能会增加拔除引流管后胸腔积液的发生率,但早期拔除引流管可以明显减轻患者术后疼痛,并且不会增加气胸、皮下气肿、发热的发生率,也不会增加再次行胸腔引流的风险。因此,胸腔镜肺部手术后早期拔除胸腔引流管是安全、可行的,有利于减轻患者经济负担,缩短住院时间,促进患者加速康复。