The incorporation of morselized bone grafts in cementless acetabular revisions

The treatment of large osteolytic lesions is a challenge during acetabular revisions. Periprosthetic bone loss can compromise the stability of new implants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the 5- to 10-year clinical and radiographic results of morselized bone grafting for acetabular osteolysis during cementless acetabular revisions. Ninety-nine patients (108 hips) who had an acetabular revision hip arthroplasty for osteolysis were retrospectively reviewed. There were 44 men and 55 women who had a mean age of 66 years. At the index revision, the acetabular defects were debrided of granulomatous tissue and packed tightly with morselized cancellous femoral head allograft. All the revision acetabular components were implanted using cementless fixation. At a mean followup of 85 months (range, 60-118 months), the results of 103 of 108 hips (95%) were clinically and radiographically successful. The mean preoperative Harris hip score was 37 points, which improved to a mean of 91 points at the last followup. All cavitary defects had complete radiographic incorporation of the bone grafts except for two lesions. The results of this study indicate that morselized bone graft incorporates into cementless acetabular revisions. This treatment method provided a stable reconstruction in 98% of patients at a mean of 7 years followup.     

Acetabular revision total hip arthroplasty using an impacted morselized allograft and a cementless cup: minimum 10-year follow-up

This study was undertaken to analyze the clinical and radiologic results of acetabular revision arthroplasty using an impacted morselized allograft and a cementless cup and was performed on 71 hips of 62 patients who were followed up for a minimum of 10 years (10 years to 14 years 8 months; mean, 12 years). The acetabular bone defects were classified using the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Committee on the Hip and Paprosky classifications. Cementless hemispherical cups were inserted via a press-fit technique, using an impacted morselized allograft. The mean Harris hip score at the last follow-up visit was 92. Only 3 cases were re-revised, and the 12-year survival rate was thus 95.8%. The study shows that acetabular revision arthroplasty using an impacted morselized allograft and a cementless cup is an excellent treatment option.     

全髋关节翻修术中髋臼骨缺损的重建

目的探讨全髋关节置换术（THA）后，翻修术中髋臼骨缺损重建的方法及疗效。方法对81例（84髋）在THA翻修术中处理的髋臼骨缺损患者进行回顾性分析，根据AAOS分型法，Ⅰ型7髋，Ⅱ型56髋，Ⅲ型17髋，Ⅳ型4髋。分别采用大直径非骨水泥假体臼、非骨水泥假体臼＋松质颗粒植骨、骨水泥假体臼＋Cage＋松质颗粒植骨和骨水泥假体臼＋定制型假体＋松质颗粒植骨等方法，对不同类型骨缺损的患者进行修复。术后定期随访，采用Harris方法评估髋关节功能，根据X线片判断假体是否有松动，移植骨是否愈合。结果对本组患者进行术后随访，平均随访45个月（13～118个月）。术后Harris评分平均86．2分，较术前平均改善40．6分。2髋因脱位需进行再翻修，其余效果良好，X线片无假体松动下沉，可见移植骨一宿主骨交界处有连续性小梁骨通过。结论在THA翻修术中，大部分髋臼骨缺损可使用较大型号非骨水泥假体或加松质颗粒植骨进行修复；对于影响假体稳定性的较大缺损，使用骨水泥假体臼＋Cage＋松质颗粒植骨的方法可获得良好效果；定制型假体在处理严重髋臼骨缺损中有独特优势，具有良好的临床应用前景。     

Acetabular revision without cement

We reviewed the clinical and radiologic results of 47 cementless acetabular revisions performed by a single surgeon. The mean follow-up period was 58 months. The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) acetabular defect classification was type I in 4 hips, type II in 9 hips, and type III in 32 hips. All patients received AML (Depuy, Warsaw, IN) Duraloc cup implants. Morcellized allograft was used in 23 hips (49%), and screw augmentation in 22 hips (47%). The Harris Hip score improved from 72 to 90 points. No revisions were performed for aseptic loosening. Nonprogressive thin radiolucent lines were found in a single zone in 10 hips (21%) and in all 3 zones in 5 hips (11%). No migration was found in any cups with radiolucent lines, and the presence of a radiolucent line was considered clinically unimportant. Progressive loosening with migration of the cup was found in 1 hip (2%). Kaplan-Meier survivorship using revision for aseptic loosening or radiologic loosening as end points was 92% at 72 months. No statistically significant difference was found in the survival of the cups fixed with or without screws. These encouraging midterm results confirm the role of cementless acetabular revision.     

病灶清除植骨保留髋臼假体的翻修术治疗假体周围局灶性骨溶解

目的 探讨病灶清除植骨保留髋臼假体的翻修术治疗全髋关节置换(total hip arthroplasty,THA)术后稳定固定的髋臼假体周围局灶性骨溶解的疗效.方法 2006年3月至2009年3月,THA术后髋臼假体稳定固定的假体周围局灶性骨溶解患者23例(23髋),男13例,女10例;年龄39～54岁,平均46.6岁.23例均为非骨水泥髋臼.初次THA至诊断髋臼假体周围骨溶解的时间为4.6～7.4年,平均5.5年.术前HarTis髋关节评分74分.手术经腹股沟入路,行髂骨内板开窗,清除髋臼骨溶解病灶、同种异体颗粒骨植骨;经后外侧人路更换聚乙烯内衬、股骨头假体,保留髋臼假体.翻修术后1、3、6、12个月及之后每年随访1次,以髋关节Harris评分评价临床疗效,摄X线片、CT扫描观察植骨区愈合、新发骨溶解病灶及假体移位情况.结果 16例获得随访,随访时间8～38个月,平均28个月.末次随访时Harris髋关节评分86～100分,平均93.8分.16例植骨区成骨均良好,12例植骨区完全被周围骨爬行替代,髋臼假体固定好,无髋臼假体松动及移位,无新发髋臼假体周围骨溶解,无异位骨化、脱位、深静脉血栓形成及感染等并发症.结论 清除病灶植骨、保留髋臼假体、更换聚乙烯内衬和股骨头假体的翻修术可有效减少聚乙烯磨损颗粒产生,避免骨溶解病灶进展导致的假体松动,近期随访结果良好.     

Clinical and radiographic assessment of cementless acetabular revision with morsellised allografts

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic results of cementless acetabular revision with deep frozen morsellised allografts. Sixty-one patients (65 hips) underwent acetabular revision using cementless components and deep frozen morsellised allografts. Fifty-seven hips (53 patients) were reviewed at a mean of 105.1 months (range 72–180 months) after revision. The study group included 29 males and 24 females with a mean age of 46.4 years. One cup underwent further revision for aseptic loosening and two were defined as radiographic failures. The mean time for allograft incorporation was 12.5 months (range 6–24 months) after index surgery. The mean Harris hip score of the patients improved from 61.1 points preoperatively to 91.6 points postoperatively. Linear and cavitary osteolysis was observed in two and 12 hips, respectively. The acetabular revision using cementless components with deep frozen morsellized allografts provides favourable clinical and radiographic results, although the initial disease and age may adversely affect the outcomes.     

Isolated revision acetabuloplasty using a porous-coated cementless acetabular component without removal of a well-fixed femoral component: A 3- to 9-year follow-up study

The results of isolated acetabular revision performed in 31 patients (32 hips) were monitored for between 3 and 9 years. All femoral components were well fixed and not removed or revised at the time of index surgery. There were 4 hips with little or no acetabular bony defect, 2 hips with pure segmental defects (type I), 10 hips with cavitary defects (type II), 15 with combined segmental cavitary defects (type III), and 1 with pelvic discontinuity (type IV). All revision acetabular implants were cementless, using a porous-coated hemispheric cup with or without bone-graft. There were four grade I reconstructions, 16 grade II reconstructions, and 12 grade III reconstructions. At final follow-up evaluation 94% of the cups were judged to be stable. Two hips required a second revision acetabuloplasty because of loss of fixation of the cup. The 2 repeat revisions were also done without removal of the femoral component. One acetabular component had evidence of rotational migration, which stabilized and remained nonprogressive. There were no cases of femoral component radiographic or clinical failure. The mean pre and postoperative hip scores were 44 and 83, respectively. The pre- and postoperative pain scores were 12 and 42, respectively. The findings of this study suggest that isolated acetabular revision, using a cementless porous-coated hemispheric cup, can be successfully performed without removing or revising a well-fixed femoral stem and not compromise the final outcome.     

全髋关节翻修术中骨缺损的重建

目的观察异体骨移植在全髋关节翻修术中骨缺损重建的临床价值。方法对1996年6月～2000年12月收治的19例全髋关节翻修术的患者进行回顾性分析,其中男11例,平均年龄66.5岁,女8例,平均年龄63.2岁。髋臼骨缺损类型为Ⅰ型2髋,Ⅱ型10髋,Ⅲ型4髋;股骨骨缺损类型为Ⅰ型3髋,Ⅱ型11髋,Ⅲ型2髋;髋臼及股骨无明显缺损患者4例。骨缺损重建方法包括髋臼结构性植骨3例,髋臼内压紧颗粒骨植骨3例,髋臼内金属网垫植骨3例,髋臼、股骨压紧颗粒骨植骨6例7髋,股骨结构性植骨3例,金属网加强颗粒骨植骨2例,股骨压紧颗粒骨植骨4例,4例患者未行植骨。应用Harris评分标准及X线分别评价翻修术后临床转归及移植骨愈合情况。结果19例患者平均随访46个月(6～68个月),随访患者的Harris评分由翻修术前的平均42.7分(24～59分)增至术后的平均82.7分(55～99分),15例16髋异体骨植骨患者X线片显示1例髋臼结构性植骨部分吸收,髋臼松动,须行翻修术;1例髋臼松动,无症状;3例有X线透亮带。无感染发生。结论全髋关节翻修术中,根据骨缺损类型,选用相应的异体骨移植是一种可靠而有效的方法。     

Cementless acetabular cup: 6-year follow-up

The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of cementless acetabular cups used in primary total hip arthroplasty. From November 1993 to December 1998, we implanted 403 cementless acetabular cups. Here we present a review of 160 patients (97 women) who received cementless acetabular cups with a porous-coated surface. The average postoperative follow-up period was 6 years (range, 4–8 years). The mean age of patients was 68 years for cemented stems (65 hips) and 59 for uncemented stems (95 hips). A total of 104 patients received ceramic-polyethylene components and 56 had ceramic-ceramic components. One patient presented acetabular migration and needed revision after 5 months indicating a failure rate of 0.6%. We believe that our results provides quite good perspectives for future work with this acetabular component. Received: 3 May 2002, Accepted: 10 May 2002     

Cancellous allograft in revision total hip arthroplasty. A clinical review

There are numerous indications for the use of cancellous allograft bone in the context of revision hip arthroplasty. These indications range from the well-documented use of morselized bone chips to fill cavitary defects during cementless acetabular reconstructions--in which complete or near-complete graft remodeling is expected--to the use of particulate allografting with bipolar hemiarthroplasty for acetabular revision, which largely has been abandoned because of frequent component migration, graft resorption, and clinical failure. Most other indications, including femoral and acetabular impaction allografting techniques, curettage of osteolytic defects with component retention, and complex reconstructions using acetabular reconstruction rings or cages with cancellous donor bone, are controversial but are supported by published clinical series. The current study reviews the literature on cancellous allografting in revision total hip arthroplasty.     

颗粒骨打压植骨结合多孔非骨水泥臼杯在AAOSⅢ型髋臼大面积骨缺损翻修中的应用

背景：颗粒骨打压植骨是修复髋臼骨缺损的重要方法,对大面积髋臼骨缺损采用打压植骨结合非骨水泥臼杯重建仍然存在争议。目的：探讨同种异体颗粒骨打压植骨结合多孔非骨水泥臼杯髋臼重建术修复AAOSⅢ型髋臼大面积骨缺损的方法及近期疗效。方法：随访2005年6月至2010年4月收治的28例（28髋）AA0SⅢ型髋臼大面积骨缺损患者。男18例,女10例,年龄34-74岁,平均53．8岁。髋关节置换术后感染醐翻修9例,骨溶解及髋臼假体松动翻修19例。本组AAOSⅢ型髋臼骨缺损面积大,术中见髋臼骨缺损超过髋臼关节面的50％。全部采用同种异体颗粒骨打压植骨结合多孔非骨水泥臼杯髋臼重建术。术后定期随访,观察臼杯有无松动、植入骨与宿主骨整合情况,髋关节功能评分采用Harris评分。结果：28例均获得随访,术后随访时间为13-70个月,平均43个月。Harris评分由术前32-48分,平均41分,提高至末次随访时86-95分,平均90分。28例髋臼假体均固定牢固无松动征象,植入骨逐渐与宿主骨整合,无感染及坐骨神经损伤。结论：在获得臼杯初始稳定固定的情况下,大面积颗粒骨打压植骨（臼杯与宿主骨接触面积〈50％）结合多孔非骨水泥臼杯髋臼重建术修复AAOSⅢ型髋臼大面积骨缺损近期疗效较好,远期疗效尚待进一步随访。     

The fate of revised uncemented acetabular components in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

The results of patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had revision hip arthroplasty have been studied infrequently. The purpose of this study was to review the authors' clinical and radiographic experiences and outcomes with revision hip arthroplasty. Revision total hip arthroplasties were done on 28 patients (30 hips). All hips had morselized bone grafting and four hips had bulk allografts for segmental defects. The mean age of the patients at the time of surgery was 50 years (range, 20-74 years). Patients were followed up for 4 to 15 years (mean, 7 years). At the latest followup, 14 hips (13 patients) of the 30 hips (47%) had good and excellent Harris hip score ratings. Mechanical failures included six hips (five patients) that had revision arthroplasty and two hips (two patients) that had resection arthroplasty. Six other hips (five patients) had poor Harris hip score ratings. The Kaplan-Meier survivorship curve for failure of the acetabular component revealed an 89% chance of survivorship curve for failure of the acetabular component revealed an 89% chance of survival at 60 months and a 44% chance of survival at 108 months. Based on the results of this study, revision hip arthroplasty for acetabular loosening with a cementless acetabular prosthesis has a low rate of success in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.     

Allogeneic cancellous bone graft and a Burch-Schneider ring for acetabular reconstruction in revision hip arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND: There is an ever-increasing number of failed hip arthroplasties associated with massive deficiency of acetabular bone stock consisting of a segmental or cavitary defect. This study was undertaken to evaluate the long-term results after use of morselized cryopreserved allogeneic bone graft and an antiprotrusio cage to treat such a deficiency. METHODS: From January 1, 1988, to January 1, 1994, forty-one patients (forty-one hips) with an acetabular defect classified as type IIl or IV according to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons system were operated on with use of a Burch-Schneider ring and morselized cryopreserved allogeneic cancellous bone graft. Thirty-eight patients (thirty-eight hips) were available for clinical and radiographic follow-up examinations at an average of 7.3 years (range, 4.2 to 9.4 years) after surgery. RESULTS: All measured clinical parameters had improved significantly by the time of the follow-up examination (p < 0.0001). Radiographs confirmed that none of the thirty-eight hips had any measurable migration or displacement of the acetabular component and that osseous consolidation occurred only within the grafted area in all patients. CONCLUSION: Acetabular reconstruction with use of morselized cryopreserved allogeneic cancellous bone graft and the Burch-Schneider ring can be highly successful in managing massive acetabular deficiencies in revision hip arthroplasty.     

THA翻修术中髋臼骨缺损的处理策略

目的探讨全髋关节置换术（THA）翻修术中髋臼骨缺损重建的方法及疗效。方法回顾1999年6月至2007年5月,在THA翻修术中处理的髋臼骨缺损112例（117髋）。根据Saleh KJ的改良分型法,Ⅰ型缺损14髋、Ⅱ型缺损26髋、Ⅲ型缺损47髋、Ⅵ型缺损16髋、Ⅴ型缺损14髋。分别采用大直径非骨水泥假体臼、非骨水泥假体臼＋松质颗粒植骨、骨水泥假体臼＋Cage＋松质颗粒植骨和骨水泥假体臼＋定制型假体＋松质颗粒植骨,对不同类型骨缺损进行修复。术后定期随访,采用Harris方法评估髋关节功能,根据X线片判断假体是否有松动,移植骨是否愈合。结果随访时间平均45（13～118）个月。除4髋因脱位或假体周围骨折进行再翻修外,其余效果良好。术后Harris评分平均86.2分,较术前平均改善40.6分。X线片无假体松动下沉,可见移植骨-宿主骨交界处有连续性小梁骨通过。结论在THA翻修术中,大部分髋臼骨缺损可使用较大型号非骨水泥假体或加松质颗粒植骨进行修复;对于影响假体稳定性的较大缺损,使用骨水泥假体臼＋Cage＋松质颗粒植骨的方法可获得良好效果;定制型假体在处理严重髋臼骨缺损中有具独特优势,有良好的临床应用前景。     

人工全髋关节置换术中髋臼骨缺损的重建

目的 探讨人工全髋关节置换术中各种髋臼骨缺损的特点与重建方法.方法 1998年5月至2008年8月对获得随访的行初次全髋关节置换或翻修的37例(37髋)髋臼缺损患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,依据AAOS分型采取颗粒性或结构性植骨、生物或骨水泥髋臼假体以及钛网或加强环置入等方法对骨缺损进行重建.术前Harris评分(42±8)分.术后采用Harris评分判断髋关节的功能改善情况,复查X线片了解移植骨愈合及假体在位情况.结果 AAOS Ⅰ型9例,Ⅱ型13例,Ⅲ型15例.颗粒性植骨24例,结构性植骨6例,混合性植骨7例;生物型假体21例,骨水泥型假体16例.平均随访时间53.7个月.术后Harris评分(87±5)分,与术前比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).移植骨在最后一次复查时均已愈合或基本愈合.结论 对于AAOS Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型等简单的髋臼骨缺损,颗粒性或结构性植骨结合生物型髋臼假体就可以获得很好的初始稳定性,而对于AAOSⅢ型等较严重的缺损,则应行结构性植骨或附加钛网及加强环等重建髋臼.其短、中期疗效是令人满意的.     

Revision total hip arthroplasty for pelvic osteolysis with well-fixed cementless cup

Treatment of pelvic osteolysis after total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains controversial. Clinical and radiographic outcomes of revision THA were evaluated in 62 hips with pelvic osteolysis and well-fixed cementless cups. The patients' mean age was 50.9 years, and the mean interval from primary to revision THA was 9.7 years. For revision, cementless cups were used in 51 hips, and cemented cups in 11 with acetabular reinforcement rings in 9. The mean duration of follow-up after revision THA was 5.9 years (range, 3.0-9.7 years). At final follow-up, the average Harris Hip Score was 92.4, and there was no radiographic complication except for 1 with change of inclination. Revision THA for pelvic osteolysis with well-fixed cementless cups showed favorable outcomes, and it can be preferentially used in young patients.     

Bone graft incorporation after revision hip arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, seventy eight revisions using bone allografts with or without metal reinforcements

Purpose

The aim of the study was to assess bone graft incorporation after revision hip arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

We report an acetabular reconstruction using impacted, morselized, frozen, radiation sterilized bone allografts in 71 patients suffering from RA. There were sixty-six women and five men at a mean age of 57.5 years. Reconstruction was performed in 78 revision total hip arthroplasties (THAs) for aseptic loosening of acetabular component. The mean follow-up was five years and four months. In 38 cases, a revision was done with use of reinforcement devices.

Results

In four revised hips (10 %) without reinforcement implants, resorption of the allografts was noticed. All Mueller rings and 50 % of unscrews cages (Link, Howmedica) were revised because of aseptic loosening and bone graft resorption. In all of 17 hips with the Burch-Schneider cage, no measurable migration or bone allografts resorption occurred. There were no major general complications.

Conclusions

Acetabular reconstruction with use of morselized, frozen, radiation sterilized bone allografts and the Burch-Schneider cage can be highly successful in managing massive deficiency of acetabular bone stock in revision hip arthroplasty in RA patients.     

Total hip arthroplasty with cementless cups and femoral head autografts for patients with hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis

Objective: To evaluate the outcome of total hip arthroplasty (THA) with cementless cups and femoral head autografts for patients with hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis. Methods: Between 1995 and 2002, we implanted 23 cementless cups and femoral head autografts in 20 patients with hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis. In this study, a retrospective study was made on 21 hips in 20 patients (18 females and 2 males, aged 50 years on an average) with developmental hip dysplasia treated by THA with a cementless cup and femoral head autograft. The acetabular cup was placed at the level of the true acetabulum and all the patients required autogenous femoral head grafts due to acetabular deficiency. The average rate of the acetabular cup covered by the femoral head autograft was 31% ( ranging from 10 % to 45 % ). Eight hips had less than 25 % cup coverage and thirteen between 25% and 50%. The average follow-up period was 4.7 years (range, 1-8 years). The replacing outcome was evaluated by modified Harri ship score. Preoperative and follow-up radiographs were made. Results: All the autografts were united to the host bones. No autograft was collapsed or no component from the hip was loosed in all the patients. According to the modified Harris hip score, the average hip score increased from 46 before operation to 89 at the final review. Before operation, the leg-length discrepancy was greater than 2 cm in all the patients except one with bilateral hip dysplasia. After operation, only 2 out of 20 patients had a leg-length discrepancy greater than 1 cm. Three hips showed minor bone resorption in the lateral portion of the graft, which did not support the cup. Three hips developed Grade 1 Brooker heterotopic ossification and one developed Grade 2. Conclusions: THA with a cementless cup and a femoral head autograft for patients with osteoarthritis resulted from hip dysplasia can result in favorable outcomes. This method can provide reliable acetabnlar fixation and restore the aeetabular bone stock in patients with developmental hip dysplasia when the cementless cup covered by the graft does not exceed 50 %.     

Late loosening of press-fit cementless acetabular components

Between January 1987 and September 1990, 67 consecutive cementless total hip arthroplasties were implanted in 59 patients by one surgeon. The mean age of the patients at surgery was 57 years (range, 23-80 years). All acetabular components were plasma-sprayed titanium hemispheric cups with four peripheral rim fins, but additional screw fixation was not used. The mean followup was 10.4 years (range, 8.8-12.5 years). With revision as the endpoint, the failure rate of this acetabular component at a mean of 10.4 years was 28% (19/67). Of the 56 patients (56 hips) with radiographic followup, loosening of the acetabular shell occurred in 10 hips in 10 patients (18%). Seventy percent of these loosened cups failed by tilt which occurred in a rapid manner; all of the patients required revision surgery. We examined the manner of loosening of a press-fit acetabular component after early (5-year) results showed high hip scores and a low failure rate.     

Porous-coated cementless acetabular cups in revision surgery: a 6- to 11-year follow-up study.

Between 1986 and 1991, 65 cementless hemispherical acetabular cups were implanted in 60 patients in revision surgery. Different designs were used, including PCA (29 cups), Duraloc (14 cups), Harris-Galante (12 cups), and Omnifit (10 cups). The mean age of patients was 54.7 years. The Paprosky types of the acetabular tone defects were type 1, 2 hips; type 2, 38 hips; type 3A, 15 hips; and type 3B, 10 hips. For unrevised hips, the mean follow-up was 8.3 years (range, 6-11 years). Bone allografts were used in 56 hips: Morcellized cancellous graft was used in 42 hips, structural graft for contained defects was used in 7 hips, and structural graft for uncontained defects was used in 7 hips. There were poor clinical results in 14 hips (22%). Re-revision was necessary in 7 hips (10.8%). There was definite radiographic loosening in 18 hips and possible loosening in 4 hips. Screw failure occurred in 6 hips, and a radiolucency in 1 or more DeLee-Charnley zones was apparent in 45 hips (69.2%). Moderate or severe graft resorption were found in 4 of the 42 morcellized grafts, in 6 of the 7 structural grafts for uncontained defects, and in all 7 of the 7 structural grafts for contained defects. The best results were obtained in hips with a bone defect of less than 30%. The use of a cementless acetabular cup supplemented with screws is contraindicated in hips with a bone defect greater than 50%. Hip reconstruction using structural bone-graft to stabilize the prosthesis gives the worst results.