中青年脑卒中危险因素的临床分析

目的：探讨中青年脑卒中的危险因素,特别是可干预的危险因素,为有效预防和控制其发生提供依据。方法：对2年问83例脑卒巾患者（卒中组）的病史（高血压、高血脂、糖尿病、心脏病、家族病史）及不良嗜好（吸烟、饮酒）进行回顾性调查和分析;并与同期在门诊体检的健康中青年（健康对照组）作对比研究。结果：高血压为中青年啮卒中最危险的因素,发病率达57．8％,高血脂、糖尿病、心脏病均为发病因素,48．2％的患者有吸烟饮酒史,约35％的患者有家族史及高脂血症。卒中组的主要伴随疾病及相关因素所占比例均高于健康对照组,二者问的差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：高血压、高血脂、糖尿病、吸烟饮酒均为可于预因素,脑血管病的防治应采取综合干预措施。     

中青年脑梗死的危险因素分析

目的探讨中青年脑梗死的危险因素。方法以2008年4月~2010年12月在我院住院的58例中青年脑梗死患者为研究对象,并以58例同期健康体检者作为对照组,观察其高血压、心脏疾病、糖尿病、高血脂、肥胖、吸烟、饮酒、高同型半胱氨酸血症、脑血管病家族史等因素进行分析对照。结果高血压、糖尿病、心脏病、高血脂、吸烟、饮酒、脑血管病家族史等是青年脑梗死的常见危险因素,其中高血压、吸烟、饮酒、脑血管病家族史为主要危险因素与对照组相比均有统计学意义。结论高血压、吸烟、饮酒、脑血管病家族史为中青年脑梗死的主要危险因素,早期干预各种危险因素,有效降低中青年脑梗死的发病率、致残率。     

446例缺血性脑卒中危险因素分析

目的探讨缺血性脑卒中患者的主要危险因素。方法对446例缺血性脑卒中患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果缺血性脑卒中发病危险因素有高血压病史、血脂异常、心脏病、糖尿病、吸烟饮酒、卒中史、短暂性脑缺血发作，发病率随年龄增长呈上升趋势，男性多于女性，发病部位多在基底节区。结论高血压病史、血脂异常、心脏病、糖尿病、大量吸烟饮酒、卒中史、短暂性脑缺血发作为缺血性脑卒中患者的主要危险因素，控制好这些危险因素，对预防缺血性脑卒中的发生和改善预后有重要的临床价值。     

中青年缺血性脑卒中68例病因及高危因素分析

目的探讨中青年缺血性脑卒中的病因及高危因素。方法对68例住院青年缺血性卒中患者,分析其血压、血脂、血糖、血黏度、同型半胱氨酸(HCY)与脑卒中的关系。结果有明确病因者60例,病因不清者8例,其中动脉粥样硬化45例,心源性脑栓塞12例,其他原因包括脑血管炎、烟雾病、偏头痛等共3例;主要危险因素:高血压病(80.9%),高血脂(73.5%),高同型半胱氨酸(44.1%),吸烟(32.4%),家族史(29.4%),饮酒史(26.5%),栓塞性血管病(17.6%),糖尿病(14.7%)。结论动脉粥样硬化仍然是中青年人缺血性卒中的主要原因,高血压、高脂血症、吸烟、饮酒、糖尿病、高HCY等危险因素是促发中青年人动脉硬化的主要原因。     

中国东部地区缺血性脑卒中病例对照研究及健康教育启示

目的探索中国东部地区缺血性脑卒中发病因素中可以干预的一些因素,为降低中国东部地区缺血性脑卒中患者的发病率和病死率提供建议。方法对2013年1月~2016年8月在福建中医药大学附属第二人民医院体检中心、福建中医药大学附属人民医院体检中心、福建中医药大学附属康复医院、福建省立医院、福建中医药大学附属温州市中医院、河南中医学院第一附属医院、山东中医药大学第二附属医院、广州中医药大学附属第一医院,参加义诊的出院后403例缺血性脑卒中患者和403例健康体检者进行回顾性的病例对照研究。回顾性分析两组的基本情况(年龄、性别、腰围、婚姻、教育程度、腰围、BMI、舒张压、收缩压)、既往史(心脏病史、高血压病史、糖尿病史、高血脂病史、TIA病史)、个人史(吸烟史、饮酒史)和家族史(家族心脏病、家族糖尿病、家族高血压、家族脑卒中)等20个因素。对各相关因素进行单因素的χ2检验,对差异有统计学意义的因素作为自变量进行Logistic回归分析。结果缺血性脑卒中的发病是许多因素共同作用的结果 ,对两组的20个危险因素进行χ~2检验,其中有统计学意义的因素有6个,分别是高血压病、糖尿病、心脏病、血脂异常、肥胖、TIA病史。BMI、高血压、心脏病、糖尿病、高血脂及TIA疾病史与缺血性脑卒中呈正相关(P0.05),其中病例组的TIA病史及高血压病史对缺血性脑卒中发病的影响最大,其相对危险度为对照组的6.42及3.62倍。两组在血压、腰围、吸烟、饮酒、家族史等方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。以缺血性脑卒中是否发生为因变量,将上述有统计学意义的单因素作为自变量进行多因素的Logistic回归分析,经回归分析得出:心脏病、BMI、TIA、高血压病史4个因素是影响本地区缺血性脑卒中患者的独立危险因素(P0.05),其中TIA病史与高血压仍然是最重要的独立危险因素,OR值分别为4.57、3.90倍。结论在缺血性脑卒中的综合防治中,应从健康的生活方式出发,及时控制高血压、心脏病、服用抗血小板药物,做到一二级预防相结合。     

新疆部分地区维、汉急性脑卒中患者危险因素病例对照研究

目的 研究维吾尔族(维族)、汉族脑卒中患者常见危险因素及其差异,为防治新疆地区急性脑卒中提供参考依据.方法 收集新疆地区5所医院2007年12月～2009年12月住院的维、汉族779例急性脑卒中病例,726例正常对照组人群.采用前瞻性卒中登记方法,对急性性脑卒中相关因素进行收集和分析.结果 性别、年龄、民族、饮酒、糖尿病病史、高血压病史能显著增加急性脑卒中的患病风险,其中高血压对脑卒中的影响最大.维族脑卒中患者吸烟、饮酒及糖尿病发生率低于汉族,而高血压的发病率高于汉族.结论 高血压、饮酒、年龄、糖尿病、心源性疾病均为脑卒中的危险因素,维、汉族脑卒中发病率及相关危险因素不同.     

中青年缺血性脑卒中的病因及高危因素分析

目的 探讨中青年缺血性脑卒中的病因及高危因素。方法 对68例住院青年缺血性卒中患者，分析其血压、血脂、血糖、血黏度、同型半胱氨酸（HCY）与脑卒中的关系。结果 有明确病因者60例,病因不清者8例，其中动脉粥样硬化45例，心源性脑栓塞12例，其他原因包括脑血管炎、烟雾病、偏头痛等共3例,主要危险因素:高血压病 (80.9%), ,高血脂 (73.5%),高同型半胱氨酸 (44.1%)，吸烟 (32.4%),家族史 (29.4%),饮酒史（26.5％），栓塞性血管病 (17.6%),糖尿病 (14.7%)。结论 动脉粥样硬化仍然是中青年人缺血性卒中的主要原因，高血压、高脂血症、吸烟、饮酒、糖尿病、高HCY等危险因素是促发中青年人动脉硬化的主要原因。     

青年缺血性脑卒中的病因及危险因素分析

目的探讨18～45岁青年缺血性脑卒中的病因、危险因素。方法回顾性分析106例缺血性脑卒中患者的临床资料、颈动脉超声、磁共振血管造影(MRA)、计算机断层扫描血管造影术(CTA)、数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查结果,分析患者的病因、分型,与同期同年龄组参加体检者对比发病危险因素。结果 106例患者中男性显著多于女性(P<0.05),低年龄段大动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死(LAA)、其他原因导致的脑梗死(SOE)的比例与高年龄段比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),分型中LAA29.2%,原因不明的脑梗死(SUE)25.4%,青年卒中组在高血压、高脂血症、吸烟、饮酒、肥胖、糖尿病、心脏病、高同型半胱氨酸方面与青年对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论大动脉粥样硬化性脑卒中、原因未明的脑卒中是青年缺血性脑卒中的主要病因,吸烟、高血压、高血脂、糖尿病、饮酒、心脏病是青年缺血性卒中的主要危险因素。     

青年脑出血危险因素分析

目的 探讨青年脑出血的危险因素.方法 回顾性分析180例青年脑出血患者（≤45岁）的病史[高血压、血管畸形、糖尿病、心脏病史、短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA）史、血脂异常史及家族史]及嗜好（吸烟、饮酒）.结果 高血压、血管畸形为青年脑出血的主要危险因素,而糖尿病、心脏病和TIA史并非青年脑卒中的主要危险因素.结论 高血压是青年脑出血的主要危险因素,脑血管畸形居第2位,高胆固醇血症、吸烟、饮酒及家族史与脑出血的发病有一定关系.     

大面积脑梗死危险因素调查及干预探讨

目的探讨大面积脑梗死的危险因素及干预措施。方法对大面积脑梗死组(40例)及对照组(191例)患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果两组的高血压、糖尿病、高血脂、冠心病、吸烟饮酒等卒中危险因素方面比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组风湿性心脏病、房颤所占比例高于对照组(P<0.05)。同时发现大面积脑梗死患者发病前大多未对卒中危险因素进行有效干预治疗。结论积极干预高危因素,可防止或减少大面积脑梗死的发生。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.