肺曲霉病外科治疗分析(附15例报告)

目的:探讨肺曲霉病的诊断、外科手术治疗原则、方法及效果。方法:回顾性分析我科2005年至2011年手术治疗的15例采用外科手术治疗的肺曲霉病患者的临床资料和随访结果。结果:15例患者术后证实均为曲霉病,术前诊断符合率为93.3%(14/15),影像学诊断符合率为73.3%(11/15),全组无手术死亡,随访4个月～6年无肺曲霉病复发和播散。结论:手术治疗肺曲霉病能消除症状,预防咯血复发,减少抗真菌药物对患者影响,可根治进而延长患者生命提高患者生活质量。因此,一旦确诊应积极手术治疗。     

Short- and long-term outcome after lung resection for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis

BACKGROUND: Lung resection for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is controversial. Neutropenia, thrombopenia and poor general condition may increase perioperative morbidity and mortality, and the redeeming benefit is questionable. Therefore we analyzed short- and long-term outcome after lung resection for IPA. METHODS: 41 patients with hematological disease underwent lung resection for suspected IPA: lobectomy (23 patients), wedge-resection (16) and enucleation (2). RESULTS: 4 (10%) patients developed major complications: pleural aspergillosis, bronchial stump insufficiency, severe bleeding, ARDS. 11 (27%) patients showed minor complications: pleural effusion (6), pneumothorax (2), seroma (2) and hematothorax (1). 30-day mortality was 10 % (4 of 41 patients): two died of bacterial septicemia, two of disseminated aspergillosis. One (2%) death was possibly surgery-related. IPA was cleared in 87% of patients, fungal relapse occurred in 4 (10%) patients. Overall survival was 65%, 58% and 40% at 6 months, 12 months and 5 years. CONCLUSION: Lung resection for IPA even in profound cytopenia is feasible with acceptable morbidity and mortality. Fungal infection can be cured in more than 80 % of patients. Long-term outcome can be achieved if the hematological disease is under control.     

Voriconazole treatment for subacute invasive and chronic pulmonary aspergillosis

Backround

Voriconazole is a novel triazole antifungal with a broad spectrum including Aspergillus species. We conducted an open, noncomparative multicenter study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of voriconazole in subacute invasive and chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA).

Methods

Patients without profound neutropenia and a proven or probable diagnosis of subacute invasive aspergillosis (IA) or CPA received voriconazole 200 mg twice daily for a period of 4-24 weeks as primary or salvage therapy. Dose escalation was allowed if efficacy was suboptimal, and toleration and safety were satisfactory. Response was assessed by clinical, radiological and mycological changes. A complete or partial response in subacute IA and improved or stable in CPA were assessed as favorable responses.

Results

Of 39 patients treated, 36 were assessable. The majority of patients had subacute IA (n = 21), proven in all 11 extra-pulmonary and in 23/25 (92%) of the pulmonary cases. Voriconazole was given as primary therapy in 22 (61%). All patients receiving salvage therapy (n = 14) had refractory IA, having failed itraconazole or amphotericin B (AmB) or both. Overall, a complete or partial response was seen in 9/21(43%) of subacute IA and improved or stable in 12/15 (80%) of those with CPA. Adverse events, mainly liver function test abnormalities, skin reactions, and visual disturbances were mild and transient, leading to early discontinuation of treatment in 5 cases.

Conclusions

In patients with subacute IA and CPA, voriconazole was efficacious as salvage or primary therapy.     

Pneumopericardium complicating invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: Case report and review

Summary Pneumopericardium, the presence of air in the pericardial space, is a rare disorder that is usually caused by trauma. We describe a patient given induction chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia who developed pulmonary aspergillosis that resulted in pericarditis and pneumopericardium. He responded to antifungal treatment and recovered from granulocytopenia, but died early during the next course of chemotherapy. Two other reported cases of pneumopericardium associated with pulmonary aspergillosis are summarized.

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Pneumoperikard als Komplikation einer invasiven Lungen-Aspergillose — Kasuistik und Übersicht —

Zusammenfassung Das selten vorkommende Pneumoperikard, definiert als Luftansammlung im Herzbeutel, wird meistens durch ein Trauma verursacht. Der Krankheitsverlauf eines mit Induktionschemotherapie wegen akuter myeloischer Leukämie behandelten Patienten wird beschrieben. Auf der Basis einer pulmonalen Aspergillusinfektion entwickelte sich eine Perikarditis und ein Pneumoperikard. Zwar konnte der Patient erfolgreich mit antimykotischer Therapie behandelt werden und erholte sich von seiner Granulozytopenie, verstarb jedoch im Verlauf der nachfolgenden Chemotherapie. Im weiteren werden aus der Literatur die Fälle von zwei anderen Patienten mit einem mit pulmonaler Aspergillose assoziierten Pneumoperikard erläutert.

     

52例侵袭性肺曲霉菌病临床分析

目的分析侵袭性肺曲霉菌病(IPA)的临床特征。方法对52例IPA患者的基础疾病、宿主因素、临床特征、治疗及转归进行回顾性分析。结果原发性IPA共8例,均获治愈;44例继发性IPA患者,治愈35例,死亡9例。恶性肿瘤放化疗、器官移植、慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重者中,继发性IPA的发病率较高,其临床表现主要有发热、咳嗽、咳痰、喘息、呼吸困难、咯血。IPA患者的肺CT改变呈多样性,并呈动态演变。结论原发性IPA一般预后良好,继发性IPA好发于免疫缺陷的患者,临床表现缺乏特异性,肺CT具备一定的特征,结合宿主因素,为早期治疗提供诊断依据,从而改善预后。     

侵袭性肺曲霉病的诊断与治疗

自从19世纪40年代，第1例侵袭性曲霉病（Invasive Aspergillosis）报道后，近年来，随着获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）以及恶性肿瘤患者的增多，骨髓和器官移植、肿瘤患者的放化疗及免疫抑制剂的应用，侵袭性曲霉病发病率急剧升高。1996年欧洲一项大样本的尸检结果显示，侵袭性曲霉病的发生率在12年内增加了近14倍。     

肺曲菌球的外科治疗（附182例报告）

目的探讨肺曲菌球的手术适应证及手术治疗效果。方法回顾性分析我院1975年9月至2008年1月经手术治疗的182例肺曲菌球患者资料,分为单纯性肺曲菌球组（SPA,n：42）和复合性肺曲菌球组（CPA,n;140）。行肺叶切除术146例,全肺切除13例,复合切除（肺叶＋肺段或楔形切除）11例,肺段切除7例,楔形切除5例。结果182例患者中治愈178例,治愈率97．8％。无手术死亡,术后发生并发症47例（25．8％）,包括出血5例,持续漏气10例,肺炎11例,肺复张不全8例,支气管胸膜瘘、脓胸3例,心律失常3例,肺脓肿5例,切口感染2例。SPA组术后并发症发生率低于CPA组（P〈0．05）。术后随访173例,随访4个月～5年无复发。结论外科手术为肺曲菌球的首选治疗方法。对于病程短、肺病变局限、胸膜粘连较轻的患者电视胸腔镜具有创伤小、恢复快、术后并发症少的优点是其最佳选择。     

Surgical resection for patients with pulmonary aspergillosis in the national inpatient sample

BackgroundThe role of lung resection in patients with pulmonary aspergillosis is generally reserved for those with localized disease who fail medical management. We used a national database to investigate the influence of preoperative patient comorbidities on inpatient mortality and need for surgery.MethodsPatients admitted with pulmonary aspergillosis between 2007 to 2015 were identified in the National Inpatient Sample dataset. Inpatient mortality rates were compared between patients treated medically and surgically. Predictors of mortality, surgical intervention, and non-elective admission were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsAmong a population estimate of 112,998 patients with pulmonary aspergillosis, 107,606 (95.2%) underwent medical management alone and 5,392 (4.8%) underwent surgical resection. Positive predictors for surgery included hemoptysis, and history of lung cancer or chronic pulmonary diseases. Surgically treated patients had a lower inpatient mortality when compared to those treated medically (11.5% vs. 15.1%, P<0.001) in univariate analysis, but this finding did not persist in multivariable analysis (AOR 0.97, P=0.509). The odds of mortality were lower in patients undergoing video assisted thoracoscopic surgery compared to an open approach (AOR 0.77, P=0.001). Among patients treated surgically, mortality was higher in those with a history of lung cancer, solid organ transplantation, liver disease, human immunodeficiency virus infection, hematologic diseases, chronic pulmonary diseases, and those admitted non-electively requiring surgery.ConclusionsIn this generalizable study, medical and surgical management of pulmonary aspergillosis were comparable in terms of inpatient mortality. However, non-elective admission and patients with select comorbidities have significantly worse outcomes after surgical intervention.     

Predicting outcome after lung resection for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with neutropenia

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To investigate the factors that predict survival after lung resection for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in patients with neutropenia, in order to assist the selection of patients who are most likely to have a successful outcome. DESIGN: Retrospective single-center study. SETTING: University hospital hemato-oncologic isolation unit and division of thoracic surgery. PATIENTS: Forty-one patients with hematologic disease and suspected IPA who underwent lung resection. INTERVENTIONS: Lobectomy (n = 23), wedge resection (n = 16), and enucleation (n = 2). RESULTS: Mortality within 30 days was 10% (4 of 41 patients). Major perioperative complications occurred in 10%. One death was possibly related to surgery (pleural aspergillosis). Of the patients with proven aspergillosis, 87.1% were cleared of infection, but fungal relapse occurred in 10%. Overall survival was 65% at 6 months, 58% at 12 months, and 40% at 5 years after surgery. Baseline characteristics and intraoperative data did not differ significantly between survivors and nonsurvivors at 6 months or 12 months after surgery. Perioperative complications did not significantly influence the outcome. Multivariate analysis of 12-month survival revealed that the variables, progression, or recurrence of the underlying hematologic disease (relative risk [RR], 4.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.51 to 5.77; p < 0.0001), fungal relapse (RR, 5.06; 95% CI, 3.83 to 6.28; p < 0.0001), and to a minor extent the type of the underlying hematologic disease (p < 0.018) were the most important predictors of patient survival. CONCLUSIONS: Lung resection for IPA is feasible with an acceptable operative risk. While at 10%, the perioperative mortality is considerable; the nonsurgical mortality is reported to be between 30% and 90%. Fungal infection is cleared in > 80% of patients. Mid- to long-term survival can be achieved if the underlying hematologic disease is under control. It is not yet possible to define a group of patients with IPA who are most likely to benefit from lung resection.     

侵袭性肺曲霉病49例临床分析

目的 通过分析侵袭性肺曲霉病(IPA)病例,提高IPA临床诊治水平.方法 回顾性分析49例IPA患者的人口学资料、宿主因素、基础疾病、胸部CT表现、微生物检验、组织病理学检查、治疗和转归.结果 49例IPA患者确诊19例(38.8%),临床诊断30例(61.2%).3例(6.1%)无宿主因素,与1PA相关的宿主因素和基础疾病25例(51.0%),关系不肯定的基础疾病2l例(42.9%).胸部CT表现:结节29例次,斑片影15例次,团块12例次,实变10例次,空洞34例次,晕征19例次,支气管充气征18例次,新月征6例次,双肺影33例次,多发病灶38例次.痰真菌培养阳性率为26.5%(13/49),支气管肺泡灌洗液真菌培养阳性率为66.7%(10/15),曲霉半乳甘露聚糖试验阳性率为30.6%(11/36),肺组织病理检查阳性率为90.5%(19/21).烟曲霉为主要病原菌81.0%(17/21).抗真菌药物初始治疗有效率为50%(21/42).结论 IPA患者胸部影像学表现以双肺、多发、结节影、空洞为主,晕征、新月征少见.侵袭性诊断技术具有较好的诊断价值.     

手术切除治疗肝血管平滑肌脂肪瘤2例报告

正肝血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(hepatic angimyolipoma,HAML)是一种少见的肝脏良性肿瘤,与其他肝脏肿瘤相鉴别具有一定难度,临床上主要依靠增强CT或磁共振成像(MRI)来辅助诊断[1-2]。据文献[3-4]报道女性HAML的发病率较高,有研究[5]显示女性患者体内雌激素及孕酮受体均为阴性,表明性激素在HAML的生长及发病机制中没有作用。本院手术切除     

侵袭性肺曲霉菌病的临床诊治进展

侵袭性肺曲霉菌病是深部真菌感染性疾病，近年来发病率大大增加，死亡率极高，传统的诊断方法非常困难，治疗效果不佳。近年来，该病在诊断治疗上有很大的进展，本文就此进行综述。     

无免疫功能缺陷者肺曲霉感染15例临床分析

目的 探讨无免疫功能缺陷患者肺曲霉感染的诊断及治疗.方法 回顾性分析1997年1月至2006年12月在北京军区总医院胸外科住院的15例肺曲霉感染患者的病历资料.结果 15例患者中男12例,女3例,年龄43～62岁,平均46.8岁.12例有肺部病变;2例肺内肿块影,CT显示有晕征;1 例左主支气管腔内可见曲霉.15例均无免疫功能缺陷.肺癌空洞伴曲菌球的术前、术后诊断符合率为100%.术前经细菌学诊断者仅3例,诊断为肺癌2例.手术治疗13例,其中12例恢复良好,无并发症;1例胸膜残腔感染经开窗引流和抗曲霉治疗,感染未能控制.1例仅行抗肿瘤治疗,1例猝死.结论 CT表现的晕征及组织学检查对疑有肺曲霉感染者的诊断有重要意义.基础性肺病变伴曲菌球和肿块表现的肺曲霉感染应积极手术治疗.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并变应性支气管肺曲霉病三例临床分析

目的 了解慢性阻塞性肺疾病(简称慢阻肺)合并变应性支气管肺曲霉病(ABPA)的临床表现及影像学特征,以提高认知水平.方法 回顾性分析北京同仁医院2009年1月至2012年12月诊断的3例慢阻肺合并ABPA病例的临床资料.结果 3例慢阻肺合并ABPA患者均为男性,年龄68 ～ 82岁,均以咳嗽、咳痰、活动后气短为主要表现,伴发作性喘息;既往均无支气管扩张症、支气管哮喘、变应性鼻炎、鼻窦炎及湿疹等疾病史及支气管哮喘家族史.均有吸烟史.肺功能检查显示阻塞性通气功能障碍,吸入支气管舒张剂后FEV1/FVC分别为30％、33％和43％,均符合慢阻肺的诊断标准,依据慢阻肺诊断、处理和预防全球策略的肺功能严重程度分级,1例为Ⅲ级,2例为Ⅳ级.高分辨率CT均显示肺气肿伴或不伴有肺大疱.3例均存在曲霉抗原皮试速发反应阳性,血清总IgE＞1000kU/L,血清曲霉特异性IgE增高(＞0.35 kU/L),血清曲霉特异性IgG增高(＞40 mg/L),高分辨率CT显示不同程度的支气管扩张.此外,3例的外周血嗜酸粒细胞比值均＞0.05,曾出现肺部浸润阴影,2例曾咳褐色痰栓,1例痰培养烟曲霉阳性,3例均符合ABPA的诊断标准.确诊后给予口服泼尼松治疗,呼吸困难和FEV1均明显改善.结论 慢阻肺合并ABPA在临床上较为少见,及时诊断和治疗有利于改善症状和预后.临床上对于反复出现发作性喘息及常规治疗不能控制的慢阻肺病例,应考虑有合并ABPA的可能性.     

53例肺部炎性假瘤的外科治疗

目的 探讨肺炎性假瘤的临床特点、诊断和治疗。方法 对临床资料回顾分析。结果 全组病人均行手术治疗并痊愈出院。结论 肺炎性假瘤是肺实质内的增生性肉芽肿,组织结构复杂、细胞成分多样化是其显微镜下特点。由于此病的临床表现和影像学检查缺乏特征,术前误诊率高,有必要提高对本病的认识。该瘤虽属良性,亦应尽早手术,手术方式以肿块切除或肺叶切除为主,术中病理检查是决定术式的重要依据。     

Successful treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in an immunocompetent host

Immunocompromised individuals are susceptible to pulmonary Aspergillus infection, but invasive Aspergillus infection is extremely rare in the presence of normal immunity. A case of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in an immunocompetent 57-year-old female who was successfully treated with liposomal amphotericin-B is reported here.