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1.
Summary A pot culture experiment was carried out to study the effects of land use history and inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumberinum Owen (Foc) on soil nematodes communities during the cucumber growing season in 2007. The results showed that land use history and inoculation
had significant effects on the abundance and diversity of soil nematodes. Bacterivores were found to be the most dominant
group in this study. Irrespective of inoculation, numbers of fungivores, plant-parasites and values of trophic diversity index
(TD) and plant-parasites index (PPI) were greater in greenhouse soils (GH) than in open field vegetable soils (OF) during
the growth period of cucumber. While, the number of omnivores-predators and values of richness (SR) and maturity index (MI)
presented an opposite trend. Foc inoculation had noticeable effects on numbers of plant-parasites and some taxa, such as Helicotylenchus, Epidorlaimus at flowering stage and Aphelenchus, Tobrilus at fruiting stage. Besides, inoculation significantly affected values of PPI at flowering stage and TD at fruiting stage,
respectively. The faunal analysis showed that soil food web in GH was highly disturbed and in OF was degraded. 相似文献
2.
D. Konjević M. Špakulová R. Beck M. Goldová K. Severin J. Margaletić K. Pintur T. Keros S. Perić 《Helminthologia》2007,44(1):34-36
Summary The present study reports for the first time on the helminth species occurring in the gastro-intestinal system of fat dormice
(Glis glis) in Croatia. Out of 55 dormice, 63.7 % harboured helminths belonging to two species, the nematode Paraheligmonina gracilis (syn. Longistriata elpatievskii) (Heligmonellidae, Trichostrogyloidea) in the prevalence of 52.7 %, and the cestode Hymenolepis sulcata (Hymenolepididae, Cyclophyllidea) in the prevalence of 32.7 %. Concurrent infections of both parasites were found in 12 fat
dormice, P. gracilis alone was detected in 17 hosts and H. sulcata alone in 6 samples. No influence of parasitic infestation on animal weight was observed. Glirid helminths do not represent
zoonotic pathogens despite the fact that dormice occasionally inhabit cottages and village houses, and are used in human nutrition. 相似文献
3.
4.
Summary A survey for presence of Xiphinema species was undertaken in the viticulture areas of Tyrnavos, Thessally, Greece. Soil samples were collected from existing
vineyards and from fields where grapevines had been uprooted and were currently under fallow or a cereal crop. The species
X. index, X. italiae and X. pachtaicum were present in 37% of the samples with a prevalence of the last two species in uprooted fields. The occurrence of X. italiae in association with light sandy soils is discussed and compared with similar findings from other Greek grapevine areas. 相似文献
5.
E. Karanastasi I. L. P. M. da Conceição M. C. V. dos Santos E. A. Tzortzakakis I. M. de O. Abrantes 《Helminthologia》2008,45(1):52-53
Summary The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne arenaria was found in Greece infecting balm (Melissa officinalis L.) and grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). The isolate from balm was M. arenaria while the one from grapevine was a mixture of M. arenaria and M. javanica (prevalent species). This is the first report of the M. arenaria species in the country in which identification was based on biochemical methods and its occurrence on balm is a new host
record. 相似文献
6.
A pot experiment on potato was carried out to verify the nematicidal effect of four composts of different origin (C1: 70 %
horse manure + 15 % sugar beet pomace + 5 % poultry manure + 10% grape pomace; C2: 100 % pig manure decomposed by juveniles
of Musca domestica; C3: 100 % vermicompost from medical plants wastes; C4: 100% vermicompost from cattle manure) on the potato cyst nematodes
G. rostochiensis (Ro1) and G. pallida (Pa2 and Pa3). Composts at different rates (1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 % w/w) were mixed with the nematode infested soils. Pots with
unamended soils were used as control. Pots (4 l) were arranged in a glasshouse according to a randomized block design with
four replications per each treatment. A significant reduction in number of cysts, eggs and juveniles/cyst and eggs and juveniles/g
soil was observed in each compost in comparison to unamended soil. The suppressive nematode effect increased according to
the compost NH4+ content and compost rate. 相似文献
7.
8.
Summary Two experiments were carried out to assess the efficacy of different chemicals (azoxystrobin, fosthiazate, metham-sodium)
and of the chitinolytic fungus Aphanocladium album (isolate MX-95), that could be alternatives to methyl bromide, against the soil borne pathogen Pyrenochaeta lycopersici and the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on tomato in a plastic house in southern Italy. In the first trial, the treatments were azoxystrobin (1.25 l a.i. /ha), fosthiazate
(1.5 l a.i. /ha) and biological control agent Aphanocladium album isolate MX-95 (2.5 l/plot at 2×107 CFU/ml; plot surface 96 m2). In the second experiment, treatments were metham-sodium (1000 l c.p./ha) and A. album (5 l/plot at 1×107 CFU/ml). In both trials, chemicals and the fungus were applied by via sub-irrigation. Satisfactory control of the corky root
and the root-knot nematode attack and a significant yield increase were obtained by application of azoxystrobin, fosthiazate
and metham-sodium. A significant reduction of M. incognita soil population density occurred in plots treated with A. album. Also, high positive correlations were found between the symptoms caused on tomato roots by M. incognita and P. lycopersici. 相似文献
9.
Summary A total of 21 pupfish Cyprindon meeki was collected from the spring Abraham González, Durango, Mexico. Seven helminth taxa were recovered: Salsuginus angularis, Posthodiplostomum minimum, Clinostomum complanatum, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, Cyclustera cf. ralli, Atactorhynchus duranguensis and Spiroxys sp. Among them, B. acheilognathi and A. duranguensis were the most frequent and abundant species. The remaining species were rare and found at low mean abundance. The observed
species richness, individual parasite abundance, and diversity were low at component community and infracommunity levels.
These features are in accordance with those recorded for other freshwater fish species in the Nearctic part of Mexico. Host
feeding habits, along with its role as intermediate host, are suggested as the main factors in determining the helminth community
structure in this fish species. 相似文献
10.
Summary The helminth community of the Mediterranean mouse, Mus spretus, was analysed in a post-fire regenerated Mediterranean ecosystem. The study was carried out in the Spanish Natural Park of
the Serra Calderona and comprised a 13 year period, from the 2nd to the 14th year after a wildfire. A total of 121 host individuals was analysed, 66 mice from the burned area and 55 from the non-burned
area used as control. The results show a helminth community consisting of 10 helminth species, characterised by low diversity,
with Syphacia obvelata as the only dominant helminth species. The helminth infracommunity, determined by its origin of capture, burned or non-burned
areas, shows some significant differences. It is concluded that the helminth community of the Mediterranean mouse could be
considered as a potential biological tag of the post-fire regeneration in Mediterranean ecosystems and therefore might explain
some of the changes occurring and their repercussions in perturbed areas. 相似文献
11.
Summary Morphological features of adult specimens of Ascaridia hermaphrodita and A. platyceri (Nematoda: Ascaridida), parasitizing parrots (Psittaciformes), were studied for the first time using scanning electron microscopy.
The morphology of A. hermaphrodita, the type species of Ascaridia, coincides fully with the generic diagnosis. The shape of the labial inner structure (two spoon-like projections), cervical
alae and spicule with cuticular wings were typical for this species. A. hermaphrodita has been found in the Czech Republic for the first time in a new host, Amazona pretrei, from Brazil. The morphology of Ascaridia platyceri does not correspond with the generic diagnosis in all aspects, as some variation was found, mainly in the presence of interlabia,
small teeth in the inner ribbon of the lips and long lateral alae. These morphological characteristics in other species of
Ascaridia are discussed. The generic diagnosis is to include the statement “interlabia very rarely present”. 相似文献
12.
B. L. Zheng L. H. Xiao X. R. Wang D. M. Li Y. X. Lu Y. Zhang Q. B. Yan M. X. Song 《Helminthologia》2007,44(3):120-125
Summary To study the function of the 49 kDa excretory-secretory (ES) protein gene (P49) of Trichinella, the genes was amplified by RT-PCR from RNA of Trichinella spiralis and Trichinella nativa and several Chinese Trichinella isolates of domestic animals, and sequenced after being cloned. The amplified products of these parasites produced bands
of about 950 bp. The 97.2 % to 100 % nucleotides identity and 94.3 % to 100 % identity of deduced amino acids among P49 gene
of these Trichinella strains showed the close relationship of these parasites. The P49 gene of T. nativa was cloned into the BamHI site of the prokaryotic expression vector pET-30a, and the recombinant vector was expressed. The
expressed product was 40.8 kDa in size. In Western blot analysis, the expressed product was reactive to sera of mice infected
with T. nativa, T. spiralis and their Chinese geographical strains. 相似文献
13.
A one-year-old female Shetland Sheepdog was presented with chronic cough. The patient exhibited tachypnea and moist cough,
bronchoscopic examination revealed a hyperaemic trachea and mucopurulent exudate affecting the lower bronchi. Nematode parasites
were observed during bronchoscopy and were collected by bronchoalveolar lavage. Microscopic examination of the collected fluid
confirmed C. vulpis infection; L1 larvae were found in during coproscopy. Although other cases of canine C. vulpis infection have been previously recorded in Europe, the case reported herein is the first in a dog from Czech Republic. 相似文献
14.
Summary The prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis in 214 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in the southern part of Poland (Małopolskie voivodship) was evaluated post mortem in 2005. Infected foxes were found in
8 districts within 17 examined, with the prevalence from 10.0 % to 63.9 % (a mean 20.1 % in the whole study area). The highest
prevalence (41.2 % and 63.9 %) was revealed in two districts, in the south and the east of the province, respectively. The
high prevalence of E. multilocularis in red foxes in the region previously recognised as that of low parasite endemicity provides evidence for the need of regular
screening of the current epidemiological situation in foxes as well as the monitoring of humans from risk groups for early
recognition of possible AE cases. 相似文献
15.
E. Gjurčević Z. Petrinec Z. Kozarić S. Kužir V. Gjurčević Kantura M. Vučemilo P. Džaja 《Helminthologia》2007,44(4):214-216
Summary The presence of metacercariae of Centrocestus formosanus was detected on the gills of goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) imported from Singapore and obtained from two pet shops. This is the first report of the parasite in Croatia. The histopathological
changes observed lead to the conclusion that the infection could be one of the reasons for the death of goldfish. 相似文献
16.
Summary The genetic identification and distribution of Anisakis larvae in Indonesia is described. 110 Auxis rochei rochei and 45 Decapterus russellii were sampled from fish markets in North (Anturan) and South (Kedonganan) Bali. Nematode larvae from A. rochei rochei, Caesio cuning and Epinephelus areolatus from Kedonganan and from Coryphaena hippurus from Pelabuhan Ratu, South Java, were identified using sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS-1, ITS-2)
and 5.8S region of rDNA. The larvae belonged to Anisakis typica with an identical sequence to this species from the spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris) from Brazil, and to 2 further genotypes that differed from that sequence by 0.24–0.47 %. A. typica occurred in the migratory A. rochei rochei and C. hippurus, while Anisakis sp. 1 and 2 were isolated from the same fish species and the non-migratory C. cuning and E. areolatus. The latter genotype is distinguishable by 4 positions in the ITS-1 region (1.1 %), a genetic distance that indicates the
presence of an Indonesian A. typica sibling species. The musculature infection in A. rochei rochei was low (2.5 %), indicating no major risk for the fish consumers. The much higher A. typica infection of fish intermediate hosts in the northern Bali coast is suggested to be dependent on the large dolphin population
(nematode final hosts) in the waters off Lovina Beach (North Bali). 相似文献
17.
Summary A male specimen of Dracunculus (Nematoda: Dracunculidae), collected in 1973 from the lung of the Papuan olive python Apodora papuana (Peters et Doria) and now deposited in the helminthological collection of the Natural History Museum in London, is identified
as Dracunculus mulbus Jones et Mulder, 2007, a species recently described from the water python Liasis fuscus Peters in northern Australia. Apodora papuana is a new host record for D. mulbus and Papua New Guinea is apparently a new geographical record. 相似文献
18.
G. Bagrade V. Šnábel T. Romig J. Ozoliņš M. Hüttner M. Miterpáková D. Ševcová P. Dubinský 《Helminthologia》2008,45(4):157-161
Summary 45 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from various regions of Latvia were examined by necropsy between 2003 and 2008 for the presence and infection intensity
of Echinococcus multilocularis. The overall prevalence was 35.6 %, with the intensity of infection ranging from 1 to 1438. Although a limited number of
foxes were examined, the prevalence was high and infected animals were found throughout the country. Considering the increasing
number of humans infected with echinococcosis in Latvia since 2002, the situation is highly suggestive of a recent emergence
of E. multilocularis. DNA sequences of four fox isolates were examined by multilocus analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear genes (cox1, nad1, rrnS, atp6, actII). All isolates were allocated to the predominant genetic form in Europe, with partial affinity of one isolate to a genotype
that had previously been reported from southern Germany. 相似文献
19.
Summary
Pomphorhynchus laevis (Müller, 1776) was recovered from Marsh frogs (Rana ridibunda), collected in three localities, Yesilirmak River (Amasya Province), Civril Isikli Lake and Bagbasi district (Denizli Province)
from Turkey. This is the first report of Pomphorhynchus laevis from a frog in Turkey. 相似文献
20.
Summary The environmental conditions in Slovenia are relatively favourrable for the colonisation and spread of the pine wood nematode
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, a very dangerous pathogenic species which was recently identified in Europe in Portugal. To determine the presence of B. xylophilus in Slovenia and to introduce proper measures against its emergence and spread, a survey of Bursaphelenchus species was conducted in Slovenia from 2002 to 2005. Approximately 120 ha of conifer forests in Slovenia were surveyed for
the presence of Bursaphelenchus species. In total, 206 wood samples were taken from the conifer forests. B. hofmanni, B. mucronatus were found for the first time in Slovenia, while B. xylophilus was not detected. Additionally, the species Aphelenchoides stammeri which is morphologically very similar to Bursaphelencus was found. All species have been described morphologically and characterized by ITS-RFLP analysis. Sequences of ribosomal
DNA for B. hofmanni, B. mucronatus were analysed. 相似文献