急性闭合性胰腺损伤的CT诊断

目的 评价螺旋CT双期增强扫描对急性闭合性胰腺损伤的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析21例临床资料完整的急性闭合性胰腺损伤的CT征象.结果 本组21 例中胰头损伤5例,胰体尾部损伤16例.胰挫伤或挫裂伤11 例(11/21),占52.38 %,胰内血肿6 例(6/21),占28.57 %,胰腺横断4 例(4/21),占19.05 %.增强扫描门脉期对胰腺实质的损伤灶显示达100%.均未能直接显示胰管断裂征象.结论 CT检查对急性闭合性胰腺损伤的诊断具有重要价值.     

超声胃镜与ERCP诊断慢性胰腺炎的对比研究

为探讨超声胃镜 (EUS)及其与ERCP联合应用对慢性胰腺炎的诊断价值 ,回顾分析 1993年 1月～ 2 0 0 1年 5月长海医院收治的慢性胰腺炎 2 6 2例 ,其中同时行ERCP和EUS检查者共 6 0例。EUS检查提示胰腺形态不规则、回声不均匀 ,胰管扩张、狭窄、扭曲 ,胰管结石 ,胰腺钙化 ,胰腺囊肿并诊断为慢性胰腺炎 4 9例 (81 7% ) ;ERCP诊断慢性胰腺炎 5 2例 (86 7% ) ;ERCP发现胰管改变 ,而EUS未见异常 6例 ,两者诊断符合率为 90 % ;ERCP和EUS联合诊断慢性胰腺炎 5 9例 (98 3% ) ,同单独ERCP或EUS检查诊断准确率相比差异有显著性意义(P <0 0 5 )。提示EUS对慢性胰腺炎有较高的诊断特异性和准确性 ,与ERCP联合应用可显著提高诊断准确率 ,有助于慢性胰腺炎的早期诊断。     

螺旋CT对急性胰腺炎的诊断价值

目的评价螺旋CT对急性胰腺炎的诊断价值。方法对经临床及手术明确诊断的56例急性胰腺炎CT表现进行分析。结果急性水肿型胰腺炎53例,急性坏死型胰腺炎3例;CT表现为胰腺弥漫性或局限性增大,胰周脂肪间隙模糊、胰周渗液、肾筋膜增厚。胰腺内低密度灶20例,假性囊肿形成6例,胆道结石28例。53例急性水肿型胰腺炎和1例坏死型胰腺炎保守治疗痊愈,2例坏死型胰腺炎手术治疗痊愈。25例合并胆道结石者行腹腔镜手术。结论螺旋CT诊断急性胰腺炎及其并发症是最有效的方法,而且对急性胰腺炎的临床治疗有着重要的指导意义。     

微创腹腔灌洗对重症急性胰腺炎治疗的效果观察

目的探讨微创腹腔灌洗在急性重症胰腺炎治疗中的临床疗效。方法通过对43例重症急性胰腺炎患者应用中心静脉置管进行腹腔灌洗引流,观察临床疗效。结果34例无并发症痊愈出院,治愈率达79.1%;5例出现胰腺假性囊肿,占总患者的12%,2例因腹腔感染形成胰腺脓肿,占4.7%;2例死于多器官功能衰竭,占4.7%。总治愈率95.3%,病死率4.7%。结论 腹腔灌洗可明显降低患者死亡率,减少并发症,提高治愈率。     

重症急性胰腺炎术后并发急性胃粘膜损害大出血19例临床分析

198 5 - 10～ 2 0 0 0 - 12我院收治经外科手术治疗重症急性胰腺炎 (ＳＡＰ)术后并发急性胃粘膜损害 (ＡＧＭＬ)大出血 19例 ,现将有关资料分析如下。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料 :经外科手术证实为ＳＡＰ 6 8例 ,术后发生ＡＧＭＬ大出血 19例 (2 7.94 % ) ,男性 11例 ,女性 8例 ,年龄 2 6～ 77岁 ,中位数年龄 5 7.6 6岁。其中胆源性胰腺炎 14例。胰腺松动 ,胰包膜切开胰腺坏死组织清除 ,胰床灌洗 ,“三造口”术 12例 (6 3.2 % ) ;胰腺松动、胰包膜切开引流、胆总管引流 7例 (36 .9% )。术后合并肺损害 16例 ;肝功肾功不全 12例 ;脑病 5例 ;伤…     

多层螺旋CT诊断急性胰腺炎的临床价值分析

目的探讨CT诊断急性胰腺炎患者的临床应用价值。方法对在我院接受诊断与治疗的急性胰腺炎患者采用多层螺旋CT进行检查,并与临床病理确诊结果进行对比分析,为临床诊断与治疗提供准确直观的依据。结果对急性胰腺炎患者的多层螺旋CT影像学检查结果进行分析发现,72例患者中急性水肿型52例,占72.22%(52/72);出血坏死型20例,占27.78%(20/72)。对手术病理分析结果及保守治疗穿刺检查结果进行分析发现经临床确诊为急性水肿型患者52例,出血坏死性20例,多层螺旋CT检查结果与病理确诊结果一致,多层螺旋CT诊断准确率达100.00%(72/72)。结论多层螺旋CT检查急性胰腺炎简便、有效能够做出准确的诊断。     

背景信号抑制磁共振弥散加权成像对急性胰腺炎的诊断价值

目的 探讨背景信号抑制磁共振弥散加权成像(diffusion weighted imaging with background signal suppression,DWIBS)检查对急性胰腺炎的诊断价值.方法 对81例急性胰腺炎患者及93例正常对照组进行常规MRI和DWIBS检查,测量DWIBS图像上胰腺及肝脏的信号强度,计算胰腺与肝脏的相对信号强度比(SIR).结果 DWIBS显示急性胰腺炎患者胰腺的信号强度明显高于肝脏(SIR=2.38),正常对照组的胰腺与肝脏信号相似(SIR=1.33),两者差异具有统计学意义(t=-17.889,P<0.01).SIR值的ROC曲线分析显示,DWIBS序列的曲线下面积0.983,当诊断界值SIR> 1.67时灵敏度为93.83%,特异度为91.4%,Youden指数0.85.预设的DWIBS专用窗位30,窗宽60有助于病变的显示.常规MRI检查的阳性率为88.9%,DWIBS检查的阳性率为97.5%(P<0.05).结论 DWIBS结合常规MRI检查可明显提高急性胰腺炎的检出率.     

急性胰腺炎CT诊断

目的:研究急性胰腺炎的CT征象及诊断价值.材料和方法:对85例急性胰腺炎采取5mm～10mm间隔平扫及增强扫描,对胰周液体聚集者作扩大区域扫描.结果:急性胰腺炎CT表现为不同程度的胰腺肿胀(83/85),胰腺坏死(44/85),胰周积液(46/85),胰腺脓肿(14/85).结论:CT检查在急性胰腺炎的确诊和监测病情的发展等方面有较大实用价值.     

CT灌注成像对急性重型胰腺炎发生胰腺坏死的早期预测价值

目的 探讨CT灌注成像(CTP)预测急性重型胰腺炎发生胰腺坏死的价值.方法 20例诊断为急性胰腺炎的患者,起病3天之内行CTP,观察有无胰腺缺血.20例胰腺正常的对照组同样行CTP.3周后对20例急性胰腺炎患者复查CT增强扫描观察有无胰腺坏死.结果 对照组CT显示胰腺血流量(PBF)和胰腺血容量(PBV)总是大于肝脏血流量(HBF)和肝脏血容量(HBV) (P ＜0.01).以对照组的扫描结果为标准,当PBF和PBV小于HBF和HBV时,认为存在胰腺缺血(P＜0.01).20例患者中10例存在胰腺缺血.3周后,存在胰腺缺血的10例患者中,有9例发生胰腺坏死;10例未发现胰腺缺血的患者均表现为急性水肿型胰腺炎,未发生胰腺坏死.CTP预测胰腺坏死的敏感度为100％,特异度为90.9％.结论 CTP能早期发现胰腺缺血,预测胰腺坏死,可以作为评价急性重型胰腺炎预后的临床指标.     

200例海岛渔民肝硬变病因分析

为了解海岛渔民肝硬变发病的原因 ,我们收集了本院1995年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 1月住院的肝硬变患者共 2 5 0例 ,对其中渔民肝硬变 2 0 0例的病因进行分析 ,结果报告如下。一、对象与方法1.对象 :35～ 5 0岁 12 7例 ,占 6 3.5 % ;5 1～ 6 6岁 73例 ,占 36 .5 %。男 185例 ,占 92 .5 % ;女 15例 ,占 7.5 %。海上作业情况 ,每年连续在海上作业 :3～ 6个月 91例占 4 5 .5 % ,7～ 12个月 6 3例占 31.5 %。渔村居民 4 6例占 2 3.0 %。工作性质 :海上捕鱼 12 5例占 6 2 .5 % ,海上运输 5 6例占 2 8.0 % ,近海岸工作 19例占 9.5 %。入院时病程 :一年以…     

急性胰腺炎37例治疗分析

目的 研究３７例急性胰腺炎（ａｃｕｔｅ ｐａｎｃｒｅａｔｉｔｉｓ,ＡＰ）的治疗经过,提出治疗方案。方法 总结本组临床资料,以ＡＰ的临床诊断标准,＾〖１〗将其分为轻型急性胰腺炎（ｍｉｌｄ ａｃｕｔｅ ｐａｎｃｒｅａｔｉｔｉｓ,ＭＡＰ）和重症急性胰腺炎（ｓｅｖｅｒｅ ａｃｕｔｅ ｐａｎｃｒｅａｔｉｔｉｓ,ＳＡＰ）两组进行分析。结果 ＭＡＰ患者２９例,均保守治疗成功治愈率１００％;ＳＡＰ患者８例,治愈６     

Acute pancreatitis due to ascariasis: a sonographic pictorial essay on four cases

Ascariasis is the commonest helminthic disease to infect humans. Due to their wandering nature, the roundworms from the second part of the duodenum migrate through the biliary opening into the hepatobiliary and pancreatic ducts. Ascariasis is the most common parasitic cause of pancreatitis in endemic region. Pancreatitis can result due to pancreatic ascariasis, biliary ascariasis or both. Pancreatitis due to ascariasis can be severe and life-threatening. We present a pictorial essay of acute pancreatitis due to ascariasis on four cases.     

肾前筋膜增厚的CT表现对鉴别诊断胰腺炎与胰腺癌的价值

目的：评价肾前筋膜增厚的CT表现在鉴别胰腺炎与胰腺癌诊断中的价值。方法：回顾性分析63例临床及CT复查证实为胰腺炎的肾前筋膜增厚征象，并与25例手术病理证实为胰腺癌的CT表现对照。胰腺炎中43例及25例胰腺癌做平扫加增强，20例胰腺炎仅做平扫。结果：胰腺炎组肾前筋膜增厚59例（占93％），其中急性胰腺炎肾前筋膜增厚49例（占98％），慢性胰腺炎肾前筋膜增厚10例（占77％）。胰腺癌25例中，1例肾前筋膜增厚，占4％。结论：肾前筋膜增厚的征象对胰腺炎与胰腺癌的诊断有鉴别意义。     

CT对急性胰腺炎的诊断价值

目的评价CT在急性胰腺炎诊断和分型中的作用。方法95例经临床与手术证实的急性胰腺炎患者均进行屏气CT扫描,其中,14例进行增强扫描,30例患者进行多次扫描。结果本组95例中,80例诊断为急性水肿型胰腺炎,表现为胰腺肿大水肿,胰周间隙和肾旁前间隙蜂窝织炎,实质密度不均匀,另15例诊断为出血坏死型胰腺炎,除有上述表现外,还可见出血坏死区域。结论CT对急性胰腺炎的诊断和分型具有重要作用。     

Limitation of CT in diagnosis of pancreatic cancer

The differentiation of pancreatic abnormalities remains a problem. We analyzed the sensitivity and specificity of computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of pancreatic disease, using six radiologists who had less than six months' training in CT (resident level: inexperienced) and six who had more than 12 months' training (staff level: experienced) in order to clarify the difficulty with CT in the qualitative diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. We reviewed retrospectively 100 cases: 28 cases of pancreatic cancer, 15 of chronic pancreatitis, three of acute pancreatitis, 12 of neoplastic disease that involved the pancreas, and 42 normal subjects. The average sensitivity and specificity of CT in the diagnosis of pancreatic disease were 81.3% and 84.4%, respectively, for the experienced radiologists and 64.0% and 82.1%, respectively, for the inexperienced radiologists. The averages for pancreatic cancer were 65.3% and 87.8% for the experienced radiologists and 60.7% and 87.3% for the inexperienced radiologists. We conclude that the ability to detect pancreatic abnormalities improves with training and experience, but diagnosis of pancreatic cancer does not improve after a certain level of expertise.     

CT对急性坏死性胰腺炎的分类与预后评价

根据ＣＴ表现，对１２２例急性坏死性胰腺炎进行了分类并分析与预后的关系。结果：Ⅰ类３１例，无并发症，预后佳；Ⅱ类６０例，Ⅲ类２５例，死亡率分别为１５％和５６％；Ⅳ类６例均死亡。表明ＣＴ表现分类与病情预后有较密切的关系，为临床诊断治疗急性坏死性胰腺炎提供了重要依据。     

Root of the superior mesenteric artery in pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma: evaluation with CT

To determine if changes involving the root of the superior mesenteric artery are specific for neoplasm, the authors retrospectively reviewed 173 computed tomographic (CT) examinations of patients with proved pancreatitis (103 examinations) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (70 examinations). Streaky infiltration of the fat surrounding the root was seen in 27 of 56 examinations of acute pancreatitis, in four of 24 examinations of chronic pancreatitis, in 12 of 23 examinations of pancreatitis complicated by abscess, and in 25 of 70 examinations of pancreatic carcinoma. Periarterial lymph nodes were visible in 14 with acute pancreatitis, in three with chronic pancreatitis, in six with pancreatic abscess, and in 11 with pancreatic carcinoma. A focal mass extended to within 1 cm of the root in 10 with acute pancreatitis, in two with chronic pancreatitis, in four with pancreatic abscess, and in 24 with pancreatic carcinoma; the mass obliterated the periarterial fat in seven with acute pancreatitis, in one with pancreatic abscess, and in 18 with pancreatic carcinoma. Circumferential encasement occurred in one with chronic pancreatitis, in four with pancreatic abscess, in 14 with pancreatic carcinoma, and in none with acute pancreatitis; nearly all cases of encasement revealed loss of periarterial fat. Thus, these indicators are not specific for neoplasm.     

Serial contrast-enhanced MRI of the pancreas: correlation with secretin-stimulated endoscopic pancreatic function test

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the pancreatic enhancement on serial contrast-enhanced MRI (CEMRI) and pancreatic exocrine function using the secretin-stimulated endoscopic pancreatic function test (ePFT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 patients with clinical symptoms consistent with chronic pancreatitis underwent CEMRI of the abdomen and ePFT within a 1- to 4-week interval. CEMRI was performed in arterial, early venous, and late venous phases. Secretin ePFT was performed with the measurement of HCO(3) concentration from the duodenal aspirates after secretin stimulation. Contrast enhancement ratio of the arterial phase to early venous phase was measured on CEMRI (SIRa/SIRv). A three-point evaluation system was used for grading the HCO(3) concentration and the enhancement ratio on MRI. For the significance of correlation, kappa statistics was used. Sensitivity and specificity of CEMRI was determined for the diagnosis of early chronic pancreatitis accepting ePFT as a reference. RESULTS: Twenty patients had identical scores on both secretin ePFT and CEMRI. Ten patients revealed discrepancy in scores. Kappa statistics revealed moderate agreement between MRI and ePFT (kappa = 0.44). Sensitivity and specificity values for the diagnosis of pancreatitis were 82% and 57%, respectively. Positive predictive value was 56%, and negative predictive value was 86%. CONCLUSION: The results of our data indicate that serial CEMRI is an appropriate imaging technique to rule out early chronic pancreatitis. However, secretin-stimulated imaging or ePFT may still be needed for the definite diagnosis of pancreatic exocrine dysfunction.     

儿童急性胰腺炎的CT表现

目的：探讨儿童急性胰腺炎的CT特征及其CT检查价值。材料和方法：回顾性分析58例临床确诊的急性胰腺炎病例的临床和CT资料。结果：单纯水肿型胰腺炎43例（占74．1％），出血坏死型胰腺炎15例（占25．9％）。儿童胰腺炎CT表现包括：①胰腺本身改变：胰腺局部或弥漫性增大46例（占79．3％），密度改变18例（占31％），胰腺断裂2例（占3．4％），胰腺包膜掀起6例（占10．3％）。②胰外改变：主要为胰外积液，共38例占（65．5％）。胰外积液中以肾旁前间隙积液最多，有30例（占51．7％），小网膜囊积液次之，为26例（占44．8％）。③并发症：包括假性囊肿14例（占24．1％）、脓肿1例（占1．7％）等。结论：儿童胰腺炎胰腺坏死的发生率低，并发假性囊肿、脓肿较少，但胰外积液的发生率高。CT对儿童胰腺炎的诊断、病情监测、治疗评估等都有很大意义。     

胰腺损伤的救治(附26例报告)

目的　探讨胰腺损伤的救治方法。方法　回顾性分析 2 6例胰腺损伤的临床资料。结果　 2 6例中合并伤 2 2例 (84 .6 % ) ,其中尤以肝、胃损伤多见。手术 2 1例 ,保守治疗 5例 ;并发症 10例 ,其中胰瘘 4例 ,外伤性胰腺炎 2例 ,腹腔脓肿 1例 ,胰腺假性囊肿 3例。治愈 2 2例 ;死亡 4例 ,其中 2例在伤后 4 8小时内分别死于急性呼吸窘迫综合征 (ARDS)和多器官功能不全综合征 (MODS)。结论　及时判明有无主胰管损伤 ,用适当的手术方式、通畅的引流、恰当的药物治疗是减少其并发症、降低死亡率、加快康复的关键。