miR-182靶向调控PI3K/AKT/FOXO3a信号通路对胶质瘤干细胞生物学行为的影响及其机制研究

目的 观察miR-182靶向调控PI3K/AKT/FOXO3a信号通路对胶质瘤干细胞(GSCs)生物学行为的影响,并研究其作用机制.方法 成功从胶质瘤患者病灶组织中分离出GSCs并予以培养、传代及鉴定,分为空白对照组(生理盐水溶液)、miR-182 mimics组(细胞转染miR-182 mimics)及阴性对照组(细...     

GOLM1调控PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号转导通路促进肺腺癌细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移的机制研究

背景与目的：高尔基体膜蛋白1(Golgi membrane protein 1,GOLM1)在肺腺癌中发挥促癌作用,但对肺腺癌细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移的影响及其作用机制尚不明确。探究GOLM1对肺腺癌细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移的影响及其作用机制。方法：选取2019年4月—2021年4月在克拉玛依市中心医院行手术切除的肺腺癌患者的癌组织及相应癌旁组织标本各90例,采用免疫组织化学法检测肺腺癌组织和癌旁组织中GOLM1的表达,并分析肺腺癌组织中GOLM1表达与临床病理学特征的关系。采用蛋白质印迹法（Western blot）检测人肺上皮细胞系BEAS-2B及人肺腺癌H460、A549、PG49、H1299细胞系中GOLM1的表达。取对数生长期的肺腺癌A549细胞,随机分为空白组（细胞未转染）、GOLM1小干扰RNA阴性对照（small interfering RNA negative control,si-NC）组（细胞转染si-NC）、GOLM1小干扰RNA(GOLM1 small interferingRNA,si-GOLM1)组（细胞转染si-GOLM1）、胰岛素样生长因子-1(insulin...     

Reversal of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2)-mediated drug resistance by novobiocin, a coumermycin antibiotic

Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) of an ATP-binding cassette half-transporter confers resistance against mitoxantrone and camptothecin derivatives of topotecan and irinotecan. Novobiocin, a coumermycin antibiotic, is known to enhance anticancer drug sensitivity of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, the mechanism of which remains undetermined. Here we focused on drug efflux pump and examined whether novobiocin reversed drug resistance in multidrug-resistant cells highly expressing BCRP. To explore the reversal mechanisms, intracellular drug accumulation was measured by flow cytometry, and a topotecan transport study using plasma membrane vesicles was performed. We used PC-6/SN2-5H2 small cell lung cancer and MCF-7/MX breast cancer cells selected with SN-38 of the active irinotecan metabolite and mitoxantrone, respectively, and the BCRP cDNA transfectant MCF-7/clone 8 cells. These cells expressed high levels of BCRP mRNA but not other known transporters. Compared to the parental PC-6 cells, PC-6/SN2-5H2 cells were 141-, 173- and 57.2-fold resistant to topotecan, SN-38 and mitoxantrone, respectively. Novobiocin at 60 microM decreased the degree of the above resistance by approximately 26-fold in PC-6/SN2-5H2 cells, and similarly reversed resistance in MCF-7/MX, MCF-7/clone 8 and un-selected NCI-H460 cells highly expressing BCRP. Furthermore, novobiocin increased the intracellular topotecan accumulation in these cells and inhibited the topotecan transport into the membrane vesicles of PC-6/SN2-5H2 cells. No effects of novobiocin in these assay were observed in the parental PC-6 and MCF-7 cells. The kinetic parameters in the transport study indicated that novobiocin was a inhibitor for BCRP, resulting in competitive inhibition of BCRP-mediated topotecan transport. These findings suggest that novobiocin effectively overcomes BCRP-mediated drug resistance at acceptable concentrations.     

基于EPID三维剂量验证系统的物理模型测试及临床应用的初步研究

目的 使用EPID三维剂量验证系统进行物理建模和物理参数优化,并行临床应用前的初步研究。方法 通过EPID采集3、5、10、15、20、25 cm的方野图像建立物理模型,比较在均匀水模体中系统重建的百分深度剂量、射野总散因子及10 cm深度处的离轴比曲线,优化物理模型参数。采用指型电离室和免冲洗胶片,在均匀模体和仿真人模体中测量单野、组合野及IMRT计划点剂量和平面剂量,并与系统重建结果比较。在仿真人模体和 10例不同部位IMRT计划中,比较系统重建和TPS计算的5%/3 mm、3%/3 mm标准下的γ通过率,并对临床病例进行靶区和OAR剂量体积分析。结果 对于单野、组合野以及IMRT计划,系统重建剂量和电离室测量及TPS计算的点剂量平均偏差分别<0.5%和2.0%;在均匀或仿真人模体中以及临床病例中其平面或三维剂量的5%/3 mm、3%/3 mm平均γ通过率均>95%;但临床病例中体现小体积的OAR有较大剂量偏差。结论 通过一系列临床应用前测试,明确了该三维剂量验证系统可有效应用于临床剂量验证,并有较好的临床应用价值。     

Wilms tumor in children: A multivariate analysis of prognostic factors,with emphasis on inferior vena cava/right atrium extension. Results from a single-center study

BackgroundTo identify prognostic factors for overall survival through the analysis of 132 patients with Wilms tumor followed at a single center, with emphasis on the inferior vena cava/right atrium extension.MethodsRetrospective analysis of overall survival using logistic regression models and including age, sex, clinical features, associated syndromes, comorbidities, tumor size before chemotherapy, stage, presence of metastatic disease and its site, invasion of adjacent structures, inferior vena cava/right atrium extension, laterality, tumor histology, chemotherapy protocol, and radiotherapy as potential risk factors.ResultsFrom January 2000 through November 2021, 132 patients met the inclusion criteria, 64 females and 68 males; 15 (11.4%) patients presented with tumoral extension to inferior vena cava/right atrium and 44 had metastatic disease (33.3%). Based on logistic regression, the factors correlating to a fatal outcome were male sex (p = 0.046), high risk histology (p = 0.036), and the presence of metastatic disease (p = 0.003). None of the patients presenting inferior vena cava/right atrium extension died (p = 0.992). In a specific analysis of metastatic sites, hepatic metastasis alone showed correlation with a fatal outcome (p = 0.001).ConclusionThese results underline the importance of identifying and treating metastatic disease and high-risk tumors. The female gender as a potential driver for a less aggressive disease is a new finding that deserves further investigation. The accurate identification of inferior vena cava/right atrium extension, subsequent preoperative chemotherapy, and resection with a skilled team promoted survival rates of all patients.Level of evidenceII.     

A randomized, crossover, placebo- and moxifloxacin-controlled study to evaluate the effects of bosutinib (SKI-606), a dual Src/Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on cardiac repolarization in healthy adult subjects

Effects of therapeutic and supratherapeutic concentrations of bosutinib, a dual Src/Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on the corrected QT interval (QTc) in 60 healthy adults were assessed, according to ICH-E14 guidelines, in this 2-part, randomized, single-dose, double-blind, crossover, placebo- and open-label moxifloxacin-controlled study. Subjects received placebo, moxifloxacin and bosutinib 500 mg with food (therapeutic) in Part 1. In Part 2, subjects received placebo and bosutinib 500 mg plus ketoconazole (supratherapeutic). ANOVA compared baseline-adjusted QTc for bosutinib with placebo; and bosutinib plus ketoconazole with placebo plus ketoconazole. Primary endpoint was population-specific QT correction (QTcN). Secondary endpoints were Bazett QT correction (QTcB), Fridericia's formula QT correction (QTcF) and individual QT correction (QTcI). Upper bounds for 90% confidence intervals were <10 msec for the mean change in QTcN from placebo at all postdose time points, suggesting that mean therapeutic exposures (C(max) , 114 ng/mL; AUC, 2,330 ng · h/mL) and mean supratherapeutic exposures (C(max) , 326 ng/mL; AUC, 15,200 ng · h/mL) were not associated with QTc changes. Similar results were obtained for QTcB, QTcF and QTcI. No clinically relevant pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship was observed between bosutinib concentrations and QTc. No subjects had QTcB, QTcF, QTcI or QTcN >450 msec or change from baseline >30 msec. In summary, therapeutic and supratherapeutic bosutinib exposures are not associated with QTc prolongation in healthy adults.