349例食管癌IMRT为主的长期疗效分析

目的 观察食管癌IMRT为主的疗效和不良反应,探讨影响其预后因素。方法 回顾分析2006—2012年349例食管癌IMRT为主患者的近期疗效和急性不良反应,Kaplan-Mierer法计算1、3、5年LC率及OS率,Cox模型分析影响生存的因素。结果 3、5年样本数分别为174、63例。全组患者1、3、5年LC率分别为 72.9%、61.2%、58.4%,OS率分别为66.5%、39.1%、24.0%。亚组分析显示<54.73 cm³组1、3、5 年LC、OS率均高于≥54.73 cm³组(P=0.001、0.000);有无淋巴结转移的1、3、5年LC率相近(P=0.393),1、3、5年OS率分别为62.7%、35.9%、20.4%和83.1%、53.3%、38.3%(P=0.003);CR、PR、NR者1、3、5年LC率和OS率均不同(P=0.000、0.000)。≥2级急性RP发生率为11.3%,≥3级急性放射性食管炎发生率为9.0%。肿瘤体积、近期疗效、淋巴结转移是影响OS的因素(P=0.038、0.000、0.008)。结论 食管癌IMRT为主的疗效较好,不良反应较轻。随肿瘤体积增加和区域淋巴结转移出现,患者预后变差,近期疗效评价与LC和OS情况明显相关。     

早期NK/T细胞淋巴瘤扩大受累野IMRT结果

目的 评价早期NK/T细胞淋巴瘤使用扩大受累野IMRT结果,分析临床特征和治疗因素对于预后的影响。 方法 回顾分析2007—2016年间 165例早期NK/T细胞淋巴瘤接受扩大受累野IMRT,158例(95.8%)采用放化疗,7例(4.2%)单纯放疗。140例(84.8%)原发部位放疗剂量≥50 Gy,25例(15.2%)<50 Gy。147例(89.1%)接受门冬酰胺酶为主方案化疗,仅 11例(6.7%)接受CHOP或CHOP类方案化疗。109例(66.1%)接受≥4周期化疗。Kaplan-Meier法计算LRC、OS、PFS率,Logrank法检验和单因素预后分析,Cox模型多因素预后分析。 结果 5年样本量 55例,5年OS、PFS、LRC率分别为74.2%、72.5%、84.4%。放疗≥50 Gy显著提高了LC率,5年LRC为91.8%,而<50 Gy仅为39.7%(P=0.000)。早期低危组 5年OS为94.2%,而早期高危组仅为68.1%(P=0.002)。早期高危NK/T细胞淋巴瘤联合≥4个周期化疗较<4个周期组显著改善生存率,5年OS分别为71.3%和59.5%(P=0.032);5年PFS分别为70.4%和54.4%(P=0.009)。多因素分析显示ECOG≥2(P=0.006)、原发肿瘤侵犯(P=0.002)、Ann Arbor分期Ⅱ期(P=0.014)是OS影响因素,ECOG≥2(P=0.004)、原发肿瘤侵犯(P=0.016)是LRC的影响因素,而ECOG≥2(P=0.045)、原发肿瘤侵犯(P=0.003)、Ann Arbor分期Ⅱ期(P=0.030)、原发于鼻腔外(P=0.032)是PFS的影响因素。 结论 ≥50 Gy扩大受累野的IMRT对于早期NK/T细胞淋巴瘤有良好的LRC、OS和PFS。对于预后不良组的早期NK/T细胞淋巴瘤远处失败较高,放疗联合≥4周期化疗能显著改善OS和PFS。     

T4N (+)Ⅲ期食管胸中下段癌3DRT长期生存分析

目的 观察T₄N (+)Ⅲ期食管胸中下段癌IMRT长期生存情况及不良反应。方法 2004-2010年间300例T₄N (+)Ⅲ期食管中下段癌患者采用3DCRT 202例、IMRT 98例,常规分割照射剂量60 Gy。比较两种不同治疗方式的长期生存情况及不良反应。Kaplan Meier法计算生存率并Logrank法检验。结果 5、7年样本量分别为239、120例。3DCRT和IMRT组1、3、5、7年LC率分别为64.4%、40.6%、38.3%、34.2%和68.3%、55.3%、51.9%、51.9%(P=0.048),OS率分别为54.5%、19.8%、14.7%、10.9%和63.3%、34.7%、24.4%、20.3%(P=0.013)。分层分析显示年龄>65岁、放疗前食管造影长度>8.0 cm、CT最大横径>4.6 cm、GTV>60 cm³、邻近组织或器官受累、非手术 N₂期、未行化疗者,IMRT组OS率高于3DCRT组(P=0.022、0.003、0.022、0.034、0.016、0.044、0.047)。IMRT组GTVD_min、GTVD₁₀₀高于3DCRT组(P=0.000、0.000),脊髓D_max低于3DCRT组(P=0.000)。IMRT组急性放射性食管炎发生率明显高于3DCRT组,以轻度(1-2级)食管炎为著(P=0.000)。3DCRT组死于肿瘤局部因素的比率明显高于IMRT组(P=0.039)。结论 局部晚期食管胸中下段癌IMRT安全有效,LC率明显提高,正常组织保护良好,长期生存获益显著。基于回顾分析结果还有待前瞻性随机对照研究的证实。     

术后辅助放疗对局限期软组织肉瘤疗效影响

目的 评价局限期软组织肉瘤(STS)的疗效并分析其预后因子,重点探讨术后放疗在STS治疗中的作用。方法 回顾分析2000—2010年7月在复旦大学附属肿瘤医院接受保留器官手术的203例STS患者,76例(37.4%)接受辅助放疗,采用前后对穿野放疗技术,剂量45~70 Gy。采用 Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率并Logrank法检验,Cox模型多因素分析。结果 随访率94.7%,5年OS、LFFS、DMFS率分别为69.1%、69.3%、68.0%。多因素分析显示病理亚型、大小、切缘状况和是否接受放疗是影响OS因素,其中放疗显著降低STS患者LR风险(HR=0.327,95%CI为0.177~0.605,P=0.000),放疗显著提高OS (HR=0.489,95%CI为0.266~0.897,P=0.021)。结论 术后放疗不仅可提高STS的LC还可改善患者OS,其作用值得进一步研究。     

食管癌根治性放化疗长期生存影响因素分析

目的 分析放化疗食管癌疗效及其影响因素,为食管癌根治性放化疗提供最佳结合模式。方法 回顾分析2006—2012年收治的232例接受根治性放疗联合化疗的食管癌患者临床资料,放疗采用3DRT技术,化疗方案以铂类药物为基础。Kaplan-Meier法计算LC率和OS率,Logrank法检验和单因素预后分析,Cox模型多因素预后分析。结果 随访时间满1、3、5年者分别为232、84、35例。全组1、3、5年LC率分别为66.1%、42.2%、38.5%,中位LC时间为24.4个月;1、3、5年OS率分别为73.3%、37.2%、19.5%,中位生存期为21个月。单因素分析显示影响LC和OS因素为T分期、N分期、临床分期、照射范围、≥3周期化疗(P=0.112和P=0.000、P=0.031和P=0.000、P=0.009和P=0.000、P=0.074和P=0.030、P=0.218和P=0.001)。多因素分析N分期、临床分期、≥3周期化疗是影响OS的因素(P=0.006、0.000、0.001)。结论 食管癌放化疗能使临床分期偏早者的LC和长期OS明显改善,而照射范围及≥3周期化疗数有利于改善患者的长期生存。     

68例首诊伴单纯骨转移鼻咽癌患者预后分析

目的 探讨首诊伴单纯骨转移鼻咽癌患者的预后影响因素。方法 选取1997—2015年汕头大学医学院附属肿瘤医院收治的68例首诊伴单纯骨转移鼻咽癌患者,49接受放化疗。Kanplan-Meier法计算OS率,Logrank法单因素预后分析,Cox模型多因素预后分析。结果 中位随访时间为95.3个月,1、2、3、5年OS率分别为53%、38%、21%、15%,中位OS期13.4个月。单因素分析结果显示脊柱转移、骨转移数目、疗前LDH水平、原发病灶放疗技术、放疗剂量、原发病灶近期疗效均是影响OS期因素(P=0.02、0.01、0.00、0.02、0.02、0.01),多因素分析显示骨转移数目≤3个、原发病灶放疗剂量>65 Gy、IMRT技术是影响OS期的因素(P=0.03、0.02、0.04)。结论 对于骨转移数目≤3个的首诊伴单纯骨转移鼻咽癌患者,应予以积极治疗,包括采用IMRT技术、原发病灶放疗剂量>65 Gy,以争取原发病灶的近期疗效达到CR,临床意义重大。     

Ⅲ期N (+)食管癌IMRT与3DCRT疗效比较

目的 观察Ⅲ期N (+)食管癌3DCRT与IMRT疗效及不良反应。方法 2003—2012年符合入组条件的食管癌患者428例,其中293例3DCRT、135例IMRT,中位剂量60 Gy。Kaplan-Meier法计算OS率等并Logrank法检验。结果 3DCRT与IMRT的1、3、5年LC率分别为65.1%、40.6%、37.5%与70.0%、57.0%、49.4(P=0.025),OS率分别为56.0%、22.3%、15.7%与53.3%、29.2%、17.8%(P=0.394)。IMRT的肺平均受量高于3DCRT的(P=0.001),肺V₂₀、V₂₅、V₃₀、V₃₅低于3DCRT (P=0.007、0.000、0.000、0.000)。IMRT的2、3级急性放射性食管炎发生率高于3DCRT的(P=0.000、0.006),2级急性放射性肺炎发生率高于3DCRT的(P=0.043)。全组共死亡343例,以局部因素为主(60.6%),其次为远处转移(25.1%)。IMRT死于肿瘤局部因素比率明显低于3DCRT (51.0%比64.5%,P=0.021)。结论 IMRT治疗食管癌是有效的,相比于3DCRT其局部控制率明显提高。但IMRT未显示出对长期OS率的提高。死因主要是局部因素,其次是远处转移。IMRT的死于局部因素比例明显低于3DCRT的。     

骨与软组织肉瘤中P-糖蛋白的表达及其临床意义

目的:研究骨与软组织肉瘤的多 药耐药机制。方法:应用流式细胞术检测 38例软组织肉瘤患者和11例截肢患者正 常组织中P gp的表达。结果:38例软组织 肉瘤中P gp的表达率为(31.02± 17.67)%,明显高于正常组织的(2.66± 2.58)%;P gp在肿瘤直径>9cm的肿瘤 中的表达率(38.51%)明显高于直径<9 cm者(25.56%)。P gp在高分期肿瘤中的 表达率明显高于低分期肿瘤患者。结论: P gp可能是引起骨与软组织肿瘤原发耐药 的原因之一。     

52例原发鼻腔鼻窦黏膜恶性黑色素瘤疗效分析

目的：分析原发鼻腔鼻窦恶性黑色素瘤疗效及放疗在其治疗中作用。方法回顾分析2001—2014年间我院收治原发鼻腔鼻窦恶性黑色素瘤52例临床资料,其中单纯手术18例,手术联合放疗31例（手术＋术后放疗24例、术前放疗＋手术7例）,单纯放疗3例。使用倾向配比评分法对手术联合放疗组与单纯手术组配对分析。中位随访时间59个月。全组5年LC、DMFS、DFS、OS分别为49％、48％、22％、45％。配对后手术联合放疗5年LC 明显高于单纯手术（88％∶43％,P＝0．028）,但5年DMFS相近（67％∶57％,P＝0．955）、DFS相近（58％∶24％,P＝0．131）、5年OS也相近（67％∶67％, P＝0．727）。术前放疗＋手术组、手术＋术后放疗组手术切缘阴性率分别为100％和50％（ P＝0．004）。结论手术联合放疗可提高原发鼻腔鼻窦恶性黑色素瘤LC率,术前放疗增加手术切缘阴性率。     

腺泡状软组织肉瘤的预后影响因素分析

目的探讨腺泡状软组织肉瘤的预后影响因素。方法回顾性分析1962年5月至2008年8月接受治疗的腺泡状软组织肉瘤患者42例,男性19例,女性23例,中位年龄27岁。肿瘤原发于四肢35例,原发于躯干或其他部位7例,原发肿瘤最大中位直径为4.2cm。就诊时局限的37例患者接受了原发肿瘤的扩大切除,其中10例还接受了术后的辅助放疗。结果患者中位随诊57个月,接受了原发肿瘤扩大切除的37例患者随诊期间局部复发4例(10.8%),远处转移20例(54.1%)。全组患者5、10、15年总生存率分别为81.7%、63.6%和31.8%;5和10年总生存率与性别、就诊时年龄(<27岁与≥27岁)、原发肿瘤部位(四肢与其他部位)明显相关,与原发肿瘤大小及术后辅助放疗的关系不明显,但原发肿瘤大小与远处转移明显相关。结论局部扩大切除为腺泡状软组织肉瘤主要治疗手段,患者就诊时年龄和原发肿瘤部位是腺泡状软组织肉瘤重要预后影响因素,原发肿瘤大小与远处转移密切相关,术后辅助放疗对生存率无明显影响。     

基于IMRT的Ⅱ期鼻咽癌同期放化疗与单纯放疗远期疗效比较

目的 评价以IMRT为基础的不同治疗模式对Ⅱ期鼻咽癌患者预后的影响。方法 回顾分析123例Ⅱ期鼻咽癌患者的临床资料,其中单纯放疗81例,同期放化疗42例。Kaplan-Meier计算生存率并Logrank检验。结果 全组5年OS、LRFS、DMFS、PFS分别为96.7%、94.7%、93.1%、87.8%。单纯放疗组与同期放化疗组相比,5年OS (98.7%:92.9%,P=0.569)、LRFS (94.8%:94.5%,P=0.770)、DMFS (94.5%:90.2%,P=0.408)、PFS (90.6%:82.2%,P=0.340)均无明显差异。T₂N₁期患者两组5年各项生存率仍无明显差异(P=0.929、0.967、0.917、0.492)。急性不良反应方面同期放化疗组中性粒细胞减少、白细胞减少、血红蛋白减少和放射性黏膜反应发生率明显升高(P=0.000、0.000、0.012、0.010),而两组晚期不良反应发生率相近(P=0.823、0.622、0.113)。结论 对Ⅱ期患者同期化疗的加入并未改善患者预后,但急性不良反应明显增加。     

Results of radiation therapy for unresected soft-tissue sarcomas

PURPOSE: Definitive radiotherapy is uncommonly used in the management of soft-tissue sarcoma (STS). The purpose of the study was to evaluate the results of radiotherapy for unresected STSs treated in a single institution. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1970 and 2001, 112 patients with STSs underwent radiotherapy for gross disease. Locations of the tumor were 43% in the extremities, 26% retroperitoneal, 24% in the head and neck, and 7% in the truncal wall. Histologic grades were 11% G1 and 89% G2 to G3. Median size of tumor at radiotherapy was 8 cm (range, 1-30 cm). Median radiation dose was 64 Gy (range, 25-87.5 Gy). Twenty percent of patients received chemotherapy. Local control (LC), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) rates were evaluated in univariate (log-rank) and then multivariate (Cox model) analysis to determine prognostic factors for STS. RESULTS: Median follow-up for patients is 139 months (range, 30-365 months). The 5-year actuarial LC, DFS, and OS were 45%, 24%, and 35%, respectively. Tumor size at radiotherapy and radiation dose influenced LC, DFS, and OS in univariate analysis. LC at 5 years was 51%, 45%, and 9% for tumors less than 5 cm, 5 to 10 cm, and greater than 10 cm, respectively. Patients who received doses of less than 63 Gy had 5-year LC, DFS, and OS rates of 22%, 10%, and 14%, respectively, compared with 5-year LC, DFS, and OS rates of 60%, 36%, and 52%, respectively, for patients who received doses of 63 Gy or more. AJCC stage was related to the OS and DFS without statistically significant influence on LC. Use of chemotherapy, histologic grade, age, and location did not influence results. In multivariate analysis, LC was related to total dose (p = 0.02), T size at radiotherapy (p = 0.003), and AJCC stage (p = 0.04); DFS was related to total dose (p = 0.007), T size at radiotherapy (p = 0.01), and AJCC stage (p < 0.0001); and OS was related to AJCC stage (p = 0.0001) and total dose (p = 0.002), but not to T size, at radiotherapy. Major radiotherapy complications were noted in 14% of patients; 27% of patients who received doses of 68 Gy or more had these complications compared with 8% of patients treated with doses of less than 68 Gy. CONCLUSIONS: Definitive radiotherapy for STS should be considered in clinical situations where no acceptable surgical option is available. Higher radiation doses yield superior tumor control and survival. A rise in complications occurs in patients who receive doses of 68 Gy or more, which provides a therapeutic window for benefit in these patients.     

Long-Term Treatment Results in Soft Tissue Sarcomas of the Thoracic Wall Treated with Pre-or-Postoperative Radiotherapy - a Single Institution Experience

Objective: To evaluate the long term results among patients with soft tissue sarcoma of the thoracic wall.Materials and Methods: Twenty-six patients who were treated with pre-or postoperative radiotherapy betweenDecember 1980-December 2007, with a diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma of the thoracic wall were retrospectivelyevaluated. Results: The median age was 44 years (14-85 years) and 15 of them were male. A total of 50% ofpatients were grade 3. The most common histologic type of tumor was undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma(26.9%). Tumor size varied between 2-25 cm (median 6.5 cm). Seventeen of the cases had marginal and 9 hadwide local resection. Four cases received preoperative radiotherapy and 22 postoperative radiotherapy. Six ofthe patients with large and high grade tumors received chemotherapy. Median follow-up time was 82 months(9-309 months). Local recurrence and metastasis was detected in 34.6% and 42.3% of patients, respectively. Fiveyearlocal control (LC), disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and disease-specific survival (DSS)were 62%, 38%, 69%, and 76% respectively. On univariate analysis, the patients with positive surgical marginshad a markedly lower 5-year LC rate than patients with negative surgical margin, but the difference was notsignificant (43% vs 78%, p=0.1). Five-year DFS (66% vs 17%) and DSS (92% vs 60%) rates were significantlyworse for the patients who had high grade tumors (p=0.01, p=0.008 respectively). Conclusions: Tumor gradeand surgical margin are essential parameters for determining the prognosis of thoracic wall soft tissue sarcomaboth in our series and the literature.     

Intraoperative electron-beam therapy for primary and recurrent retroperitoneal soft-tissue sarcoma

PURPOSE: This study assesses the long-term outcome of patients with retroperitoneal soft-tissue sarcomas treated by maximal resection in combination with intraoperative electron-beam therapy (IOERT) and postoperative external-beam radiotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From 1991 to 2004, 67 patients were treated with curative intent for primary (n = 26) or recurrent (n = 41) retroperitoneal soft-tissue sarcoma. All patients underwent maximal resection in combination with IOERT (mean dose, 15 Gy), 45 patients underwent additional postoperative EBRT, and 20 patients were previously irradiated. RESULTS: The 5-year actuarial overall survival (OS), disease-free survival, local control (LC), and freedom from metastatic disease of all patients was 64%, 28%, 40%, and 50%, respectively. The 5-year LC inside the IOERT field was 72%. For patients who completed IOERT and EBRT after R0-resection 5-year and 10-year OS was 80%, and 5-year and 10-year LC was 100%. Only 1 of the 21 patients after R0-resection and only 8 of 34 patients after R1-resection compared with 9 of 12 patients after R2-resection experienced inside IOERT-field relapse. Grade II or higher late complications were seen in 21% of the patients, but only 2 patients required surgical intervention because of late complications. CONCLUSION: In selected patients, IOERT results in excellent local control and survival, with acceptable morbidity.     

121例局限期食管小细胞癌治疗模式探讨

目的 探讨原发性局限期食管小细胞癌综合治疗模式及预后。方法 回顾分析2004—2012年间收治的局限期食管小细胞癌患者121例资料,其中手术组患者98例(单纯手术37例、手术+化疗40例、手术+放化疗21例),非手术组患者23例(放化疗18例、单纯化疗5例)。采用Kaplan-Meier法OS分析并Logrank检验和Cox模型多因素预后分析。结果 手术组1、3年OS率分别为88%、37%,非手术组分别为78%、43%(P=0.585)。手术组内不同治疗模式LC率相近(P=0.113),手术+化疗、手术+放化疗组OS率均优于单纯手术组(P=0.002、0.028)。手术+化疗组1、3年OS率分别为88%、44%,与放化疗组的83%、50%相近(P=0.969)。化疗≥4周期组1、3年OS率分别为89%、53%,高于<4周期组的85%、35%(P=0.036)。多因素分析显示只有化疗与否是影响因素(P=0.006)。结论 局限期食管小细胞癌单纯手术治疗预后差。在系统性化疗基础上的手术治疗比放疗并不能明显提高患者LC和预后。化疗是独立影响因素,推荐化疗周期数至少≥4周期。     

Intensity-modulated radiation therapy in childhood ependymoma

PURPOSE: To determine the patterns of failure after intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for localized intracranial ependymoma. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From 1994 to 2005, 22 children with pathologically proven, localized, intracranial ependymoma were treated with adjuvant IMRT. Of the patients, 12 (55%) had an infratentorial tumor and 14 (64%) had anaplastic histology. Five patients had a subtotal resection (STR), as evidenced by postoperative magnetic resonance imaging. The clinical target volume encompassed the tumor bed and any residual disease plus margin (median dose 54 Gy). Median follow-up for surviving patients was 39.8 months. RESULTS: The 3-year overall survival rate was 87% +/- 9%. The 3-year local control rate was 68% +/- 12%. There were six local recurrences, all in the high-dose region of the treatment field. Median time to recurrence was 21.7 months. Of the 5 STR patients, 4 experienced recurrence and 3 died. Patients with a gross total resection had significantly better local control (p = 0.024) and overall survival (p = 0.008) than those with an STR. At last follow-up, no patient had developed visual loss, brain necrosis, myelitis, or a second malignancy. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with IMRT provides local control and survival rates comparable with those in historic publications using larger treatment volumes. All failures were within the high-dose region, suggesting that IMRT does not diminish local control. The degree of surgical resection was shown to be significant for local control and survival.     

Neck observation versus elective neck dissection in management of clinical T1/2NO oral squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective study of 232 patients

Objective:The management of early-stage (cT1/2N0) oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains a controversial issue.The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of neck observation (OBS) and elective neck dissection (END) in treating patients with cT1/2N0OSCC.Methods:A total of 232 patients with cT1/2N0OSCC were included in this retrospective study.Of these patients,181 were treated with END and 51 with OBS.The survival curves of 5-year overall survival (OS),diseasespecific survival (DSS),and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method for each group,and compared using the Log-rank test.Results:There was no significant difference in 5-year OS and DSS rates between END and OBS groups (OS:89.0％ vs.88.2％,P=0.906;DSS:92.3％ vs.92.2％,P=0.998).However,the END group had a higher 5-year RFS rate than the OBS group (90.1％ vs.76.5％,P=0.009).Patients with occult metastases in OBS group (7/51) had similar 5-year OS rate (57.1％ vs.64.1％,P=0.839) and DSS rate (71.4％ vs.74.4％,P=0.982) to those in END group (39/181).In the regional recurrence patients,the 5-year O S rate (57.1％ vs.11.1％,P=0.011) and D SS rate (71.4％ vs.22.2％,P=0.022) in OBS group (7/51) were higher than those in END group (9/181).Conclusions:The results indicated that OBS policy could obtain the same 5-year OS and DSS as END.Under close follow-up,OBS policy may be an available treatment option for patients with clinical T1/2N0OSCC.