等速肌力训练对全膝关节置换术后髌骨轨迹异常的影响

目的 探讨股四头肌不同角度等速肌力训练对全膝关节置换术后髌骨轨迹异常者的影响.方法 入选全膝关节置换术患者52例,共66个膝关节,其中男9例10膝,女43例56膝,平均年龄58.3岁.按接诊顺序分为3组,即0～30°组、30～60°组和60～90°组进行股四头肌训练,每组22个膝关节.采用德国lsomed 2000型等速肌力训练系统对各组(膝关节屈曲范围分别为0～30°、30～60°及60～90°)进行3个月的股四头肌向心性收缩训练,测试速度为30°/s.治疗前、后拍摄膝关节负重正侧位及屈膝45°轴位片,测量髌骨指数、外侧髌骨角及髌骨协调角;记录每个膝关节的峰力矩、总功率及平均功率;治疗前、后采用美国特种外科医院(HSS)膝关节功能评分评定膝关节功能.结果 0～30°组治疗前、后的髌骨指数、外侧髌骨角及髌骨协调角比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),30～60°组及60～90°组治疗前、后相关指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);治疗后,各组峰力矩、总功率及平均功率均较治疗前增大(P＜0.05).治疗前后反映髌骨轨迹的指标,即髌骨指数、外侧髌骨角及髌骨协调角差值均与0～30°组股四头肌肌力指标,即峰力矩、总功率及平均功率的差值呈正相关(P＜0.05),但与30～60°组及60～90°组的各项肌力指标差值无相关性(P＞0.05).治疗后0～30°组HSS评分与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义,而30～60°组及60～90°组治疗前、后HSS评分差异无统计学意义.结论 膝关节屈曲范围0～30°的股四头肌等速训练可有效改善全膝关节置换术后髌骨轨迹异常,提高膝关节功能.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the effects of isokinetic quadriceps training with different ranges of motion for improving mal-patellar tracking after total knee replacement (TKR). Methods Isokinetic quadriceps training was administered to 52 TKR cases, involving 66 knee joints with poor patellar tracking. The subjects were randomly allocated into 3 groups for isokinetic training with ranges of 0-30°, 30-60° or 60-90°, with 22 knee joints in each group. The angular velocity was set at 30°/second. X-rays with loading and with 45° knee flexion were taken before and after the training. The lateral patello-femoral angle,the patella index and the patello-femoral index were recorded along with the maximum torque ( MT), the total work ( TW ), and the average work(AW) in the three different ranges of motion. Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) scores were also recorded. Results After 3 months of training, the average lateral patello-femoral angle, patella index, and patello-femoral index in the 0-30° training group were all significantly better than before the training. However, there was no significant difference in these measures for the 30-60° and 60-90° groups. After training average MT, TW and AW increased significantly in all groups, but the improvements were significantly correlated with the differences in lateral patello-femoral angles, patella indices and patello-femoral indices only for the 0-30°group. When compared with the baseline values, a statistically significant difference in HSS score after training was observed only in the 0-30° training group. Conclusions Isokinetic quadriceps training with a 0-30° range of motion can best realign patellar tracking after TKR, and best improve knee function.     

全膝关节置换术前后患者肌力训练方法指导

对36例全膝关节置换患者术前及术后进行康复训练，治疗后膝关节功能均达到70。以上。康复训练是膝关节置换术后功能恢复的重要环节。     

肌力增强训练对人工膝关节置换膝关节功能恢复的影响

目的 探讨肌力增强训练对人工膝关节置换(TKR)术患膝关节功能恢复方法。方法 采用肌肉功能再训练，辅助主动运动，主动运动和抗阻力运动。结果 术后2周肌力：3级8例，4级10例，5级2例。术后4-6周肌力：4级11例，5级9例。结论 TKR是治疗晚期骨关节炎最佳选挥，肌力增强是取得术后满意疗效可靠手段。     

早期肌力锻炼对人工全膝关节置换术患者康复的影响

目的探索早期肌力锻炼对人工全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)后患者康复的影响。方法选择2010年1月—2013年12月在中国人民解放军第105医院行TKA的膝关节骨性关节炎患者60例,随机分为观察组和对照组各30例,对照组采用TKA术常规护理及健康指导,观察组在此基础上给予早期肌力锻炼及针对性的健康教育,观察两组患者入组时和术后1个月膝关节功能评分(HSS)情况。结果观察组患者术后HSS得分明显升高,与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论早期肌力锻炼有助于提高患者的膝关节功能,对TKA患者的早日康复起到积极的推动作用。     

髋关节外展肌训练对全膝关节置换术后下肢肌力和步行功能的影响

摘要 目的：探究全膝关节置换（TKA）术后早期康复训练中强化髋关节外展肌训练对患者下肢肌力及步行功能的影响。 方法：选取2020年1月至2021年10月在山东大学齐鲁医院（青岛）因膝关节骨性关节炎初次行全膝关节置换的患者60例,采用随机数字法分为试验组（n=30）和对照组（n=30）,对照组采用常规康复训练方法,试验组在常规康复基础上增加髋关节外展肌训练,两组进行4周每周5次的训练。干预前后分别对两组进行等速肌力测试、膝关节功能（KSS）评分、西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数（WOMAC）评分、“起立-行走”计时测试（TUGT）、三维步态分析。 结果：经4周康复干预后：试验组髋关节外展相对峰力矩、膝关节屈伸相对峰力矩、KSS评分均显著高于干预前（均P＜0.01）;WOMAC疼痛、僵硬、功能、总分及TUGT完成时间显著低于干预前（均P＜0.05）;步速、步幅、患侧支撑百分比及髋、膝关节矢状面活动范围显著高于干预前（均P＜0.05）;双支撑百分比低于干预前（P＜0.05）。干预后试验组髋关节外展相对峰力矩、KSS评分显著高于对照组（均P＜0.01）;WOMAC疼痛、功能、总分及TUGT完成时间低于对照组（均P＜0.05）;步幅、患侧支撑百分比患侧髋、膝关节矢状面活动范围均高于对照组（均P＜0.05）。 结论：全膝关节置换术后早期康复训练中强化髋关节外展肌训练能更好改善患者的下肢肌力及步行功能。     

人工全膝关节置换术后肌力锻炼对假体膝关节功能的作用

人工全膝关节置换术的目的在于缓解疼痛、矫正畸形、在一定程度上恢复膝关节功能。术后进行正确、有效的功能康复锻炼，可以在最大限度上改善假体膝关节的功能，从而影响着手术的效果。对43例人工全膝关节置换术患中的骨性关节炎、类风湿性关节炎患进行术后功能康复锻炼，并对患手术前及康复锻炼后的膝关节评分变化进行观察。功能康复后膝关节功能评分高于手术前膝关节评分。功能康复锻炼能改善人工全膝关节置换术后假体膝关节功能。     

探索早期肌力锻炼对人工全膝关节置换术患者康复的影响

目的：探索早期肌力锻炼对人工全膝关节置换术患者康复的影响。方法：将入院拟行人工全膝关节置换术(TKA)的膝关节骨性关节炎60例患者随机分为对照组和研究组各30例,对照组采取TKA术常规护理及健康指导, 研究组在此基础上给予早期肌力锻炼及针对性的健康教育,观察两组患者干预前和术后1个月膝关节功能评分（HSS）变化情况。结果：研究组与对照组相比,研究组干预后,术后HSS得分明显升高,差异均有统计学意义,P＜0.05。结论：围手术期早期肌力锻炼干预,有助于膝关节功能的改善。     

等速肌力训练对全髋关节置换术后患者表面肌电的影响

2007年3月42007年5月在我院骨科行单侧全髋关节置换术患者16例，男9例，女7例；年龄56～73岁，平均63．4岁；病程1d～7年；股骨颈骨折5例，骨关节炎3例，髋关节发育不良2例，髋关节强直1例。16例患者术式相同，假体类型均为骨水泥，术中出血量300～500ml，平均385ml。术后14d开始患者均采用BIODEX多关节功能测试与训练系统进行等速肌力训练。患者取坐位，臀下垫枕，保持术侧髋关节屈曲80。，固定装置于髋、大腿和胸部阻止任何额外运动，运动时旋转轴与股骨外髁相并列，杠杆力臂软垫位于踝骨近端，选用60、90、120、90、605种运动速度，每种运动速度间相隔30°／s，每种运动时尽力做伸及屈膝10次，共50次为1个训练单元，根据肌肉功能适应情况，逐渐增加运动次数到2～3个训练单元，每日1次。     

早期康复训练对全膝关节置换术后关节功能恢复的影响

[目的]探讨早期进行康复训练对人工全膝关节置换(TKA)术后关节功能恢复的作用。[方法]对21例进行人工TKA术前、术后系统康复训练,半年后采用美国特种外科医院(HSS)膝关节百分评分系统进行评分。[结果]术后半年复查,优15例,良5例,中1例;20例能独立行走,1例需扶单拐行走,均能完全自理。[结论]早期进行康复训练有利于人工TKA术后膝关节功能恢复。     

早期康复训练对全膝关节置换术后关节功能恢复的影响

探讨早期进行康复训练对人工全膝关节置换(TKA)术后关节功能恢复的影响.对32例人工TKA患者术前、术后进行系统康复训练.术后半年复查,优18例,良10例,中4例;30例能独立行走,2例需扶单拐行走,生活均能完全自理.早期进行康复训练有利于人工TKA术后膝关节功能恢复.     

人工全膝关节置换术后康复护理

目的：总结全膝关节置换术后进行早期功能锻炼的经验。方法：46例、5l膝人工全膝关节置换术后的患按照预定的康复计划进行早期功能锻炼，术后6h开始进行股四头肌群锻炼，48h后开始进行CPM锻炼，3d下地站立。结果：术后2周平均活动度达90％以上，切口Ⅰ期愈合，无其他并发症，手术优良率达96．6％。结论：术后早期功能锻炼安全可行，可使关节功能早期恢复，并可预防并发症。     

多学科协作干预方案在全膝关节置换术后恐动症患者中的应用研究

目的探讨多学科协作干预方案对全膝关节置换术后恐动症患者的影响。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2018年2月—2019年3月我院收治的106例全膝关节置换术后恐动症患者作为研究对象。其中2018年10月—2019年3月的53例为试验组,2018年2月—8月的53例为对照组,分别给予多学科协作干预和常规护理干预,并在出院日比较两组恐动症评估简表中文版评分、美国特种外科医院膝关节评分、静息及活动状态下疼痛数字评分表评分、术后首次下床活动时间、住院天数及住院费用的差异。结果实施多学科协作干预方案后,试验组恐动症评估简表中文版评分、静息及活动状态下疼痛数字评分表评分均低于对照组(P<0.05),美国特种外科医院膝关节评分高于对照组(P<0.05);试验组术后首次下床活动时间、住院天数及住院费用均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论多学科协作干预方案科学、可靠,能有效降低全膝关节置换患者术后恐动症,缓解术后疼痛,促进膝关节功能恢复。     

48例人工全膝关节置换术患者的康复训练

目的观察人工全膝关节置换术(TKR)患者围手术期进行系统康复训练的效果.方法选择接受TKR的患者48例62个膝关节,入院后实施系统化康复训练方案,包括肌力训练、关节活动训练、平衡功能、本体感觉及步态训练.结果本组获随访6～12个月,采用美国特种外科医院(HSS)膝关节评分标准,术后半年复查时优38例,良10例,优良率100%.结论 TKR患者围手术期进行系统康复训练能减少膝关节并发症,提高患者的生活质量.     

Immediate effect of myofascial release on range of motion,pain and biceps and rectus femoris muscle activity after total knee replacement

Objectives

The role of a myofascial release (MFR) on flexion contractures after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine its immediate effect on such patients.

膝关节置换术后门诊康复与家庭康复的有效性和安全性Meta分析

目的 比较门诊康复与家庭康复对膝关节置换术后膝关节功能恢复的效果。 方法 计算机检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science,纳入有关膝关节置换术术后门诊康复与家庭康复比较的随机对照试验（randomized controlled trial,RCT）。检索时限为建库至2021年7月。由2名研究者对所得文献依据纳入与排除标准进行筛查,提取资料,评价文献质量,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。 结果 共纳入15项RCT研究,共2 492例患者。Meta分析结果显示,膝关节置换术后1~1.5、3、6、12个月时,门诊康复与家庭康复后患者的关节活动范围、骨关节炎指数评分、膝关节损伤和骨关节炎结局评分、牛津大学膝关节评分、膝关节功能评分等结果变化的差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）,且两组在不良反应、生活质量和满意度方面的差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但家庭康复组所支付的医疗费用较低。结论 膝关节置换术术后1年内家庭康复与门诊康复能取得相似的康复效果,且安全性良好,另外,家庭康复可降低医疗费用。     

Preoperative quadriceps strength as a predictor for short-term functional outcome after total hip replacement

Holstege MS, Lindeboom R, Lucas C. Preoperative quadriceps strength as a predictor for short-term functional outcome after total hip replacement.

Objective

To determine the preoperative strength of the muscle group of the lower extremity that is most important in predicting functional recovery after primary unilateral total hip replacement (THR).

Design

Prospective observational study with inception cohort.

Settings

Joint care program (hospital care/clinical division of a nursing home/outpatient physical therapy).

Participants

Patients (N=55) undergoing primary unilateral THR.

Interventions

Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measures

Baseline measures within 2 weeks preoperative and follow-up at 6 and 12 weeks postoperative included isometric strength measurement of the hip (flexors, extensors, abductors, adductors) and knee (flexors, extensors) musculature using a handheld dynamometer. Functional outcome was tested using performance-based (Timed Up and Go Test, 6-Minute Walk Test) and self-report measures (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, subscale Physical Function [WOMAC PF], 36-Item Short Form Health Survey subscale Mental Health, visual analog scale for pain).

Results

Of the patients (N=55; mean age, 72.7±6.8y; 41 women) included; 18 dropped out, leaving 37 patients for analyses. After correction for WOMAC PF score at baseline, body mass index, sex, and age, the preoperative knee extensors strength measure of the operated site was the only muscle group showing a significant effect on functional outcome measured by using the WOMAC PF at 12 weeks postoperatively (R²=.355; β=−.105; P for β=.004).

Conclusion

Preoperative greater knee extensor strength of the operated site is associated with better physical function, measured by using the WOMAC PF at 12 weeks postoperative.     

Therapeutic effects of strengthening exercise on gait function of cerebral palsy

Purpose. To assess the effectiveness of strengthening exercises of the lower limbs on improvement of muscle strength and gait function.

Method. Those included were diagnosed as spastic diplegic or hemiplegic type of cerebral palsy (CP) and verified as grade 2 or 3 of the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Participants were divided into an experimental group (n = 9) or a control group (n = 8). The experimental group completed a 5-week strengthening program and the control group took part in conventional physical therapy. Muscle tone and strength of lower limb, Gross Motor Function Measure, lateral step up, squat to stand, and three dimensional gait analysis were tested at pre-training, post-training, and 6 week follow up.

Results. Maximal hip extensor strength, and number of squat to stand were significantly increased at post-training and 6 weeks follow up in the experimental group compared with the control group. GMFM score D and E significantly improved in the experimental group at post-training. The experimental group demonstrated significant increase of gait speed and stride length and decrease of double support phase at post-training and 6 weeks follow up.

Conclusions. Strengthening exercises could be a useful method to improve gait function of patients with spastic CP.     

Limb length discrepancy after total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUNDLimb length discrepancy (LLD) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been considered as one of the reasons for the unsatisfactory outcome. However, there is no consensus about the extent of LLD that can be considered as clinically relevant.AIMTo evaluate the incidence of radiographic LLD and its impact on functional outcome following TKA.METHODSAll randomized-controlled trial and observational studies on LLD in TKA, published till 22^nd June 2020, were systematically searched and reviewed. The primary outcome was “limb lengthening or LLD after TKA”. The secondary outcomes included “assessment of LLD in varus/valgus deformity” and “impact of LLD on the functional outcome”. RESULTSOf 45 retrieved studies, qualitative and quantitative assessment of data was performed from eight studies and six studies, respectively. Five studies (n = 1551) reported the average limb lengthening of 5.98 mm. The LLD after TKA was ranging from 0.4 ± 10 mm to 15.3 ± 2.88 mm. The incidence of postoperative radiographic LLD was reported in 44% to 83.3% of patients. There was no difference in the preoperative and postoperative LLD (MD -1.23; 95%CI: -3.72, 1.27; P = 0.34). Pooled data of two studies (n = 219) revealed significant limb lengthening in valgus deformity than varus (MD -2.69; 95%CI: -5.11, 0.27; P = 0.03). The pooled data of three studies (n = 611) showed significantly worse functional outcome in patients with LLD of ≥ 10 mm compared to < 10 mm (standard MD 0.58; 95%CI: 0.06, 1.10; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONLimb lengthening after TKA is common, and it is significantly more in valgus than varus deformity. Significant LLD (≥ 10 mm) is associated with suboptimal functional outcome.     

人工全膝关节置换术后自体引流血回输的临床效果

目的探讨人工全膝关节置换术后自体引流血回输的安全性及有效性。方法人工全膝关节置换178例,术后采用Consta VacTM CBCⅡ自体血回输器引流并回输术后6 h,引流血115例,其中双膝同时置换32例;采用普通引流63例,引流血被弃置,其中双膝同时置换19例。统计2组患者术前、术后d 1、3、5、7 Hb、引流血量、回输血量、异体血输血量,输血反应发生例数及早期并发症情况;输异体血标准为根据患者的Hb水平决定异体血的回输量,使术后Hb水平维持在100 g/L以上。结果 2组间术前、术后d 1、d 5、d 7时的Hb水平没有统计学意义,术后3 d Hb下降明显(P0.05),需要输异体血。在单膝置换时,自体血回输组引流量平均(610.84±102.35)ml,普通引流组引流量平均(520.89±86.71)ml,回输血量(390.36±86.34)ml,输异体血的比例,未回输组为36.36%,平均输异体血(360.65±103.49)ml,回输组为21.69%,平均输异体血(180.64±96.75)ml(P0.01)。在双膝置换时,自体血回输组引流量平均(1 270.68±103.68)ml,回输血量(810.94±152.35)ml,普通引流组引流量平均(970.73±98.34)ml,输异体血的比例,未回输组为100%,平均输异体血(810.68±136.58)ml,回输组为90.63%,平均输异体血(580.94±102.45)ml(P0.01)。自体引流血回输有2例出现轻微寒战,输异体血有3例出现轻微寒战,无皮肤出现黄疸,术后直接胆红素和总胆红素2组无升高,无伤口感染。结论自体引流血回输在全膝关节置换术中应用是安全有效的,能有效减少异体血量的输入。     

膝关节镜术后肌力强化训练对膝关节骨性关节炎患者膝关节功能的影响

目的 探讨膝关节骨性关节炎(KOA)患者膝关节镜术后肌力强化训练的临床疗效,并分析其对膝关节功能的影响.方法 选择2018年12月至2020年12月于我院行膝关节镜手术治疗的86例KOA患者为研究对象,根据术后康复方案的不同将其分为对照组和观察组,每组43例.对照组术后进行常规康复训练,观察组在对照组基础上增加肌力强化...