免疫抑制剂对异体静脉移植后通畅率的影响

应用新鲜及冷冻保存异体静脉移植对４０只家免股静脉缺损进行修复，观察免疫抑制剂对异体静脉移植后通畅率的影响。通过光镜、电镜及血管造影检查，发现免疫抑制剂可以提高异体静脉移植后通畅率，但远期通畅有赖于免疫抑制剂持续应用，冷冻不仅良好保存了小静脉内皮细胞，且减弱了移植后排斥反应，因而可获满意的远期通畅无需免疫抑制剂应用。     

分叉式静脉组合移植修复腘动脉分叉部损伤

目的 探讨＂分叉式＂静脉组合移植修复腘动脉分叉部损伤的效果及临床应用价值.方法 自2004年以来,应用＂分叉式＂静脉组合移植修复腘动脉分叉部损伤12例,12例均行开放复位固定,同时探查修复损伤血管.9例均取自体对侧大隐静脉移植修复,3例取对侧小隐静脉移植修复.肢体损伤至血循环重建时间6小时以内8例,8～10小时以内4例.结果 12例血管移植患者,术中血管吻合即时通畅率为100%.1例术后1天发生吻合口漏致血肿形成,探查修补后无复发;1例术后1天发生吻合血管栓塞,全身情况不允许行血管探查术,3天后肢体坏死截肢;2例因肌肉挫伤严重,发生部分肌肉坏死,经二期扩创后治愈.余11例术后随访6～35个月,血管通畅率100%,多普勒血流探测仪探测患侧术后血流速度及血管口径与健侧无明显差异.结论 ＂分叉式＂静脉组合移植是修复腘动脉分叉部损伤的有效方法,其取材容易、操作简便,具有较高的临床应用价值.     

改良后的家兔动脉深低温保存实验研究

目的：为探讨家兔动脉在改良的深低温保存后，其作为血管材料替代物的优越性。方法：无菌条件下取新鲜兔动脉，分别给予改良后的营养液经慢速深低温冷冻和快速深低温冷冻处理，6个月后异体和自体移植，12周后，取移植的血管组织，观测其组织活性，组织形态、血管通畅率。结果：改良的营养液保护的血管经慢冻法处理后与自体血管活性相近，经改良的营养液保护的血管，移植前后血管内膜的连续性，血管的组织结构良好；慢冻法处理的血管通畅率比速冻法处理的高，与自体移植组相当。结论：复方氨基酸可以替代传统冷冻保护液中的小牛血清用于血管的深低温保存，降低了该保存技术的成本；快速深低温冷冻保存的动脉血管活力移植效果不如慢速冷冻处理的异体动脉好。     

血流动力学改变对自体静脉移植的影响及对策

1905年Garrel与Gutheric首先进行自体静脉股动脉移植的实验,取得成功,成为血管移植的开拓者.1906年Goganes切除腘动脉瘤后用邻近的腘静脉替代,成为首例临床应用成功的病例,也是血管外科的里程碑.人们最早进行研究及临床应用的自体静脉代动脉是自体大隐静脉,目前已被认为是中、小血管移植的首选材料.但静脉移植于动脉后的前两年约有20%～40%的患者会产生新生内膜增厚导致管腔狭窄[1],故提高移植后远期通畅率,移植后再狭窄的机理探讨和防治研究已经成为当今心血管病防治研究中的一个重要的课题.目前认为,血流动力学的改变和移植静脉管壁损伤是导致再狭窄的始动因素.     

辐照同种异体血管移植的实验研究

目的探讨在不用免疫抑制的条件下，开展同种异体血管移植的可行性。方法（1）在无菌条件及无刨伤原则下切取Wistar大鼠股动脉，-10℃～-20℃保存或真空包装常温保存，16kGy ^60Coγ射线照射。（2）分辐照同种异体血管移植组、新鲜同种异体血管移植组和新鲜自体血管移植组进行血管移植。于移植后1周、2周、1个月、2个月、3个月5个时间点观察移植血管的通畅率，并取材作组织学检测。结果：（1）辐照处理的同种异体动脉无任何组织学结构改变，肉眼观察外形无明显变化。（2）辐照同种异体血管移植组、新鲜同种异体血管移植组和新鲜自体血管移植组移植血管的通畅率分别为90％（27／30）、30％（9／30）和93．3％（28／30）。辐照同种异体血管移植组和新鲜自体血管移植组移植后2周移植血管内膜出现内皮细胞，移植后3个月移植血管内膜内皮细胞覆盖完整。新鲜同种异体血管移植组移植早期有淋巴细胞及炎性细胞浸润，有明显血管结构破坏出现，移植血管内膜未见内皮细胞覆盖。结论辐照同种异体血管完全符合理想的血管移植物所具备的条件；在不使用任何免疫抑制的条件下，应用辐照同种异体血管进行同种异体血管移植是可行的。     

可降解外套管抑制自体移植静脉内膜增生的研究

目的:研究可降解的外套管束缚自体移植静脉对减轻桥静脉内膜、中层增厚的作用,探讨其防止或延缓桥静脉再狭窄的机制。方法:建立犬自体股静脉至股动脉的端-端静脉移植模型,其中一侧桥静脉外加聚乳酸-聚乙醇酸(PLGA)做成的圆柱形外套管(外套管组),对侧单纯静脉移植作为对照组。超声多普勒观察在体移植血管的通畅性。术后2、4、6、8、24周再次手术取桥静脉。光镜观察移植静脉中段内膜、中层厚度,胶原、弹力纤维变化;透射电镜观察静脉壁基底膜、细胞排列、细胞增殖、凋亡,细胞骨架结构,细胞外基质(ECM)变化等;免疫组化观察静脉壁细胞增殖、凋亡及分布。结果:术后40条静脉均通畅,吻合口无狭窄。对照组术后2周见内膜、中层增厚;随时间延长,增厚更加明显。外套管组术后2周内膜、中层稍增厚;4~24周持续增厚,但各时间点均明显小于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01);对照组术后2周见中层平滑肌、外膜弹力纤维断裂严重,而外套管组无明显断裂。新生静脉内膜由平滑肌细胞(SMCs)和大量ECM构成,中层主要为SMCs和ECM;术后2周,静脉壁细胞增殖和凋亡率都较高,主要分布在内膜和中层,外套管组明显低于对照组(P<0.01),4周以后两者显著下降,凋亡率高于增殖率(P<0.05)。结论:可降解外套管在术后早期可保持静脉结构的完整性,减轻管壁结构破     

新型小口径生物型人造血管的光镜和扫描电镜观察

目的 观察小口径生物型人造血管移植后6月内不同时期的血管材料腔内面内膜层的组织病理学和扫描电镜变化,探讨研制一种新型小口径生物型人造血管.方法 19只健康杂种犬作为实验对象,手术切除3 cm颈总动脉,以口径4mm的小口径新型人造血管进行桥接.其中19只犬的19侧颈部随机分为1、8、12、24周四组,各含4、4、6、5条动脉.四组的近、远心端均行端-端吻合术.以彩色多普勒B超监测移植血管2周内通畅情况,并于取材前行颈总动脉DSA造影术,观察人造血管不同时间的通畅率.术后1、8、12、24周分期切取标本,标本经处理后分别作光镜和扫描电镜检查.结果 四组19条人造血管除12周组和24周组各1条血管阻塞外,其余血管均通畅.组织病理学及扫描电镜检查显示:植入后1周,血管吻合口处有少量的纤维组织增生混杂有薄层少量红色血栓形成,尚未见内皮细胞生长.移植后8周,宿主组织通过人造血管孔隙长入血管腔内参与移植血管新内膜的形成,新内膜形成较均匀,其中有丰富的胶原纤维组织增生,但仍未见内皮细胞生长.移植后12周,镜下于吻合口处,可见新内膜表面有不连续的内皮细胞生长,且内皮细胞形态成熟,其下的胶原纤维增生更致密;而于人造血管中段,可见不成熟的内皮细胞呈岛状生长,新内膜层结构较吻合口处疏松,其间尚可见炎性细胞生长.移植后24周,通畅的人造血管整段管腔内面均可见内皮细胞生长,吻合口附近新内膜表面可见连续的内皮细胞生长.结论 以新型生物型人造血管修复犬颈总动脉缺损是可行的,新内膜形成早和完整,24周内自然内皮化相对满意,是一种很有发展前途的新型人造血管.     

自体静脉移植重建动脉损伤的疗效观察

目的：身体静脉移植重建动脉长期疗效的可行性。方法：12例上下肢主要动脉损伤接受了自体静脉移植，重建动脉14条。其中股动脉8条，腋动脉4条，股深和肱动脉各1条，静脉来源均取自健侧大隐静脉。吻合方法，静脉反向与缺损动脉桥接吻合。结果：14条重建动脉近远期通畅率100％。结论：自体大隐静脉移植重建四肢动脉损伤疗效可靠，长期随访肢体，血供正常，疗效确切。     

应用腹膜进行门静脉修复重建的实验研究

目的 探讨自体腹膜管能否应用于门静脉重建。方法 采用健康幼猪２７头,切除２．５￣３ｃｍ长门静脉,分别代以自体腹膜管、自体静脉和涤纶人工血管,观察移植后腹膜管通畅率及组织病理变化。结果 在移植后的早期,腹膜管径轻度均匀扩张,管胶通畅率１２／１３（９２．３％）;在移植后３个月,管周纤维组织增生明显,通畅率为８／１０（８０．０％）;移植后５个月,通畅率为４／６（６６．７％）;其通畅率较采用自体静脉修复稍     

应用同种异体静脉移植材料可行性的实验研究

本文报告自１９８９年开始对醛化同种异体静脉移植于动脉后的组织学演变及早期通畅率进行的实验研究的结果，证明醛化后的异体静脉不引起宿主的排异反应，且移植前后的静脉壁基本结构没有改变，移植血管的内皮细胞完全来源于近吻合口的宿主动脉，内皮下层肌细胞增生较自体静脉移值组严重，通畅率受血流速度、血管口径的影响，在高血流条件下，即使移植血管尚未完全内膜化，仍能保持满意的通畅率。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.