Anterior segment optical coherence tomography for evaluation of changes in anterior chamber angle and depth after intraocular lens implantation in eyes with glaucoma

PURPOSE: To examine anterior chamber depth (ACD) and anterior chamber angle (ACA) in patients with glaucoma after cataract extraction with an anterior optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. METHODS: A new commercially available 1310 nm infrared light anterior segment OCT system was used for anterior chamber evaluation. Sixty patients (n=20 with primary open angle glaucoma [POAG], n=20 with angle closure glaucoma [ACG], and n=20 with no known glaucoma as control group) with a mean age of 68.8+/-13.9 years undergoing cataract surgery were enrolled. RESULTS: Before cataract surgery, ACD and ACA of the ACG group were significantly lower compared to the POAG and control groups (ACD p<0.005; ACA p<0.005). After cataract extraction, ACD and ACA increased significantly in the ACG group (3.1+/-0.4 mm vs 1.8+/-0.2 mm, p<0.005 and 32.3 degrees +/-7.7 degrees vs 16.0 degrees +/-4.7 degrees , p<0.005). In the POAG and control groups, ACD and ACA also increased postoperatively, but not as much as in the ACG group. After cataract extraction, IOP decreased significantly in the glaucoma groups (ACG: 15.6+/-6.1 vs 18.6+/-5.7 mm Hg, p=0.008; POAG: 16.2+/-3.4 vs 20.7+/-8.0 mmHg, p=0.02) and was almost the same in all three groups after surgery (control group after surgery: 15.2+/-2.8 mmHg). CONCLUSIONS: Both ACD and ACA increased significantly after cataract extraction and IOL implantation. IOP reduction after surgery was higher in the glaucoma groups compared to the control group.     

Alteration of anterior chamber in 81 glaucomatous eyes using Pentacam Scheimpflug system

AIM: To study the effects of gender, eye side and age on anterior chamber measurements; To compare the anterior chamber parameters between glaucoma and normal subjects. METHODS: A total of 169 patients (299 eyes), of which 122 normal subjects (218 eyes), 24 cases (39 eyes) with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and 22 cases (42 eyes) with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) visiting our hospital from Apr. 2008 to Oct. 2008 were enrolled. The parameters measured by Pentacam between different sexes, eye sides, ages and different groups were compared. RESULTS: The mean central anterior chamber depth (CACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV) and anterior chamber angle (ACA) measurements of normal eyes were 2.82±0.43mm, 159.74±43.64mm3 and 35.47±7.92°. There were no significant differences between different eye sides. There was a negative correlation between age and anterior chamber parameters (all P <0.001); The mean CACD, ACV and ACA were 1.87±0.29mm, 82.00±24.17mm3 and 21.94±7.11° in PACG group, and 2.67±0.34mm, 147.24±43.40mm3 and 31.19±6.34° in POAG group. The differences between PACG and age-matched normal subjects were significant (all P <0.05), but there was no significant difference between POAG and age-matched normal subjects (P >0.05). CONCLUSION: CACD, ACV and ACA decrease mildly with age. Anterior chamber parameters of PACG are smaller than that of normal eyes, but there is no difference between POAG and normal eyes.     

Pentacam及UBM测量原发性闭角型青光眼前房深度一致性的研究

目的探讨Pentaeam与超声生物显微镜（UBM）测量原发性闭角型青光眼（PACG）中央前房深度（ACD）结果的一致性。方法选取PACG患者77例（77眼）,分为2组：急性闭角型青光眼（APACG）患者37例（37眼）,慢性闭角型青光眼（CPACG）患者40例（40眼）。应用Pentacam及UBM分别测量其中央ACD。结果APACG组Pentacam测得的ACD为（1．6467±0．2687）mm,UBM测得的ACD为（1．5601±0．2677）mm,差异有统计学意义（t=-7．259,P〈0．01）,2种方法在测量ACD时呈正相关（r：0．939,P〈0．01）。CPACG组Pentacam测得的ACD为（2．0622±0．2317）mm,UBM测得的ACD为（1．9648±0．2176）mm,差异有统计学意义（t=-10．433,P〈0．01）,2种方法在测量ACD时呈正相关（r=0．967,P〈0．01）。应用Bland—Altman分析对2种测量方法进行一致性评价,2种方法测量ACD值的结果具有较好的一致性。结论Pentacam作为一种新型的三维眼前节分析诊断系统,在测量PACG的中央ACD时与UBM有一定差异,但其差异在临床可接受范围内,其值可相互替代使用。在临床工作中应把二者的优势结合起来,综合分析。     

Comparison of surgical outcomes after phacotrabeculectomy in primary angle-closure glaucoma versus primary open-angle glaucoma

Purpose:

To compare postoperative outcomes and assess factors associated with intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction after phacotrabeculectomy in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG).

Methods:

This is a retrospective study of patients who underwent phacotrabeculectomy between 2010 and 2013. Factors including age, gender, visual field (VF), the number of glaucoma medications used, biometric changes, IOP, and surgical success rates were compared between groups.

Results:

There were 27 PACG and 34 POAG patients. The PACG group had a greater mean IOP reduction after phacotrabeculectomy compared to the POAG group (5.5 ± 7.9 mmHg versus 2.0 ± 4.2 mmHg; p = 0.03). However, the final mean IOP was similar between the two groups (PACG: 12.2 ± 4.8 mmHg, POAG: 12.3 ± 3.1 mmHg; p = 0.92). Phacotrabeculectomy resulted in a mean decrease in axial length (AL) of 0.16 ± 0.15 mm in PACG and 0.16 ± 0.11 mm in POAG (p = 0.96), and an increase in anterior chamber depth (ACD) of 1.41 ± 0.91 mm in PACG, and 0.87 ± 0.86 mm in POAG (p = 0.04). At 2 years follow-up, the cumulative success rate of phacotrabeculectomy was 74% in PACG and 62% in POAG. Multivariate analysis found that early glaucoma stage, greater postoperative increase in ACD, and high preoperative IOP were factors associated with greater IOP reduction.

Conclusion:

Postoperative success rates and mean IOP on the final visit after phacotrabeculectomy were similar between the PACG and POAG groups. Factors associated with IOP reduction were greater postoperative increase in ACD, and high preoperative IOP.     

The effect of central corneal thickness on estimates of the anterior chamber depth

Background: The slitlamp can be used to estimate the anterior chamber depth (ACD). The length of a slit object is increased until the corneal and iris/lens images appear to just touch. Multiplying the just‐touching‐slit‐length (JTSL) by a conversion factor gives an estimate of the ACD as measured by ultrasonography. The purpose of this study was to determine if central corneal thickness (CCT) affects the accuracy of this technique. Methods: The ACD of 50 subjects was measured by A‐scan ultrasonography and estimated by the slitlamp technique. CCT was measured by ultrasonic pachometry. The refractive error was determined subjectively. Results: The average ultrasonographic ACD for all subjects was 3.32 ± 0.65 mm. The average JTSL was 2.46 ± 0.38 mm. The conversion ratio between the ultrasonographic ACD and the average JTSL was 1.35. The predicted ACD using the regression equation of JTSL on the ultrasound anterior chamber depth (USACD) was 3.32 ± 0.54 mm. The corresponding value using the regression equation of JTSL and CCT on USACD was exactly the same, that is, 3.32 ± 0.54 mm. Conclusion: Incorporation of CCT into a regression equation does not improve the accuracy of the Smith technique.     

原发性闭角型青光眼双眼前节结构及眼轴长度的对比

目的 原发性闭角型青光眼双眼发病常有先后之别问题进行初步探讨.方法 收集2007年1月至5月治疗的原发性闭角型青光眼患者82例,其中急性闭角型青光眼58例,慢性闭角型青光眼24例.使用超生生物显微镜(UBM)和IOL-master测量原发性闭角型青光眼患者双眼前房深度及眼轴长度,A超测角膜厚度、晶体厚度,角膜地形图测量角膜曲率,比较先发病眼与对侧眼之间有无差异.结果 急性闭角型青光眼患者先发病眼UBM前房深度值为(1.78±0.25)mm,对侧眼(1.86±0.24)mm,差异有统计学意义(t=4.15,P<0.01);慢性闭角型青光眼患者先发病眼UBM值为(2.02±0.30)mm,对侧眼为(2.05±0.28)mm,差异无统计学意义(t=0.36,P>0.05).急性闭角型青光眼患者先发病眼IOL-master前房深度值为(2.36±0.19)mm,对侧眼(2.38±0.26)mm,差异无统计学意义(t=0.59,P>0.05);慢性闭角型青光眼患者先发病眼值为(2.54±0.30)mm,对侧眼为(2.57±0.24)mm,差异无统计学意义(t=0.63,P>0.05).急性闭角型青光眼患者先发病眼IOL-master测量的眼轴长度值为(22.42±0.88)mm,对侧眼(22.47±1.01)mm,差异无统计学意义(t=0.39,P>0.05);慢性闭角型青光眼患者先发病眼值为(22.62±1.07)mm,对侧眼为(22.61±1.12)mm,差异无统计学意义(t=0.113,P>0.05).急性闭角型青光眼患者先发病眼A超测得角膜厚度值为(563±41.21)mm,对侧眼(552±26.77)mm,差异无统计学意义(t=0.986,P>0.05);慢性闭角型青光眼患者先发病眼值为(558±38.25)mm,对侧眼为(555±28.21)mm,差异无统计学意义(t=0.894,P>0.05).急性闭角型青光眼患者先发病眼A超测得晶体厚度值为(4.91±0.37)mm,对侧眼(4.84±0.31)mm,差异无显著性(t=1.061,p>0.05);慢性闭角型青光眼患者先发病眼值为(4.76±0.31)mm,对侧眼为(4.77±0.30)mm,无显著差异(t=-0.113,P>0.05).急性闭角型青光眼患者先发病眼角膜地形图测得角膜曲率值为(44.92±1.21)D,对侧眼(44.76±1.05)D,差异无统计学意义(t=1.348,P>0.05);慢性闭角型青光眼患者先发病眼值为(44.79±1.26)D,对侧眼为(44.68±1.22)mm,差异无统计学意义(t=1.194,P>0.05).结论 原发性急性闭角型青光眼患者双眼发病先后之别与双眼前房深度的差异有一定关系.     

白内障手术对滤过术后的原发性闭角型青光眼前房深度和晶状体位置的影响

目的比较滤过术后晶状体混浊的原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)与单纯老年性白内障患者超声乳化白内障吸出联合人工晶状体(IOL)植入术手术前后前房深度和晶状体位置的改变。设计比较性病例系列。研究对象小梁切除术后具有功能性滤过泡且未用药下眼压≤21 mm Hg的PACG患者16例(16眼)及年龄、性别匹配的单纯老年性白内障患者17例(17眼)。方法在超声乳化白内障吸出联合IOL植入术前及术后1周行眼前段相干光断层扫描(AS-OCT),比较PACG组和对照组手术前后的前房深度和晶状体位置参数。主要指标中央前房深度(ACD)、前房宽度(ACW)、晶状体厚度(LT)和晶状体矢高(CLR)。结果术前PACG组的ACD(1.74±0.33)mm较正常对照组(2.67±0.21)mm浅(t=-5.961,P=0.00),LT(5.38±0.44)mm和CLR(0.98±0.46)mm较正常对照组(分别为4.72±0.25 mm和0.51±0.17 mm)大(t=-3.707、3.028,P=0.00和0.04),两组间ACW比较无统计学差异(t=1.608,P=0.09);术后两组间的ACD(3.32±0.20 mm vs.3.65±0.40 mm)、ACW(11.12±0.42 mm vs.11.30±0.25 mm)和CLR(-0.60±0.14 mmvs.-0.56±0.29 mm)比较均无统计学差异(P均>0.05);手术后两组间ACD的平均增加值(1.58 mm vs.0.98 mm),CLR的平均减少值(1.58 mm vs.1.06 mm)有统计学差异(t=0.771、0.236,P=0.04、0.00)。结论滤过术后的PACG患者前房深度仍比正常人浅,晶状体较厚且位置靠前;行超声乳化吸出联合IOL植入术后可明显加深前房深度、改善前房拥挤的现象。     

Pentacam前房分析仪测量原发性闭角型青光眼YAG激光周边虹膜切除术前后前房形态参数的对比研究

目的 应用Pentacam三维前房分析仪,测量原发性闭角型青光眼患者YAG激光周边虹膜切除术前、后前房形态参数变化,寻找以该检测方法评价前房形态变化的敏感指标.方法 前瞻性对照研究.早期原发性闭角型青光眼（PACG）患者47例（47眼）,其中急性PACG患者21例,慢性PACG患者26例,行YAG激光周边虹膜切除术.术前及术后2周分别行Pentacam三维前房分析仪检查,观察前房形态变化并分析术前、术后前房形态参数,即中央前房深度、前房容积及前房夹角的变化;同时比较急性PACG与慢性PACG以及用药与未用药组激光后前房形态参数变化.激光前、后眼前段参数比较采用配对t检验,激光后两组前房形态参数变化的比较采用独立样本t检验.结果 PACG患者激光术前中央前房深度为（1.84±0.31）mm,前房容积为（65.04±20.68）mm3,前房夹角为（25.44±6.38）°;激光术后中央前房深度为（1.89±0.28）mm,前房容积为（92.19±21.07）mm3,前房夹角为（23.86±5.96）°;术后中央前房深度、前房容积较术前变大,差异有统计学意义（t=-3.10,P=0.003;t=-17.02,P=0.000）,前房夹角无明显改变（t=1.91,P=0.060）.激光后,急性PACG患者前房容积增加值为（29.76±10.84）mm3,慢性PACG患者为（23.31±10.07）mm3,差异有统计学意义（t=2.09,P=0.040）.随访1年以上,未用药眼压保持稳定者激光后前房容积增加值为（31.93±11.99）mm,经用药而使眼压保持稳定者为（18.71±7.06）mm3,差异有统计学意义（t=3.17,P=0.005）.结论 YAG激光周边虹膜切除术可改善PACG患者的浅前房状态,前房容积与中央前房深度是应用Pentacam三维前房分析仪衡量前房形态变化的较敏感的参数.急性PACG患者激光后前房容积增加值较慢性PACG患者大,未用药眼压保持稳定的患者激光后前房容积增加值较经用药患者大.     

Pentacam对原发性闭角型青光眼激光周边虹膜切开术前后前房形态和参数的评估

背景 Pentacam三维眼前节分析诊断系统(Pentacam)在对原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)眼前节的定量评估中比裂隙灯显微镜和超声生物显微镜(UBM)更为准确,但目前其在急性PACG临床前期眼和慢性PACG对侧眼的YAG激光虹膜周边切开术(LPI)后前房测量中的应用仍较少. 目的 评估Pentacam在早期PACG眼LPI手术前后前房形态变化及其应用价值. 方法 采用前瞻性自身对照研究设计,纳入2012年7月至2013年12月在河北医科大学第二医院确诊的PACG患者70例70眼,包括急性PACG对侧眼(临床前期眼)和慢性PACG对侧眼各35眼,所有受检眼均行LPI.采用Pentacam测量受检眼LPI术前与术后1、7和28 d的前房深度(ACD)、前房容积(ACV)和前房夹角(ACA),并比较急性PACG临床前期眼与慢性PACG对侧眼LPI术后前房形态参数的变化幅度. 结果 急性PACG临床前期眼各时间点ACD和ACV的总体比较差异均有统计学意义(ACD:F=6.783,P=0.004;ACV:F=19.090,P=0.000),各时间点ACA值变化差异无统计学意义(F=0.153,P=0.928),其中LPI术后各时间点ACD较术前加深,ACV较术前增加,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).慢性PACG对侧眼各时间点ACD和ACV的总体比较差异有统计学意义(ACD:F=21.576,P=0.000;ACV:F=47.506,P=0.000),而各时间点间ACA比较差异无统计学意义(F=0.581,P=0.629),其中LPI术后各时间点ACD较术前加深,ACV较术前增加,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).急性PACG临床前期眼术后28 d,ACD和ACV与术前的变化值分别为(0.064±0.022) mm和(27.840±4.963) mm3,明显高于慢性PACG对侧眼的(0.047±0.020) mm和(21.000±3.278) mm3,组间差异均有统计学意义(ACD:t=2.783,P=0.008;ACV:t=5.749,P=0.000). 结论 Pentacam可以用来量化评价PACG患者LPI后的眼前节形态和参数的变化,急性PACG临床前期眼术后ACD和ACV的增加值大于慢性PACG对侧眼.     

原发性闭角型青光眼解剖结构的前段OCT测量

目的：探讨原发性闭角型青光眼与正常眼的眼前段解剖结构差异。 方法：使用AS-OCT对116例原发性闭角型青光眼及336例正常对照组的眼前段解剖结构(包括晶状体厚度、前房轴深及前房角开放距离)进行测量,同时对3种不同的前房轴深测量方法进行比较。 结果：原发性闭角型青光眼与正常眼相比,前房浅、晶状体厚、房角开放距离减小,以上差异均有显著性(P<005);前房深度与年龄呈负相关,晶状体厚度与年龄呈正相关;前房轴深与晶状体厚度之间有明显的负相关关系（P<0.05）,前房轴深与前房角开放距离之间有明显的正相关关系（P<0.05）;在对同一患者的前房轴深测量比较中体现前段OCT较UBM测量值更为精确（P<0.05）。 结论:原发性闭角型青光眼以浅前房、厚晶状体及窄房角为特点,房角开放距离可作为原发性闭角型青光眼的早期诊疗指标之一,眼前段OCT可作为青光眼早期诊断的有效工具。     

Comparison of symptomatic and asymptomatic, chronic, primary angle-closure glaucoma, open-angle glaucoma, and controls

PURPOSE: To determine the clinical features and anatomic parameters in asymptomatic (creeping) and symptomatic, chronic, primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) as compared with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and with control subjects with normal eyes. METHODS: Forty consecutive patients with each of the following four types of eyes were studied (N = 160): eyes with symptomatic PACG, eyes with asymptomatic PACG, eyes with OAG, and the eyes of age-, sex-, and refraction-matched control subjects. The refractive status, keratometry, pachymetry, corneal diameter, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, axial length, and relative lens position were noted. The groups were compared using a paired t test and analysis of variance. RESULTS: Patients with asymptomatic chronic PACG were older than patients in the symptomatic group, were more often men, and were more likely to have either diabetes mellitus or hypertension. Symptomatic chronic PACG eyes were more hypermetropic. Asymptomatic eyes had more iridotrabecular synechiae and minimal pupillary ruff atrophy as compared with the symptomatic eyes that had largely iridocorneal synechiae and large areas where the ruff was absent. All other clinical and anatomic parameters were statistically similar in the two groups, but differed significantly from OAG and control eyes. CONCLUSIONS: The ocular parameters of asymptomatic or creeping angle closure eyes show that these are significantly different from eyes having POAG. Asymptomatic and symptomatic chronic PACG eyes are structurally similar. Open-angle glaucoma eyes and normal eyes were comparable, but differed from both the chronic angle-closure glaucoma groups in having a larger corneal diameter, deeper anterior chamber, thinner lens, and a longer axial length. The symptomatic chronic PACG eyes showed more evidence of ischemic damage to the iris, and this could account for the symptoms reported by these patients.     

25G前段玻璃体切除术治疗极浅前房青光眼合并白内障的疗效和安全性

目的：观察巩膜瓣下25G前段玻璃体切除术在超声乳化联合小梁切除术治疗极浅前房青光眼合并白内障中的安全性及有效性。

方法：回顾性分析18例18眼青光眼合并白内障患者(8例男性,10例女性),其中11眼为原发性急性闭角型青光眼,7眼为晶状体半脱位继发青光眼。所有患者经保守治疗后眼压不能控制,均接受白内障超声乳化并人工晶状体植入术、小梁切除术及巩膜瓣下前段玻璃体切除术。主要观察指标为最佳矫正视力、前房深度、眼压、裂隙灯显微镜、降眼压药物、眼底及并发症情况。

结果：患者平均眼轴为21.5±0.6 mm,平均年龄为62.3±7.9岁。术前平均前房深度0.78±0.43 mm,术后1wk平均前房深度2.89±0.41 mm(P<0.001)。术后1wk平均眼压16.72±6.28 mmHg,较术前平均眼压43.28±9.38 mmHg显著下降(P<0.001)。均未发生如眼内炎、视网膜脱离、脉络膜上腔出血、角膜内皮失代偿、恶性青光眼等并发症。

结论：巩膜瓣下25G前段玻璃体切除术在超声乳化联合小梁切除术治疗极浅前房青光眼合并白内障是安全有效的。

     

Post-miosis changes in the anterior chamber structures in primary and lens-induced secondary chronic angle-closure glaucoma

To evaluate post-miosis changes in the anterior chamber structures in various angle-closure glaucomas (ACG). Totally 14 eyes of primary chronic angle-closure glaucoma (PCACG), 12 eyes of lens-induced secondary chronic angle-closure glaucoma (LSACG) and 14 healthy eyes were recruited. After miosis, for PCACG group, intraocular pressure (IOP) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) changed not significantly, while anterior chamber angle widened significantly. LSACG group showed a significant increase in IOP, decrease in ACD, and narrowing in anterior chamber angle. Healthy eyes showed significant decreases in IOP and anterior chamber parameters. Thus, miosis could widen the anterior chamber angle of patients with PCACG, while increase the narrowing of anterior chamber angle and IOP of patients with LSACG. We should pay attention to the distinction between PCACG and LSACG patients and the proper administration of pilocarpine in the treatment of patients with chronic ACG.     

原发性闭角型青光眼发病眼与对侧眼的生物解剖结构差异

目的观察原发性闭角型青光眼(POAG)发病眼与对侧未发作眼(临床前期眼)解剖结构的差异。方法采用NIDEK Echoscan US-1800型A型超声测量系统对65例(130只眼)原发性急性闭角型青光眼(AACG)和38例(76只眼)原发性慢性闭角型青光眼(CACG)的解剖结构(前房深度、晶状体厚度、眼轴长度)进行测量,同时计算屈光度,使用SAS软件进行统计分析。结果 (1)AACG青光眼的发病眼和对侧未发作眼的解剖结构相比,屈光度、眼轴的均值有显著性差异。(2)AACG的发病眼和对侧未发作眼的解剖结构无显著性差异。(3)AACG的发病眼和CACG的发病眼相比,除前房深度外,各项均值均有显著性差异。且与对侧眼比较,除前房深度、晶状体深度外,各项均值有显著性差异。结论 AACG的患眼眼轴短、屈光度高。AACG与CACG的解剖结构存在差异,AACG的屈光度高、晶状体位置前移、眼轴更短。     

原发性闭角型青光眼患者一级亲属眼前节结构特点

目的：研究原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)患者一级亲属的眼前节结构特点。方法：选择2020-09/2022-10于南昌大学附属眼科医院就诊的40-60岁PACG一级亲属48例48眼作为观察组,同时纳入同年龄段、无青光眼及青光眼家族史的健康体检者40例40眼为对照组,按年龄分为低龄组(40-49岁)和高龄组(50-60岁)。所有研究对象均行超声生物显微镜(UBM)检查,使用camera measure测量软件进行测量,主要测量指标包括前房深度(ACD)、前房面积(ACA)、前房宽度(ACW)、眼前节深度(ASD)、房角开放距离(AOD500)、小梁虹膜夹角(TIA)、小梁虹膜间面积(TISA500)、晶状体拱高(LV)、虹膜曲率(IC)、虹膜厚度(IT500)、巩膜睫状突夹角(SCPA)及虹膜睫状突距离(ICPD)。比较两组各指标。结果：观察组ACD、ACA、AOD500、TISA500、TIA均比对照组小,LV、IC均比对照组大(均P&#x003C;0.05)。高龄观察组ACD、ACA、AOD500、TISA500、TIA明显小于同龄对照组,LV、IC大于同龄对照组(均P&#x003C;0.05); 低龄观察组ACD、AOD500、TISA500、TIA明显小于同龄对照组,LV、IC显著大于同龄对照组(均P&#x003C;0.05)。高龄观察组的ACD、ACA、AOD500、TISA500、TIA均显著小于低龄观察组,LV、IC显著大于低龄观察组(均P&#x003C;0.05)。观察组与对照组ACD分布有差异(P&#x003C;0.05),其中中重度浅前房的占比约为对照组的10倍。相关性分析表明,TISA500与ACD、ACA呈正相关,与LV、IC呈负相关,TISA500主要受LV影响。IC与LV呈正相关,与ACD、ACA呈负相关。结论：正常眼轴的PACG一级亲属存在房角关闭的高风险性。PACG一级亲属的眼前节结构较正常人拥挤,晶状体前移可能是导致房角狭窄的始动影响因素。     

New Management of Angle—closure Glaucoma by Phacoemulsification with Foldable Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens Implantation

Objective: To investigate the management oi angle-closure glaucoma byphacoemulsification with foldable posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL)implantation.Design: Retrospective, noncontrolled interventional case series.Participants: In 36 eyes with angle-closure glaucoma (ACG) , there were 18 eyes withprimary acute angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) , 14 eyes with primary chronicangle-closure glaucoma (PCCG) , 3 eyes with secondary acute angle-closure glaucoma(SACG) and 1 eye with secondary chronic angle-closure glaucoma (SCCG).Intervention: Phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation.Main Outcome Measures: Postoperative visual acuity, IOP, axial anterior chamberdepth.Results: After a mean postoperative follow-up time of 8. 81±7. 45 months, intraocularpressure was reduced from a preoperative mean of 23. 81 ±17. 84 mmHg to apostoperative mean of 12. 54 4. 73 mmHg ( P =0. 001). Mean anterior chamber depthwas 1. 75 ± 0. 48 mm preoperatively and 2. 29 ?0. 38 mm postoperatively     

PACG激光虹膜切开术前后前节OCT扫描各参数变化研究

目的：观察原发性闭角青光眼（primary angle closure glaucoma,PACG）行激光虹膜切开术前后前节OCT扫描参数变化。方法：原发性闭角型青光眼30例42眼1/2以上象限房角开放,进行自身对照研究,利用前节OCT于激光虹膜切开术前及术后4wk进行检查,主要指标包括：前房角开放距离、小梁网与虹膜间面积、中央前房深度。术前术后检测参数比较,服从正态分布采用配对t检验,不服从正态分布的采用秩和检验。结果：PACG患者30例42眼LPI术前距巩膜突500μm处,前房角开放距离0.172±0.078μm,小梁网与虹膜间面积0.066±0.025mm2;距巩膜突750μm处,前房角开放距离0.268±0.133μm,小梁网与虹膜间面积0.122±0.045mm2;LPI术后距巩膜突500μm处,前房角开放距离0.277±0.105μm,小梁网与虹膜间面积0.113±0.041mm2;距巩膜突750μm处,前房角开放距离0.388±0.154μm,小梁网与虹膜间面积0.194±0.063mm2（P〈0.05）差异有统计学意义,但前房深度无明显变化,差异无统计学意义（P=0.108）。结论：激光虹膜切开术可以解决瞳孔阻滞,使前房角开放距离、小梁网与虹膜间面积增加,但前房深度不变。     

原发性闭角型青光眼白内障术后房角形态的改变

目的:研究原发性闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者在白内障摘除及人工晶体植入术后房角形态的改变,揭示白内障手术对闭角型青光眼房角形态的影响.方法:分别用中央前房深度仪、前房角镜、裂隙灯显微镜、Schi tz压陷式眼压计对28例(28只眼)闭角型青光眼合并白内障连续病例手术前后的中央前房深度、房角形态、眼压进行对照观察,其中有6例病人用UBM检查手术前后的房角情况.结果:术后中央前房深度加深者28例(100%),眼压不同程度下降者23例(82%),房角增宽者21例(75%),术前房角有粘连者21例,术后粘连范围减少者11例(52%).UBM检查发现瞳孔阻滞性闭角型青光眼在白内障术后,中央前房加深,虹膜由膨隆变为平坦,房角入口由狭窄、关闭变为增宽、开放,睫状体在白内障术后发生后移;非瞳孔阻滞性闭角型青光眼在白内障术后,虹膜根部附着位置与形态及睫状体的形态与位置无明显改变,房角没有增宽和开放.结论:瞳孔阻滞性闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者在白内障术后由于瞳孔阻滞解除,房角均可较术前不同程度增宽,甚至部分非牢固粘连区可再开放,所以,应先行单纯白内障摘除及人工晶体植入术,术后对房角和眼压再评价,然后针对术后房角和眼压状态作出对青光眼的处理;非瞳孔阻滞性闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者在白内障术后房角没有增宽,粘连没有开放,因此,除了进行单纯的白内障摘除及人工晶体植入术外,还应针对这种青光眼作出相应的处理.     

The effect of illumination-microscope angle on slit lamp estimate of the anterior chamber depth.

PURPOSE: The anterior chamber depth can be estimated by the slitlamp without additional attachments. The method involves increasing the length of a horizontal slit focused on the cornea until the corneal and iris/lens images appear to just touch. For a slitlamp angle of 60 degrees, multiplying the just-touching slit length (JTSL) by 1.4 gives an estimate of the anterior chamber depth as measured by ultrasonography. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the slitlamp angle affects the accuracy of the procedure. METHODS: The anterior chamber depth of 63 adult male and female subjects aged between 19 and 44 years was measured by A-scan ultrasonography and estimated by the slitlamp technique. The angle between the illumination and microscope systems was varied at 10 degrees intervals from 30 degrees to 70 degrees. RESULTS: The average ultrasonographic anterior chamber depth for all subjects was 3.23 +/- 0.38 mm. The average JTSL was as follows: 30 degrees = 1.5 mm, 40 degrees = 1.7 mm, 50 degrees = 2.1 mm, 60 degrees = 2.3 mm, and 70 degrees = 2.5 mm. The conversion ratio between the ultrasonographic anterior chamber depth and the average JTSL was as follows: 30 degrees = 2.2, 40 degrees = 1.9, 50 degrees = 1.5, 60 degrees = 1.4, and 70 degrees = 1.3. The ultrasonic anterior chamber depth was best estimated at 60 degrees. The 95% limits of agreement between the estimated and measured anterior chamber depth were as follows: 30 degrees = -0.76 to +0.84 mm, 40 degrees = -0.75 to +0.63 mm, 50 degrees = -0.36 to +0.46 mm, 60 degrees = -0.26 to +0.28 mm, and 70 degrees = -0.45 to +0.41 mm. CONCLUSIONS: These results experimentally confirm Smith's suggestion that the optimum slitlamp angle at which to accurately estimate the anterior chamber depth is 60 degrees. At this angle, estimates of the anterior chamber depth are minimally deviated from the gold standard (A-scan ultrasonography). At a slitlamp angle of 60 degrees, the JTSL can be converted to an estimate of the ultrasonic anterior chamber depth by multiplying it by 1.40.     

超声生物显微镜在青光眼白内障联合手术中的应用

目的:利用超声生物显微镜(ultrasound biomicroscope,UBM)检查的结果来指导青光眼合并白内障患者术前手术方法的选择,观察患者术后房角及其相关结构的改变。方法:对合并白内障的原发性闭角型青光眼(primary angle closure glaucoma,PACG)患者30例(30眼)行小梁切除术联合白内障小切口手法碎核晶状体摘除及人工晶状体植入。术前及术后1mo常规行视力、裂隙灯、用UBM测量前房深度(anterior chamber distance,ACD)、小梁虹膜角(tra-becular iris angle,TIA)、房角开放距离500(angle opening dis-tance,AOD500)、小梁睫状体距离(trabecular ciliary proces-ses distance,TCPD)和虹膜厚度1(iris distance,ID1)的检查,同时记录眼压的变化并进行分析。结果:术后眼压较术前明显降低。ACD、TIA、AOD500、TCPD术前术后比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。ID1术前术后比较无显著性差异。结论:青光眼白内障联合手术可明显加深前房,增宽房角,重新开放小梁网。远期效果待于更多样本、更长时间的术后观察。