槲皮素治疗大鼠急性痛风性关节炎的实验研究

目的观察槲皮素对尿酸钠致急性痛风性关节炎模型大鼠踝关节肿胀度的影响,并初步探讨其作用机制。方法采用大鼠右后肢踝关节腔内注射尿酸钠溶液制备急性痛风性关节炎模型,缚线法测定大鼠不同时相踝关节肿胀度,比色法测定大鼠血清、肝脏、脾脏和滑膜中MDA和NO含量以及SOD、GSH-PX、CAT等活性。结果槲皮素能够显著抑制痛风性关节炎大鼠踝关节肿胀度,降低NO和MDA水平,提高组织中SOD、CAT和GSH-PX活性。结论槲皮素具有抗痛风性关节炎作用,其作用与抗炎和抗氧化作用有关。     

口服鸡Ⅱ型胶原治疗大鼠的佐剂型关节炎

目的 研究口服鸡Ⅱ型胶原对大鼠佐剂型关节炎的治疗作用。方法 建立大鼠佐剂型关节炎动物模型，通过胃管给药方式分别给予高、中、低剂量的鸡Ⅱ型胶原，对大鼠四肢关节进行评分，观察大鼠关节病变的发生和严重程度，采用免疫荧光技术，用流式细胞仪检测大鼠外周血T细胞亚群的变化，并且用大鼠rINFn检测试剂盒(固相夹心ELISA法)检测大鼠外周血TNFα水平的变化。结果 建立了大鼠佐剂型关节炎实验动物模型，口服高、中、低剂量的鸡Ⅱ型胶原均可减轻关节病变的发生，其中高剂量治疗组的作用最显著，而且大鼠外周血CD3 T细胞、CD4 T细胞和CD8 T细胞水平与关节炎模型组比较均有显著性差异，外周血TNFα水平也较模型组显著降低。结论 口服鸡Ⅱ型胶原可有效减轻实验性佐剂型关节炎大鼠的关节病变，其机理与口服耐受有关。     

骨性关节炎患者血清和关节液中自由基水平及意义

目的 了解骨性关节炎(OA)患者血清和关节液中自由基水平,探讨一氧化氮(NO)和氧自由基在骨性关节炎发生发展中的作用.方法 检测了63例骨性关节炎患者(OA组)和20例健康对照者(对照组)血清和关节液中NO和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)的含量.结果 与对照组比较,OA患者血清中NO和MDA含量显著升高(P＜0.01),SOD含量明显下降(P＜0.05);关节液中NO和MDA含量明显高于血清中的含量(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),SOD含量低于血清中的含量(P＜0.05).结论 OA患者体内自由基水平增高,NO和氧自由基在骨性关节炎的发病机制中具有重要的作用.     

蛇葡萄素对2型糖尿病大鼠NO/NOS水平及抗氧化能力的影响

目的 研究蛇葡萄素对2型糖尿病大鼠的降糖作用及NO/NOS水平和抗氧化能力的影响.方法采用高糖高脂饲料饲养大鼠1个月,再一次性腹腔注射小剂量链脲佐茵素,建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型.观察高、低剂量蛇葡萄素对糖尿病大鼠的降糖作用,并检测各组动物血清NO/NOS及肾脏组织SOD,MDA,GSH-Px含量.结果高、低剂量蛇葡萄素均能降低2型糖尿病大鼠的血糖水平,抑制糖尿病大鼠血浆NO、iNOS水平,降低肾脏组织MDA含量,提高SOD,GSH-Px活性.与模型组比较差异显著(P<0.05或0.01).结论 蛇葡萄素能够降低2型糖尿病大鼠血糖,增强糖尿病大鼠机体抗氧化作用及抑制糖尿病大鼠血清NO/iNOS水平.     

蛇葡萄素对2型糖尿病大鼠NO/NOS水平及抗氧化能力的影响

目的研究蛇葡萄素对2型糖尿病大鼠的降糖作用及NO/NOS水平和抗氧化能力的影响。方法采用高糖高脂饲料饲养大鼠1个月,再一次性腹腔注射小剂量链脲佐菌素,建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型。观察高、低剂量蛇葡萄素对糖尿病大鼠的降糖作用,并检测各组动物血清NO/NOS及肾脏组织SOD,MDA,GSH-Px含量。结果高、低剂量蛇葡萄素均能降低2型糖尿病大鼠的血糖水平,抑制糖尿病大鼠血浆NO、iNOS水平,降低肾脏组织MDA含量,提高SOD,GSH-Px活性。与模型组比较差异显著(P<0.05或0.01)。结论蛇葡萄素能够降低2型糖尿病大鼠血糖,增强糖尿病大鼠机体抗氧化作用及抑制糖尿病大鼠血清NO/iNOS水平。     

胃力康颗粒对实验性胃溃疡模型大鼠的影响

目的:观察胃力康颗粒对实验性胃溃疡大鼠的影响,探讨胃力康颗粒对实验性胃溃疡大鼠溃疡愈合的作用。方法:制备大鼠胃溃疡模型,大鼠随机分成正常组、模型组、法莫替丁对照组和胃力康治疗组,术后连续给药7d,测定大鼠血清中一氧化氮(NO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果:与模型组比较,胃力康组能显著提高大鼠血清中NO和SOD含量,降低MDA的含量,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:胃力康对大鼠胃溃疡的保护性治疗作用,其机制可能与提高血清NO和SOD含量,降低MDA含量有关。     

苣荬菜水煎液对糖尿病大鼠的降血糖作用及其机制

目的观察苣荬菜水煎液对链脲佐菌素致糖尿病大鼠模型的降血糖作用及其机制。方法采用一次性腹腔注射链脲佐菌素的方法制作大鼠糖尿病模型,将大鼠分为空白组,模型组,二甲双胍组(0.47 g·kg^-1),苣荬菜水煎液高、中、低剂量组(3.34,1.67,0.83 g·kg^-1),实验中监测血糖,并检测各组大鼠血清中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活力,丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、谷光甘肽(glutathione,GSH)、一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、低密度脂蛋白(low density lipoprotein,LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(high density lipoprotein,HDL)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、糖基化血清蛋白(glycosylated serum protein,GSP)、胰岛素(insulin,INS)、胰岛素抗体(insulin antibody,IAA)水平和一氧化氮合酶(nitricoxidesynthase,NOS)活力,并采用HE染色法观察大鼠胰腺和肾脏组织病理变化。结果与空白组相比,模型组大鼠血糖值及血清NOS活力,MDA、NO、TC、LDL、TG、GSP、IAA水平显著升高(P<0.01),SOD活力,GSH、HDL、INS水平显著降低(P<0.01);与模型组相比,二甲双胍组和苣荬菜水煎液组各剂量均可不同程度降低血糖水平,二甲双胍组与苣荬菜水煎液高剂量组可显著升高SOD活力,GSH、HDL、INS水平(P<0.01),显著降低NOS活力,MDA、NO、TC、LDL、TG、GSP、IAA水平(P<0.01或P<0.05),改善胰腺、肾脏的病理变化。结论苣荬菜水煎液具有较好的降血糖效果,其作用机制与促进胰岛β细胞释放胰岛素有关,并可修复胰岛细胞组织、保护肾脏。     

南极磷虾油对高脂血症大鼠血脂和抗氧化力的影响

目的探讨南极磷虾油对实验性高脂血症大鼠血脂和抗氧化力的影响。方法高脂饲料建立高脂血症大鼠模型,分别灌胃50,100和500 mg.kg-1南极磷虾油,连续30 d,测定大鼠血清总胆固醇(TC),甘油三酯(TG),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、血清一氧化氮(NO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)以及丙二醛(MDA)水平。结果南极磷虾油能显著降低高脂血症大鼠血清中的TC、TG和LDL-C含量,降低动脉粥样硬化指数(AI)。提高大鼠血清中NO含量,提高SOD和GSH-PX活性,降低MDA含量。结论南极磷虾油对高脂血症大鼠具有调血脂的作用和抗氧化作用,其抵抗动脉粥状硬化方面的作用优于深海鱼油。     

吡咯喹啉醌对肝纤维化大鼠作用的初步研究

目的通过大鼠肝纤维化模型,研究吡咯喹啉醌(PQQ)对肝纤维化防治及其抗氧化能力。方法采用40%四氯化碳花生油溶液制备大鼠肝纤维化模型。观察PQQ对肝纤维化大鼠血清和肝组织中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)的影响。大鼠肝组织切片HE染色进行病理分析,V-G胶原染色估计肝组织胶原相对含量。结果 PQQ能显著增加纤维化大鼠血清及肝组织中SOD、T-AOC的水平,降低MDA含量,并能减轻肝脏胶原纤维增生程度。结论 PQQ具有较好的抗肝纤维化作用,作用机制与增强机体抗氧化水平有关。     

六味木香丸治疗实验性胃溃疡大鼠的机制

目的 观察藏药六味木香丸对溃疡大鼠血清中胃泌素(GAS)、环氧合酶-2(COX-2)、NO、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响,分析其抗溃疡机制.方法 通过幽门结扎法建立大鼠胃溃疡模型,采用酶联免疫双抗体夹心法测定GAS、COX-2的含量、采用分光光度法测定NO、NOS、SOD及MDA的含量.结果 与模型组比较,六味木香丸高、中剂量均能明显降低大鼠血清中GAS的含量;高剂量能明显抑制血清中COX-2、NO的含量;低剂量能明显升高血清中SOD的水平;六味木香丸各剂量对NOS和MDA的影响均不大.结论 六味木香丸抗溃疡的机制之一可能是抑制GAS的产生,从而减少胃酸的分泌;其抗炎机制可能是减少COX-2的产生,升高NO、SOD的含量,从而达到抗氧化、清除自由基的作用.     

Polyarthritis and the air pouch reaction: dissimilarity of adjuvant and collagen models

The formation of an air pouch in the subcutaneous tissues of a rat previously inoculated intradermally with Freund's mycobacterial adjuvant for the induction of arthritis, provokes a marked but transient inflammatory reaction in the cavity lining of the pouch. The dependence of this reaction on arthritis development was investigated. It was found that rats inoculated with mycobacterial adjuvant by subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injection failed to produce either a pouch reaction or develop arthritis. Intradermal injections of carrageenan, mycobacteria (M. tuberculosis in saline), Freund's incomplete adjuvant alone or containing Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide and Bordetella pertussis organisms or mycobacterial adjuvant containing egg albumin were also ineffective. Intradermal injections of type II collagen in Freund's incomplete adjuvant did induce arthritis but no pouch reaction; however, this could be elicited after direct challenge with antigen. Pretreatment of rats intraperitoneally with saline suspensions of mycobacteria or a moderate dose of cyclophosphamide prevented both the pouch reaction and arthritis developing to intradermal mycobacterial adjuvant. Pretreatment of rats with mycobacteria was without effect on type II collagen-induced arthritis. From the results of this study it would appear that the air pouch reaction and arthritis induced by adjuvant are directly associated. The inability of collagen to induce a similar reaction demonstrates a fundamental dissimilarity with mycobacterial adjuvant in its mechanism of production of arthritis.     

Serum hyaluronate levels reflect disease activity in experimental arthritis models

Serum hyaluronate (HA) levels were measured in rats subjected to adjuvant or type II collagen induced arthritis. As the arthritic lesions developed, both models showed an increase in serum HA levels of approximately 5 times, from a baseline level of 61-126 ng/ml (range). Furthermore a positive correlation was found between HA level and arthritic score. The increase in HA was not related to metabolic impairment, as the half life of serum HA in adjuvant arthritic rats was similar to that of normal rats. Serum HA may thus serve as a useful variable for evaluation of the severity of experimental arthritis.     

健力舒纯粉对佐剂性关节炎模型大鼠肿瘤坏死因子-α释放的影响研究

目的:研究健力舒纯粉对佐剂性关节炎大鼠肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)释放的影响。方法:采用大鼠足跖注射Freundi's完全佐剂形成佐剂性关节炎(AIA),观察健力舒纯粉对模型大鼠超敏反应、炎症左右足跖厚度差异及血清TNF-α、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)和循环免疫复合物(CIC)的含量变化。结果:模型大鼠右后跖从第2天开始肿胀持续15d(原发性损害),健力舒纯粉可依赖性抑制模型大鼠足肿胀的程度,抑制TNF-α、IL-2的释放和降低CIC含量而发挥抗炎作用。结论:健力舒纯粉具有抗AIA、降低致炎因子及相关炎症介质的作用。     

酸敏感离子通道阻断剂amiloride对佐剂性关节炎大鼠关节软骨损伤的影响

目的探讨酸敏感离子通道(ASICs)阻断剂amiloride对佐剂性关节炎(AA)大鼠关节软骨损伤的影响。方法将大鼠随机分成正常组,AA模型组,amiloride50、100、150mg·kg-1组,地塞米松(0.2mg·kg-1)对照组。弗氏完全佐剂(CFA)致炎后第10天起,AA大鼠出现继发性炎症,此时腹腔注射amiloride、地塞米松,正常组与模型组灌胃等容量的无菌注射用水,连续7d。实验结束后,体外用激光共聚焦显微镜检测细胞Ca2+浓度,分析胞外低pH值和ASICs阻断剂amiloride对关节软骨细胞内钙离子浓度([Ca2+]i)的影响;用足容积法测量继发侧足肿胀度,用免疫组织化学方法分析大鼠关节软骨Ⅱ型胶原的表达,用alcian蓝染色检测大鼠关节软骨蛋白多糖的变化。结果细胞外pH(pH6.5)可使关节软骨细胞内Ca2+水平短暂性升高,amiloride能明显抑制pH6.5诱导的关节软骨胞内Ca2+水平;各用药组能明显升高AA大鼠关节软骨细胞基质成分Ⅱ型胶原和蛋白多糖表达量。结论amiloride可能通过阻断酸敏感离子通道减轻AA大鼠关节软骨破坏,发挥关节保护作用。     

TNF受体封闭肽对大鼠佐剂性关节炎的影响

目的观察肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)受体封闭肽对大鼠佐剂性关节炎的影响。方法注射弗氏完全佐剂建立大鼠佐剂性关节炎模型,在关节局部注射TNF受体封闭肽,观察对大鼠关节肿胀度、关节组织病理改变及腹腔巨噬细胞表达IL-1β mRNA和TNF-α mRNA(RT-PCR)的影响。结果建立了与人类类风湿性关节炎极其相似的大鼠佐剂性关节炎模型;TNF受体封闭肽治疗10 d后,大鼠踝关节肿胀完全受到抑制;关节组织内炎症细胞浸润减少,炎性病理损伤明显减轻;大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞表达的TNF-α mRNA和IL-1β mRNA明显减低。结论TNF受体封闭肽通过抑制佐剂性关节炎TNF-α和IL-1的产生,而发挥抗炎作用,明显减轻关节的病理性损伤,有效抑制关节炎的临床进程。     

Humoral and cellular immunologic aspects of adjuvant and collagen arthritis in rats

Systemic and local immunological responses of rats sensitized with either M. butyricum or native type II collagen have been evaluated. In rats exhibiting adjuvant-induced arthritis no antibodies to collagen could be detected. In animals exhibiting collagen-induced arthritis, high antibody titers developed by day 14, and could be correlated with the severity of the arthritis. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses were measured by a 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine 125-I (125-IUdR) uptake assay. Arthritic scores in rats immunized with collagen were not accompanied by a positive DTH response, whereas adjuvant arthritic rats showed a positive response. T-lymphocyte cellular responses in both adjuvant- and collagen-induced arthritic rats were measured. In neither syndrome were major alterations observed in T-lymphocyte subpopulations. These results provide evidence that adjuvant-induced arthritis and type II collagen-induced arthritis are distinct entities, and that they may be discriminated by the nature of the humoral response.     

Beneficial effects of GW274150, a novel,potent and selective inhibitor of iNOS activity,in a rodent model of collagen-induced arthritis

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) on the modulation of the inflammatory response in mice subjected to collagen-induced arthritis. Collagen-induced arthritis was induced in wild-type mice (iNOS-WT) treated with GW274150, a novel, potent and selective inhibitor of iNOS activity, and in mice lacking the gene for iNOS (iNOS 'knock-out', iNOS-KO), by an intradermal injection of 100 microl of emulsion containing 100 microg of bovine type II collagen and complete Freund's adjuvant at the base of the tail. After 21 days, a second injection of type II collagen in complete Freund's adjuvant was administered. iNOS-WT mice developed erosive hind paw arthritis when immunised with type II collagen in complete Freund's adjuvant. Over a 35-day period, macroscopic clinical evidence of collagen-induced arthritis first appeared as periarticular erythema and oedema in the hind paws. By day 28, the incidence of collagen-induced arthritis was 100% in type II collagen-challenged iNOS-WT mice and the severity of collagen-induced arthritis progressed with radiographic evaluation revealing resorption of bone. Histopathology of collagen-induced arthritis mice demonstrated erosion of the cartilage at the joint margins. iNOS-WT mice treated with GW274150 (5 mg/kg, i.p. daily) starting at the onset of arthritis (day 23), and iNOS-KO mice showed a delay of the development of the clinical signs at days 24-35 and an improvement of the histological status in the knee and paw. Immunohistochemical analysis for nitrotyrosine and for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase revealed positive staining in inflamed joints from type II collagen-treated iNOS-WT mice. The degree of staining for nitrotyrosine and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase were markedly reduced in tissue sections obtained from type II collagen-treated iNOS-WT mice, who had received GW274150 and from iNOS-KO mice. Furthermore, radiographic signs of protection against bone resorption were present in the joints of iNOS-WT mice treated with GW274150 as well as in the joint from iNOS-KO mice. This study provides the first evidence that GW274150, a novel, potent and selective inhibitor of iNOS activity, attenuates the degree of chronic inflammation and tissue damage associated with collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Furthermore, these results suggest that the induction of iNOS and NO production are essential for the up-regulation of the inflammatory response during experimental collagen-induced arthritis.     

Adjuvant polyarthritis. VIII. Differences in immunopathogenesis between type II collagen arthritis and adjuvant arthritis

The severity of type II collagen-induced arthritis was found to correlate with the serum titers of anti-type II collagen antibody, but not with cell-mediated immunity to type II collagen. In contrast, no significant levels of either the humoral or the cell-mediated immunity to type II collagen were found in rats with Freund's complete adjuvant-induced arthritis. Pre-treatment of young rats with an oily preparation of type II collagen prevented the development of arthritis in these animals in response to a subsequent injection of oily preparation of type II collagen, but had no effect on the development of arthritis in response to a subsequent injection of Freund's complete adjuvant. It is concluded that while an immune response directed toward the injected type II collagen is responsible for the development of type II collagen arthritis, it does not play an important role in the induction of Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis.     

重组人内抑素对佐剂性关节炎大鼠关节软骨酸敏感离子通道的影响及其保护作用

目的观察重组人内抑素(rh-End)对佐剂性关节炎大鼠关节软骨酸敏感离子通道(ASICs)表达的影响,探讨其对关节软骨的作用。方法将大鼠随机分成正常组、AA模型组、rh-End 1.25、2.5、5.0mg·kg-1组和阿司匹林50mg·kg-1阳性对照组。弗氏完全佐剂(CFA)致佐剂性关节炎(adjuvant-induced arthritis,AA)后d10,大鼠出现继发性炎症,此时皮下注射重组人内抑素,连续7d,对照组灌胃给阿司匹林;正常组与模型组给予等容量的无菌注射用水。光学显微镜观察关节病理变化,半定量RT-PCR方法检测rh-End对AA大鼠关节软骨ASICs和蛋白聚糖体mRNA的影响,Western blot方法检测rh-End对AA大鼠关节软骨ASICs蛋白的影响,免疫组织化学技术测定rh-End对AA大鼠关节软骨中的Ⅱ型胶原蛋白合成的影响。结果rh-End各剂量组能明显抑制AA大鼠关节软骨组织中的ASICs表达,并升高关节软骨基质成分Ⅱ型胶原蛋白和蛋白聚糖体mRNA表达量。结论重组人内抑素通过抑制ASICs的表达进而保护AA大鼠关节软骨。     

Therapeutic effect of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Saraca asoca</Emphasis> (Roxb.) Wilde on lysosomal enzymes and collagen metabolism in adjuvant induced arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, progressive and systemic inflammatory disorder mainly affecting the synovial joints. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-arthritic effect of the methanol extract of Saraca asoca (Roxb.) Wilde., (Fabaceae) on adjuvant induced arthritis by assessing paw swelling, body weight, the levels of lysosomal enzymes, protein bound carbohydrates, serum cytokines, urinary collagen and histopathology of joints. It was found that S. asoca methanol extract at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg reduced the paw thickness and elevated the mean body weight of arthritic rats. The treatment of S. asoca showed a significant reduction in the levels of both plasma and liver lysosomal enzymes. The protein bound carbohydrates and urinary collagen contents were also decreased at a significant level by the treatment of S. asoca methanol extract. The histopathological study of the joints showed the anti-arthritic property of S. asoca which nearly normalized the histological architecture of the joints. Further, we established the anti-arthritic activity of S. asoca methanol extract by measuring the levels of cytokines in both arthritic and treated rats. The treatment of S. asoca reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, S. asoca methanol extract was capable of ameliorating the conditions of arthritis in adjuvant induced arthritic rats.