不同信息框架下军校学员特质焦虑及人格特征对风险决策的影响

目的 探讨不同信息框架下军校学员特质焦虑及人格特征对风险决策的影响.方法 采用自编的风险决策问卷、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)和状态-特质焦虑量表(STAI),对某军校403名学员进行团体心理测评,分析不同信息框架下风险决策的差异.结果 ①正性信息框架下32.18％的被试倾向于保守,67.82％的被试倾向于冒险;负性信息框架下20.63％的被试倾向于保守,79.37％的被试倾向于冒险,两组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).男性在负性信息框架下80.71％的被试倾向冒险,而在正性信息框架下仅有67.55％的被试倾向冒险,两组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);女性两组之间决策差异没有统计学意义(P＞0.05).②正性信息框架下,高神经质的被试24.19％倾向于保守方案,75.81％倾向于冒险;低神经质的被试有46.00％倾向于保守,54.00％的被试倾向于冒险,两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).负性信息框架下,两组间比较,决策差异没有统计学意义(P＞0.05);无论正性还是负性信息框架,内外向人格的风险决策差异均没有统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 负面框架下军校学员个体更倾向于冒险决策,正性信息框架下高神经质人群倾向于冒险决策.     

框架效应对军校大学生决策判断的影响

目的信息框架对军校大学生决策的影响.方法被试随机分成三组,分别接受三种不同的信息框架,就自己面临的情景进行方案选择.结果接受正面框架实验情景的被试,两种方案选择人数比例相当(46.3%,53.7%);负面框架组的被试,大部分选择冒险方案(83.1%,16.9%);作为控制组的第三组被试,大部分被试仍选择冒险方案(67.3%,32.7%).男性被试不论在正面框架还是负面框架中都倾向于冒险行为;而女性被试在正面框架中选择保守和选择冒险的人数比例几乎相等,但在负面框架中倾向于冒险行为的人几乎是保守行为的3倍.结论当信息从负面呈现时,军校大学生更喜欢冒险.     

The relationship between nurses' risky decision-making with personality traits in positive and negative framings

目的 探讨正负信息框架下护士风险决策与人格特征的关系.方法 采用风险决策问卷和大五人格量表调查了450名注册护士.结果 正面框架下护士选择冒险方案的人数占61.4%,负面框架下护士选择冒险方案的人数占68.3%(χ2=4.425,P＜0.05).多元线性回归分析显示,在控制了人口统计学变量之后,大五人格因素对风险决策有一定的预测作用.具体而言,正面框架下,愉悦性人格与风险决策有关(χ2=0.202,P＜0.05);负面框架下,外倾性人格与风险决策有关(χ2=0.082,P＜0.05).结论 在正面框架和负面框架下,护士都倾向于冒险,外倾性、愉悦性人格与护士风险决策有关.     

正负信息框架下护士风险决策与人格特征的关系研究

目的探讨正负信息框架下护士风险决策与人格特征的关系。方法采用风险决策问卷和大五人格量表调查了450名注册护士。结果正面框架下护士选择冒险方案的人数占61.4%,负面框架下护士选择冒险方案的人数占68.3%(χ2=4.425,P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,在控制了人口统计学变量之后,大五人格因素对风险决策有一定的预测作用。具体而言,正面框架下,愉悦性人格与风险决策有关(χ2=0.202,P<0.05);负面框架下,外倾性人格与风险决策有关(χ2=0.082,P<0.05)。结论在正面框架和负面框架下,护士都倾向于冒险,外倾性、愉悦性人格与护士风险决策有关。     

框架效应对军校大学生决策判断的影响

目的 信息框架对军校大学生决策的影响。方法被试随机分成三组，分别接受三种不同的信息框架，就自己面临的情景进行方案选择。结果接受正面框架实验情景的被试，两种方案选择人数比例相当（46.3％，53.7％）；负面框架组的被试，大部分选择冒险方案（83．1％，16．9％）；作为控制组的第二组被试，大部分被试仍选择冒险方案（67．3％，32．7％）。男性被试不论在正面框架还是负面框架中都倾向于冒险行为；而女性被试在正面框架中选择保守和选择冒险的人数比例几乎相等，但在负面框架中倾向于冒险行为的人儿乎足保守行为的3倍。结论当信息从负面呈现时，军校大学生更喜欢冒险。     

不同信息框架对军校医学专业大学生决策行为影响的研究

目的探讨医疗风险决策信息框架对军校医学专业大学生决策行为的影响。方法采用肺癌治疗决策问卷,采用随机抽样的方式,抽取293名大学生,将其随机分成三组:正面框架组,负面框架组和平衡框架组。结果正面框架组被试保守和冒险方案选择百分比分别为63.4%和36.6%;负面框架组为24.6%和75.4%,差异具有显著性(χ2=30.550,P=0.000)。确认被试风险偏好基线水平的平衡框架中选择保守和冒险的比例相近(49.5%,50.5%)。与基线水平比较发现,仅在负面框架与基线水平之间差异具有显著性。此外,男女性别之间无显著性差异。结论军校医学专业大学生在肺癌治疗风险决策情境中的基线水平接近中性,负面信息刺激导致冒险偏好。     

不同信息框架对大学生决策行为的影响

目的 了解大学生风险偏好的基线水平及正、负信息框架对其决策行为的影响.方法 采用Tversky和 Kahneman原亚洲疾病问题决策问卷,以整群抽样的方法,抽取某大学237名大学生为研究对象,将其随机分成三组:正面框架组、负面框架组和平衡框架组.结果 正面框架组被试肯定和风险方案选择百分比分别为32.9%和67.1%;负面框架组为12.3%和87.7%,差异有显著性(P =0.002).能确认被试风险偏好基线水平的平衡框架中大部分被试仍选择风险方案(29.9%对70.1%).研究还发现,男女性别之间结果差异无显著性.结论 被试无论在正面还是负面框架下均倾向于风险方案,而且在负面框架下强度更大;被试风险偏好的基线水平表现为风险寻求倾向,而且负面框架对其影响更大.     

不同信息框架对大学生决策行为的影响

目的了解大学生风险偏好的基线水平及正、负信息框架对其决策行为的影响。方法采用Tversky和Kahneman原亚洲疾病问题决策问卷,以整群抽样的方法,抽取某大学237名大学生为研究对象,将其随机分成三组:正面框架组、负面框架组和平衡框架组。结果正面框架组被试肯定和风险方案选择百分比分别为32.9%和67.1%;负面框架组为12.3%和87.7%,差异有显著性(P=0.002)。能确认被试风险偏好基线水平的平衡框架中大部分被试仍选择风险方案(29.9%对70.1%)。研究还发现,男女性别之间结果差异无显著性。结论被试无论在正面还是负面框架下均倾向于风险方案,而且在负面框架下强度更大;被试风险偏好的基线水平表现为风险寻求倾向,而且负面框架对其影响更大。     

医学硕士研究生新生人格调查

目的:分析医学院校硕士研究生新生的人格特征。方法:采用普查方式,对440名硕士研究生新生用艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)成人版进行心理测评,初步分析其人格特征。结果:外向、稳定型的被试所占比例最大;与全国常模比较,男性两个年龄组被试在内外向维度的得分高于常模(P<0.05),精神质维度的得分低于常模(P<0.05);女性两个年龄组被试在内外向维度的得分高于常模(P<0.05),神经质、掩饰性维度的得分低于常模(P<0.05),而20～30岁组的精神质维度得分低于常模(P<0.05);与女性被试比较,男性被试在精神质维度的得分更低(P<0.05),在掩饰性维度的得分更高(P<0.05);与少数民族被试比较,汉族被试在掩饰性维度的得分更高(P<0.05)。结论:与全国常模相比,医学硕士研究生新生人格多外向、情绪稳定、掩饰性低。     

医学决策中框架描述对病人家属行为和态度的影响

目的探讨医学情境中决策行为-态度的分离现象及其与框架描述的交互作用。方法使用Ficchhoff等开发的医疗决策问题,分别以正框架/负框架×决策行为/对冒险决策的态度/对保守决策的态度进行描述。300名临床专业本科生被随机分为6组,每组被试完成一道决策问题。结果医学情境中,决策行为与态度存在显著的不一致,面对两难的医疗决策问题,当以存活率描述,被试决策行为无倾向性(t=-1.48,P>0.05),而以死亡率描述时,则倾向采用保守治疗方案(t=2.92,P<0.01);但无论医生采用怎样的方案,被试始终持显著反对态度(P<0.05)。框架描述对决策行为与态度均存在显著影响(t决策行为=-3.08,P<0.01;t冒险态度=3.69,P<0.01;t保守态度=-2.12,P<0.05)。结论医学情境中,存在决策行为-态度的不一致现象,框架描述能够影响医学决策。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.