Electoral ward mortality analysis in Newcastle upon Tyne

All deaths of residents of Newcastle upon Tyne aged from 15 to 64 years of age, occurring during 1978, 1979 or 1980 were analysed to calculate standardized mortality ratios for each electoral ward. This method of constructing a geographical profile of health within a district is economical, but limits on accuracy and reliability must be accepted.     

An evaluation of child health clinic services in Newcastle upon Tyne during 1972-1974.

The community child health clinics continued to provide an important and popular service for mothers with young children in Newcastle during 1972-1974, supplementing the primary care services of general practitioners as only a minority of them had undertaken the preventive aspects of child care. Most of the work of the community clinics was done by health visitors and it consisted of advice, support, and reassurance about the everyday problems of children. Although an appreciable amount of the work of the community doctors was developmental screening (birthday checks) most mothers consulted them about relatively minor medical complaints--such as feeding difficulties, specific developmental problems, and immunisation. There was no attempt to do a birthday check on all the children in the city and those that were done revealed few significant undetected abnormalities because most of the children had already attended clinics. In a poor area of the city, family and social problems were often found but very little consultation took place between health and social services, indicating the need for better liaison between these services. The community child health clinics will need to be maintained if general practitioners cannot provide these services and are unable to include preventive as well as curative child care within their practice.     

Restriction enzyme analysis of faecal adenoviruses in Newcastle upon Tyne

Adenovirus DNA was isolated directly from virus-containing stools and digested with restriction endonucleases. The resulting fragments were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and visualized by silver staining. This enabled us to assign most of the viruses detected to subgenus, serotype and, sometimes, unique strains. Although less sensitive than electron microscopy, the method allowed more information about the infecting virus to be obtained and no cultivation was necessary. Comparison with culture also allowed dual infections to be recognized. A 2-year survey of faecal adenoviruses in Newcastle upon Tyne showed that type 41 (strain 41a) was the predominant type and strain 41p was not recorded. Heterogeneity in strain 41a was also noted as found elsewhere. Adenovirus type 40 was common prior to 1985 but was absent during the last 2 years.     

Adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder--a 5 year review of outcome in Newcastle upon Tyne.

Patients presenting with adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder within Newcastle upon Tyne over a 5 year period (1980-1985) were reviewed retrospectively. The mean age of patients on diagnosis was 74 years. Of the 29 patients diagnosed, two were detected after routine cholecystectomy. Laparotomy was performed in 21 patients (72%) of which only 14 patients had a cholecystectomy performed. Mean survival after surgery was 6.6 months with only one patient alive after 5 years. Metastatic disease was present in 72% of patients. The poor prognosis of carcinoma of the gallbladder reflects its late diagnosis and early metastasis to distant sites. Improvement in survival will depend upon early detection of in situ lesions and identification of at risk patients.     

The influence of changing age and referral for end-stage renal failure in Newcastle upon Tyne

This paper reports a retrospective analysis of renal replacement therapy in patients over 60 years-of-age admitted to regional unit in Newcastle upon Tyne during a 7-year period. The changing age patterns of referral for management of end-stage renal failure have been reviewed, including the morbidity and mortality of this age-group managed for end-stage renal failure by haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and transplantation. The results show an alarming increase in the number of referrals aged over 60 years (> 36% in 4 years). Associated medical problems, methods of treatment and management (including special needs), and the effects of the rapidly increasing proportion of elderly patients on renal services are described.