不同手术径路治疗贲门癌的对比研究

目的探讨贲门癌手术径路的合理选择。方法回顾性分析750例贲门癌手术临床资料，对经腹、经胸和经胸腹联合切口3种手术径路的结果进行比较分析。结果3种手术径路的手术切除率分别为83．6％、84．7％和96．8％（P〈0．05），根治性切除率分别为61．4％、65．0％和84．8％（P〈0．05），上切缘癌残留率分别为7．4％、1．0％和2．0％（P〈0．05），下切缘癌残留率分别为1．1％、4．0％和1．3％（P〈0．05），平均淋巴结清除数目分别为16枚、15枚和24枚（P〈0．05）。手术病死率、术后肺部并发症发生率和术后住院天数差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论贲门癌经胸腹联合切口径路较经腹、经胸径路更具合理性。     

左右胸两种入路治疗胸中段食管鳞癌的手术评价

背景与目的：目前胸中段食管癌手术治疗的入路多数为经左胸或右胸,两者各有优缺点。既往较少文献报道手术入路对手术疗效的影响。本研究拟评价经左胸或右胸手术入路治疗胸中段食管鳞癌疗效的差异及优缺点。方法：回顾性分析1999年1月至2005年6月中山大学肿瘤防治中心连续收治的胸中段食管鳞癌482例,按手术入路分为左胸组（350例）和右胸组（132例）。比较两组切除率、术后并发症、淋巴结清扫情况、复发转移模式、无病生存期、总体生存期的差异。结果：左胸组、右胸组根治性切除率分别是92．0％、92．4％（P=0．878）,并发症发生率分别是35．4％、57．6％（P〈0．001）,平均清扫淋巴结分别为（11．8±6．6）枚和（16．3±8．0）枚（R0．001）。左胸组、右胸组淋巴结总复发率分别是69．6％、51．1％（P=0．028）,其中,纵隔淋巴结复发率分别是38．4％、15．6％（P=0．005）。左胸组、右胸组3年无病生存期分别为（22．92±0．74）个月、（25．09±1．22）个月（P=0．039）。结论：左胸入路手术操作较简便,并发症较少;右胸入路在减少淋巴结复发、提高无病生存率、总体生存率方面具有优势,能带来生存获益。     

46例食管癌患者的临床手术治疗探讨

目的分析食管癌的临床手术治疗方式与效果。方法本组研究对象为46例食管癌手术患者，病变位于食管上段12例，食管中段28例，食管下段6例；二切口手术21例，三切口25例。结果近期并发症发生率二切口组术后为9．5％，三切口组为36．0％，差异有显著性（P=0．030），两组均无术中死亡及住院死亡；二切口组术后1，3年生存率分别为84．2％和57．1％，三切口组分别为77．3％和50．0％。两组1，3年生存率比较无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论手术采用三切口与二切口具有各自的优点与适用范围，需根据病变的具体情况而定；无论二切口还是三切口，采用颈部吻合都是较好的选择。     

220例右胸腹部二切口治疗胸段食管癌的疗效分析

目的：分析总结经右胸、腹部二切口手术治疗胸段食管癌的疗效与体会。方法：回顾分析1998年1月～2000年12月经腹部正中切口游离胃，右胸后外侧切口切除食管肿瘤，食管胃胸顶机械吻合，并行二野淋巴结扩大清扫术的220例胸段食管癌患者的临床资料，随访1、3、5年的生存率。结果：220例切除率96.4％（212／220）。并发症7.3％（16／220）。无围手术期死亡，术后1、3、5年的生存率Ⅰ期为100．0％、86．9％、82．6％，Ⅱa期为87.3％、81．8％、56.4％．Ⅱb期为81．1％、67.4％、44．2％，Ⅲ期为57.4％、25．5％、17．0％，结论：右胸、腹部二切口手术治疗胸段食管癌是一种安全、有效的手术方法．术后结合放化疗可提高患者的远期生存率。     

上腹左胸两切口治疗贲门癌

目的探讨应用上腹左胸两切口行近端胃切除治疗贲门癌的临床经验。方法回顾性分析自1998年4月～2002年4月间采用上腹左胸两切口行贲门癌切除61例患者(两切口组)的临床资料,并与同期施行经左下胸贲门癌切除60例(左胸组)的生存率、淋巴结清扫及严重呼吸道并发症的发生率进行比较。结果两切口组的3年生存率显著高于左胸组(P<0.05);严重呼吸道并发症的发生率低于左胸组;两切口组术后平均每例腹腔淋巴结检查18.7枚,而左胸组仅为6.4枚,两组差异有显著性。结论对局限于贲门部且胃小弯受侵不超过13的贲门癌,建议采用上腹左胸两切口行近端胃切除及两野淋巴结清扫,可以提高手术的彻底性和降低并发症。     

经右胸途径颈段、胸上段食管癌切除并三区淋巴结清扫术的外科治疗评价

目的 评价经右胸途径颈段、胸上段食管癌切除并三区淋巴结清扫术的临床意义。方法 采用颈、胸、腹三切口，同时进行颈、胸、腹三区淋巴结清扫，治疗颈、胸上段食管癌104例。总结并探讨颈部及上纵隔淋巴结转移规律。分析病变长度、外侵程度与切除率的关系及主要并发症的危险性。结果 颈部及最上纵隔(右胸顶)淋巴结转移率及转移度分别为47．11％(49／104)及13．27％(114／859)。其中，左气管旁淋巴结分别为17．31％(18／104)及11．46％(25／218)；左颈深下淋巴结分别为7．69％(8／104)及8．13％(17／209)；右气管旁淋巴结分别为12．50％(13／104)及10．61％(19／179)；右颈深下淋巴结分别为11．54％(12／104)及11．86％(21／177)；右胸顶淋巴结分别为17．30％(18／104)及42．10％(32／76)。全组手术切除率为100．00％(104／104)。主要并发症：吻合口瘘发生率为16．34％(17／104)；肺部并发症发生率为8．65％(9／104)；喉返神经损伤发生率为9．6196(10／104)；上消化道梗阻发生率为0．9696(1／104)；死于肺部并发症所致的呼吸衰竭2例，病死率为1.92％(2／104)。结论 经右胸途径食管癌切除并三区淋巴结清扫术是治疗颈、胸上段食管癌较为有效的手术方式。     

整形保乳技术在早期乳腺癌保乳手术中的应用

目的：对比分析早期乳腺癌患者应用整形保乳技术和传统保乳技术的术后美容效果及并发症。方法收集2012年1月至2015年10月在福建医科大学附属闽东医院实施保乳手术的乳腺癌患者67例,其中应用乳腺腺体瓣转移等整复技术行保乳手术的30例作为试验组,实施传统保乳手术的37例作为对照组。对比分析两组患者术后并发症及美容效果。结果试验组和对照组术后美容效果评估为优良的患者分别为22例（73．33％）、16例（43．24％）,评估为一般的分别为6例（20．00％）、14例（37．84％）,评估为差的分别为2例（6．67％）、7例（18．92％）,差异具有统计学意义（Z ＝－2．513,P ＝0．012）。试验组13．33％（4／30）的患者出现术后并发症,其中皮瓣坏死并发切口感染及切口裂开1例、皮下积液3例;对照组5．41％（2／37）的患者出现术后并发症,其中切口感染及切口裂开各1例;两组并发症发生率差异无统计学意义（χ2＝0．490,P ＝0．484）。中位随访时间为28个月,对照组发现局部复发1例、远处转移2例,试验组患者未发现术后复发及转移,差异无统计学意义（P ＝0．140）。结论对早期乳腺癌患者采用肿瘤整形技术进行保乳手术治疗,肿瘤治疗安全性高,美容效果好,值得推荐。     

高龄胃癌患者的临床特点与手术风险及外科处理

目的：探讨高龄胃癌患的临床特点,手术风险及外科治疗。方法：回顾性分析我院3年来同期行标准胃癌根治术266例资料。结果：102例≥65岁的高龄胃癌患84％术前有合并症,而65岁以下患164例,39．6％术前有合并症,两组比较有显差异（P＜0．01）,胃癌临床病理类型以低分化中晚期居多。手术切除范围以D3为主。术后并发症在高龄与低龄组之间分别为38．5％和22．3％,术后死亡率分别为1．4％和1．0％。（P＞0．05）。结论：高龄患术前有较多合并症,但术后并发症及死亡率并无明显增加,积极的围手术期处理仍可使高龄患耐受标准胃癌根治术。     

高龄老年胃癌患者行D2根治性切除术后疗效分析

目的分析高龄老年胃癌患者性D2根治性切除术后的近期并发症、死亡率和远期生存情况。方法选取2010年9月至2015年6月在安庆市立医院肿瘤外科行胃癌根治术(D2)的患者188例,其中高龄组(≥75岁)61例,对照组(60～65岁)127例。比较两组患者的术前合并症、围手术期死亡率、术后并发症及其术后生存情况。结果高龄组术前合并症发生率(705％)高于对照组(449％),差异有统计学意义(P=0001)。高龄组最常见的术前合并症为贫血(295％)、高血压(230％)、肺疾病(230％)、心血管疾病(114％)、肝脏疾病(86％),其中包含2种合并症的占213％,3种及以上合并症的占164％。高龄组术后并发症发生率(361％)与对照组(268％)比较差异无统计学意义(P=0192)。高龄组术后肺部感染(220％)和心衰(33％)的发生比例高于对照组(分别为63％、0％)。高龄组术后5年生存率与对照组差异无统计学意义(599％ vs. 646％,P=0390)。结论高龄组胃癌患者与对照组行D2根治术后的手术并发症发生率、围手术期死亡率和总生存期无明显差异,手术安全可行。高龄早期胃癌患者应注意合并症和继发恶性肿瘤的发生。     

右胸及上腹两切口食管癌切除术510例

[目的]观察二切口术式行胸段食管癌切除的优点.[方法]对510例胸段食管癌采用右胸后外切口及上腹切口径路行食管癌切除术,并与三切口、左胸后外切口的病例进行比较.[结果]二切口术与另2组手术切除率分别为98%、80%及78%,手术并发症发生率3组分别为16.0%、21.0%及28.0%;切端癌发生率分别为1.18%、2.83%、10.00%,手术死亡率3组分别为2.16%、2.83%及4.00%.部分病例随访5年生存率3组分别为30.0%、27.4%及21.4%.[结论]对食管中、下段癌二切口术具有术野暴露好,切除率高及清扫彻底等优势.     

全胃切除术与近端胃大部切除术治疗胃底贲门癌的远期疗效对比

目的 探讨不同术式治疗胃底贲门癌的远期疗效.方法 对58例胃底贲门癌患者采用手术治疗,其中全胃切除术29例,近端胃大部切除术29例.分析比较2组患者术后并发症和5年生存率.结果 全胃切除术和近端胃大部切除术患者3年生存率分别为62.07%和44.83%(P>0.05),5年生存率为48.28%和20.69%(P<0.05).近端大部切除组的反流性食管炎发生率为75.86%,高于全胃切除组的34.48%(P<0.05);2组患者的其他并发症发生率无统计学差异.肿瘤>3.0 cm和淋巴结转移患者全胃切除后5年生存率高于近端大部切除组(P<0.05),其他情况2组的生存率比较无差异.结论 对胃底贲门癌患者实施全胃切除术治疗能够有效提高患者的长期生存率,尤其是对于肿瘤>3.0 cm和出现淋巴结转移的患者.     

胃癌37年临床研究的结果分析—附2326例报告

目的：地癌治疗水平的年代性变化,设计各期胃癌合理的治疗方案。方法：以中国医科大学肿瘤研究所３７年２３２６例胃癌手术病 研究对象,分１９６１－１９７８年,１９７９－１９９７年两个阶段进行分析,观察其手术切除率、根治切除术后５年生存率的年代性变化。比较各类手术、各种术式的生存曲线、评价其优缺点。结果：胃癌手术切经由６０年代的５０．６％上升到近年和８６．４％。根治术后的５年生存率由６０年代的１９．６％上     

近端胃切除术和全胃切除术治疗贲门癌

Objective： To evaluate the treatment effects of total gastrectomy （TG） and proximal gastrectomy （PG） for cancer of the cardia and esophagogastric junction. Methods： forty-five patients with cancer of the cardia and esophagogastric junction underwent surgical resection. Of them, 29 were treated using proximal gastrectomy and 16 total gastrectomy. The 3-year and 5-year survival rate and the postoperative complication rate and mortality rate were followed up and compared between the two groups. Results： The 3-year and 5-year survival rates of group PG were 44.8% and 20.7%, of group TG were 37.5% and 18.8%, respectively, and the differences were not statistically significant （X^2= 3.84, P 〉 0.05; X^2= 3.89, P 〉 0.05）. The postoperative complication and mortality rate of group PG were 13.7% and 6.8%, of group TG was all 6%, respectively. Conclusion： Proximal and total gastrectomy treatment effects can not significantly influence the prognosis of patients in progressive stage of cancer of cardia and esophagogastric junction.     

Surgical results of proximal gastrectomy for early-stage gastric cancer: jejunal interposition and gastric tube reconstruction

Background. The frequency of tumors in the upper one-third of the stomach has been increasing. The standard operation for proximal gastric cancer has been total or proximal gastrectomy. The aim of this study was to present the pathologic and surgical results of 30 patients with early-stage proximal gastric cancer managed by proximal gastrectomy. Methods. A consecutive series of 30 patients who underwent proximal gastrectomy for early-stage proximal gastric cancer was studied. Sixteen patients underwent jejunal interposition, while 14 underwent gastric tube reconstruction, which consisted of a direct anastomosis between the esophagus and the remnant of the tube-like stomach. Results. Twenty patients (67%) had no abdominal symptoms and the lesions were detected by screening gastric fiberscopy. The tumors were mostly located along the lesser curvature (73%), were grossly depressed type (IIc) (70%), and histologically well differentiated type (63%). The depth of wall invasion was the mucosa in 12 patients, submucosa in 15, and muscularis propria in 3; lymph node metastasis was absent in 28 patients (93%). When compared with patients with jejunal interposition, patients with gastric tube reconstruction had a shorter operation time (327 vs 165 min), less blood loss (508 vs 151 g), and shorter hospital stay after operation (31 vs 17 days). Endoscopy and 24-h pH monitoring showed no evidence of reflux esophagitis, except in 1 patient with gastric tube reconstruction, and no patient died of recurrence. Conclusions. Early-stage proximal gastric cancer can be successfully treated by proximal gastrectomy. Since gastric tube reconstruction is a simple, easy, and safe procedure, proximal gastrectomy followed by gastric tube reconstruction is recommended for patients with early-stage proximal gastric cancer. Received for publication on Jan. 5, 1999; accepted on Feb. 10, 1999     

胃大部切除术后食管癌的手术治疗

目的：探讨胃切除术后食管癌（Ｅｃａ）的手术治疗方式和效果。方法：对１９８７年～１９９６年间手术治疗８１５例Ｅｃａ中４１例胃切除后Ｅｃａ的手术治疗进行分析。１例胸下段Ｅｃａ行切除并残胃食管弓下吻合术，４０例右胸入路行右半结肠代食管术合并颈、胸、腹淋巴结清除术。结果：４１例胃切除术后Ｅｃａ颈、上纵隔、中下纵隔和腹部淋巴转移率分别为３４．１％、２１．９％和１９．６％。并发症发生率４８．７％。颈部吻合口瘘发生率３４．１％，无手术死亡。全组３、５年生存率４１．６％和１５．４％。根治性手术３、５年生存率４６．６％和２２．２％。姑息手术无１例生存超过５年。３年生存率１４．３％。结论：对胃切除术后Ｅｃａ颈、上纵隔和腹部淋巴结清扫很重要。结肠代食管术为安全有效办法。右半结肠经胸骨前、后径路代食管术是胃切除后Ｅｃａ手术的最好方法之一     

纳米碳标记在全腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术delta吻合中的应用

目的 研究纳米碳标记在早期胃癌全腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术delta吻合中的应用。方法 选取早期拟行远端胃癌根治术患者40例,术前行胃镜及腹部增强CT确认。随机分为纳米碳标记组20例,对照组为常规组20例,不行标记。两组患者均拟行全腹腔镜下远端胃癌根治delta吻合术,对于术中因定位不明确不能行delta吻合的中转为腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术。统计两组行全腹腔delta吻合例数及腹腔镜辅助的例数,并对两组中转率数据进行统计学分析。结果 纳米碳标记在全腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术delta吻合术中有很好的标记作用,标记组行全腹腔镜胃癌根治术中转率明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 纳米碳标记对于早期胃癌全腹腔镜下胃癌根治术delta吻合定位有重要的临床意义。     

The role of surgery in the current treatment of gastric carcinoma

Surgery currently is the only curative option in the treatment of gastric cancer. For early gastric cancer, an endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is adequate for intramucosal cancer less than 2?cm in diameter without ulcer. For early cancers ineligible for EMR, limited surgical operation (proximal gastrectomy, segmental resection, and pylorus-preserving distal gastrectomy) can be recommended to reduce surgical risk and achieve improvements in quality of life without decreasing survival. Subtotal/total gastrectomy plus D2 lymph node dissection is the standard surgery for advanced gastric cancer in Japan. Pancreas-preserving total gastrectomy is recommended due to the reduced risk of pancreatic fistula and postoperative diabetes. Regarding extended surgery, results of a phase III study to evaluate the role of paraaortic node dissection will be analyzed in a few years' time after the accrual of more than 500 patients in a Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) study. For scirrhous gastric cancer, left upper abdominal exenteration appears to be associated with improved survival and should be tested in another controlled trial.     

Results of total gastrectomy with extended lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer in elderly patients

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The incidence of gastric cancer, in people over 70 years of age, has increased remarkably. Aggressive lymphadenectomy with gastrectomy has been reported to improve survival in patients with gastric cancer. Because complication rates following gastrectomy increase with advancing age, we sought to determine whether this procedure was merited in elderly patients with gastric cancer. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 202 patients who underwent total gastrectomy with extended lymphadenectomy for gastric carcinoma. Postoperative complication rates were compared between patients over and under 70 years of age. RESULTS: The 10-year survival rates of patients under and over 70 years of age following total gastrectomy with extended lymphadenectomy were not significantly different. Although medical comorbidities in each group were similar, pulmonary dysfunction was significantly more common following total gastrectomy in patients over 70 years than in patients under 70 years. Moreover, logistic regression analysis revealed that patient's age was the only variable that independently correlated with the presence of postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of the gastric cancer patients over 70 years of age was similar to that of younger patients after total gastrectomy with extensive lymphadenectomy. However, pulmonary dysfunction was significantly more common in patients over 70 years old.     

Evaluation of Intraoperative Radiotherapy for Gastric Carcinoma

OBJECTIVE To study the proper sites and doses of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) for gastric carcinoma and the effects of this treatment.METHODS A total of 106 cases of stage Ⅰ- Ⅳ gastric carcinoma who received a D2 or D3 radical resection operation combined with IORT were analyzed. Sixty-seven patients with gastric cancer of the antrum and body received distal gastrectomy. The sites of irradiation were at the celiac artery and hepatoduodenal ligament area. Another 39 patients with carcinoma of the cardia and upper part of the gastric body and whole stomach received proximal gastrectomy or total gastrectomy. The sites of irradiation for this group were the upper margin of the pancreas and the regional paraaorta.The therapeutic effects (including survival and complications) of these 106cases who received a combined operation IORT (IORT group) were compared with 441 cases treated during the same time period by a radical resection operation alone (operation group).RESULTS The radiation dose below 30 Gy was safe. The therapeutic method of the operation combined with IORT did not prolong the survival time of patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅳ gastric cancer, but the 5-year survival rates of patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ gastric cancers were significantly improved.While the 5-year survival rates of the stage Ⅲ cancer patients receiving D2 resection combined with IORT had marked improvement, for those receiving a D3 radical resection, only the postoperative survival rates at 3 and 4 years of those cases in stages Ⅲ cancers were improved (P＜0.005-0.001). The 5-year survival rate for those patients was raised only 4.7%(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION The 5-year survival rates of patients with stages Ⅱ and Ⅲ gastric carcinoma who received a D2 lymphadenectomy combined with IORT were improved and had no influence on the postoperative complications and mortality.     

进展期胃癌不同切除术式对辅助化疗耐受性的影响

目的比较不同胃癌根治术式对术后辅助化疗耐受性及完成率的影响。方法回顾性观察不同术式对进展期胃癌病例术后辅助化疗的影响,比较严重不良反应发生率、化疗终止原因、内镜下反流性食管炎发病率及吻合口病变情况。结果 327例可切除的局部进展期胃癌患者,其中全胃切除术式81例,近端胃切除85例,远端胃切除161例;术后化疗完成率分别为40.7%,21.2%及36.6%。近端胃切除组化疗严重不良反应发生率为48.2%,明显高于其他两组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。导致近端胃切除组化疗不耐受的原因中,消化道不良反应所占比例为43.3%,尤其是呕吐反应的发生率为35.8%,明显高于其他两组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。近端胃切除组反流性食管炎及吻合口溃疡的发生率亦明显高于其他两组,差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论近端胃切除组病例术后化疗不良反应发生率高,化疗完成率低,而全胃切除术后辅助化疗耐受相对好,化疗完成率高,可提高胃上部癌的治愈率并降低复发率。