腹腔镜脾脏切除术

自从1992年Delaitre报告首例腹腔镜脾脏切除术(laparo-scopic splenectomy,LS)以来,经过腹腔镜外科同道们十余年的共同努力,LS已经成为临床常见的腹腔镜实质性脏器切除手术之一。虽然腹腔镜下组织分离、止血、结扎等操作困难,且脾脏质脆,术中很难把持和牵引,使得LS风险高、难度大,但由于其创伤轻、失血少、恢复快、住院时间短及伤口美观等优点,受到了广大患者和外科医师的欢迎。一、LS的适应证和禁忌证随着腹腔镜新器械的不断改进及操作技术的日趋成熟,LS适应证的范围也在不断拓宽。常规的LS适应证为需行脾切除治疗的血液系统疾病(如…     

腹腔镜脾脏切除术的研究进展

腹腔镜脾切除术具有创伤小、痛苦轻、康复快及美容等优点,目前在临床工作中已得到广泛应用。随着外科技术的进步、器械的发展,此术式已成为微创治疗脾脏相关疾病的首选,取得了革命性的转变。本文总结了腹腔镜脾切除术的手术适应证与禁忌证、术前准备、手术方式、并发症及疗效评价,对目前腹腔镜脾切除术的研究动态及临床进展作一综述与分析。     

腹腔镜脾脏部分切除术的安全性及疗效

背景与目的：目前腹腔镜腹部外科微创技术日益成熟,腹腔镜全脾切除术已在各大医疗中心及基层医院广泛开展。但全脾切除术后导致的血栓形成、免疫功能低下、爆发性感染等并发症的出现使得外科医生进行新的思考,比如腹腔镜下脾脏部分切除术因保存了脾脏部分功能而成为新开展的外科技术。然而,腹腔镜脾脏部分切除术因切除平面难以评估、术中出血难以控制,又是许多外科医师仍不敢轻易尝试的手术方式。笔者就近年来开展的腹腔镜脾脏部分切除术患者资料进行总结,探讨其安全性及疗效。方法：回顾性收集湖南省人民医院2018年1月—2021年7月8例行腹腔镜脾脏部分切除术患者的临床资料。患者术前常规检查诊断为原发性脾脏良性肿瘤或诊断为脾脏外伤（Ⅰ～Ⅲ级）,经讨论后认为有手术指征和条件。术中采用二级脾蒂分离技术行腹腔镜脾脏部分切除术。结果：8例患者均顺利完成腹腔镜脾脏部分切除术,脾上极切除2例,脾下极切除6例。手术时间150～350 min,平均（227.5±70.0） min;术中出血量200 (50～1 000) m L。术后腹腔引流管引流量为5～120 mL,平均为（84.4±24.1） m L,引流管均于3～5 d拔除。术后...     

腹腔镜脾切除术治疗脾脏肿瘤的护理体会

正2010年7月至2015年12月我科为38例脾脏肿瘤患者行腹腔镜脾脏切除术,效果满意,现将护理体会报道如下。1资料与方法1.1临床资料本组38例患者中男27例,女11例;23~65岁,平均(40.8±3.2)岁。脾脏淋巴瘤27例,脾脏血管瘤3例,脾脏肉瘤2例,结直肠癌术后转移性脾肿瘤5例,脾脏肌纤维母细胞瘤1例。1.2结果手术时间平均(154.14±14.02)min,术中出血量平均(116±125)ml,无一例中转开腹。术后并发1例A级胰瘘,予以引流、支持治疗后治愈,无手术死亡、大出血等     

腹腔镜技术在脾脏切除术中的应用

目的 探讨腹腔镜脾切除术（LS）在治疗与脾脏有关疾病中的应用、手术方法及临床效果。方法 利用腹腔镜技术在CO2气腹情况下对43例需行脾切除术的患者进行手术,并对手术前后患者一般状况的改善、血小板计数的变化、并发症的出现与否及术后恢复情况等进行总结性分析。结果 43例患者全部采用LS方法完成手术,术后无并发症出现;对特发性血小板减少性紫癜（ITP）患者的有效率为89．3％;体外B超脾脏长径＞15cm者手术难度明显增加,手术时间延长。结论 只要掌握好脾切除术的手术指征及腹腔镜下的操作技巧,LS是脾脏手术的最佳方法之一。     

保留脾脏的腹腔镜胰体尾切除术治疗经验

目的 总结腹腔镜保留脾脏的胰体尾切除术的经验。方法 2003年11月和2004年12月分别对2例胰体尾囊性占位患者施行保留脾脏的腹腔镜胰体尾切除术。结果 2例手术均顺利完成,手术时间分别为220min和190min,术中出血为450ml和350ml,术后住院时间为6d和5d,术后无胰漏等并发症发生。病理诊断2例均为胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤。分别随访18个月和5个月,术前症状均得到明显缓解,未见复发。结论 对胰体尾部良性病变行保留脾脏的腹腔镜胰体尾切除术是安全可行的,具有创伤轻、恢复快、并发症少等优点。     

腹腔镜脾脏切除术中出血的防治体会

目的：探讨腹腔镜脾脏切除术中出血的防治措施。方法：回顾分析哈尔滨医科大学附属第四医院2007年1月—2010年1月开展的63例腹腔镜脾脏切除（LS）患者的临床资料,其中门静脉高压症、脾功能亢进44例,特发性血小板减少性紫癜（ITP）6例,外伤性脾破裂6例,脾恶性淋巴瘤3例,脾血管瘤3例,脾囊肿1例。结果：全部病例均在腹腔镜下完成手术。53例行脾动脉预处理,48例行二级脾蒂法脾切除。手术时间120～200min,平均150min,术中出血150～800mL,平均250mL。结论：脾动脉预处理,二级脾蒂法脾切除是降低术中出血的关键。     

腹腔镜脾脏切除术23例

我院2005年3月—2010年2月在无切割闭合器的条件下施行腹腔镜脾切除术（1aparoscopic splenectomy,LS）23例,总结报道如下。     

自制手套水囊在腹腔镜脾脏切除术中的应用

<正>腹腔镜脾切除术(laparoscopic splenectomy,LS)具有创伤小、患者康复快、住院时间短等优势,目前已成为治疗脾脏疾病的常用手段,手术难点是脾脏的显露与出血,而脾脏位置深,而且质地脆,牵拉困难且容易撕裂出血。自2012年我院开始开展LS,通过使用自制水囊在实施LS时托起脾脏,至今已成功为19例特发性血小板减少性紫癜等血液病、脾占位疾病、肝硬化门脉高压脾功能亢进及脾脏外伤患者行LS。     

超声刀在腹腔镜脾脏切除术中的应用

自从 1991年腹腔镜脾脏切除术 (LS)应用于临床以来〔1〕,由于术后胃肠功能恢复快 ,疼痛轻 ,并发症少 ,死亡率低 ,因此适用于患血液疾病需行脾切除者〔2〕。我们从 2 0 0 0年 7月至 2 0 0 2年 5月使用超声刀为 2 0例原发性脾功能亢进的病人行LS治疗 ,取得成功。临床资料1.一般资料 :本组男性 5例 ,女性 15例。年龄13～ 5 5岁 ,平均 32岁。术前诊断分别为 :原发性血小板减少性紫癜 (ITP) 14例 ,自体免疫性溶血性贫血 (AIHA) 4例 ,Evan综合征 2例。本组 14例脾体积正常或轻度肿大 ,1例脾体积缩小 ,5例脾明显肿大。 3例有妇科手术史。本组…     

Pediatric laparoscopic splenectomy

Background: Lateral laparoscopic splenectomy in adults, first reported in 1991, was begun with children in 1993. Methods: The authors reviewed records of 59 patients 2 to 17 years old who underwent laparoscopic splenectomy by the lateral approach between 1994 and 1998 at four medical centers. Patients received prophylactic penicillin or vaccinations preoperatively. Results: Of the 59 patients, 51 required splenectomy for one of the following conditions: idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, hereditary spherocytosis, or sickle-cell disease. Splenomegaly was found in 86% of the patients, and ten accessory spleens were resected. No deaths or infection occurred, and only three patients had perioperative complications: acute chest crisis, small diaphragmatic injury, and intraoperative hemorrhage. One operation was converted to a minilaparatomy because of difficulty with specimen extraction. Conclusions: Pediatric laparoscopic splenectomy is safe and effective, resulting in little blood loss, rapid recovery, and a good cosmetic outcome. Received: 12 February 1999/Accepted: 24 September 1999/Online publication: 8 May 2000     

手助的腹腔镜脾切除术

本文报道用手助技术完成腹腔镜脾切除术治疗1例原发性血小板减少性紫癜症。2．5h完成手术，术中出血少。3天之内恢复。手助腹腔镜脾切除术操作安全、手术时间缩短，并使腹腔镜技术切除较大脾脏成为可能。     

Optimizing laparoscopic splenectomy

Background: Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS), like other advanced laparoscopic procedures, is still an evolving procedure. The indications for surgery, criteria for patient selection, and operative technique are not yet well defined. We have therefore modified the standard technique for performing LS in an attempt to optimize the procedure. Methods: Over the past 2 years, we have performed LS in 59 patients. The last 43 patients were operated using a standardized technique that we believe to be optimal. It includes the routine use of the right lateral position, operating through three trocars, the mass transection of the splenic vasculature with a vascular endoscopic stapler, and the use of a self-retaining retrieval bag. Results: The average operating time was 79 min. Average blood loss was 95 cc, and average postoperative hospitalization was 2.3 days. There was one intraoperative complication and one postoperative complication. These results are superior to those we achieved earlier in our own experience, as well as to similar series that have been published recently. Conclusions: In our experience, the use of this new technique resulted in relatively short procedures with low morbidity. We believe that these results justify the use of LS as the procedure of choice for elective splenectomy in patients with normal or moderately enlarged spleens.     

Single-incision laparoscopic splenectomy

Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) is a rapidly evolving field as a bridge between traditional laparoscopic surgery and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery. We present a case of SILS splenectomy performed with conventional laparoscopic instruments in a 7-month-old boy with the diagnosis of multiple splenic abscesses. A 3-cm umbilical incision was used for the placement of two (5 mm) trocars and one 10-mm videoscope (30°). Conventional laparoscopic dissector and grasper were the main tools during surgical procedure. Spleen was removed through the umbilical incision. Although procedures like aingle-incision cholecystectomy have been reported, to the best of our knowledge this is the first report of SILS splenectomy using conventional laparoscopic instruments reported from India and is perhaps the first in an infant in the world literature.     

手助的腹腔镜脾切除术

目的 探讨手助的腹腔镜脾切除术手术技术。方法用手助技术完成5例腹腔镜脾切除术，其中原发性血小板减少性紫癜3例，血吸虫性肝硬化、脾肿大及脾功能亢进伴胆囊结石2例。3例行手助的腹腔镜脾切除术，2例同时行腹腔镜胆囊切除术 手助腹腔镜巨脾切除。结果 2～5h完成手术，术中出血少。病人术后恢复顺利。结论 手助腹腔镜脾切除术操作安全、手术时间缩短，并使腹腔镜切除较大脾脏成为可能。     

手助腹腔镜脾切除术

目的　探讨手助腹腔镜脾切除术手术技术。　方法　用手助腹腔镜技术完成 5例腹腔镜脾切除术 ,其中原发性血小板减少性紫癜 (ITP) 3例 ,血吸虫性肝硬变、脾肿大及脾功能亢进伴胆囊结石2例。 3例行手助腹腔镜脾切除术 ;2例同时行腹腔镜胆囊切除与手助腹腔镜巨脾切除。　结果　 2h～ 5h完成手术 ,术中出血少。患者术后恢复顺利。　结论　手助腹腔镜脾切除术操作安全、手术时间短 ,并使腹腔镜切除较大脾脏成为可能。     

Hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy

Laparoscopic splenectomy is performed routinely in patients with small and moderately enlarged spleens at specialized centers. Large spleens are difficult to handle laparoscopically and hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy might facilitate the procedure through enhanced vascular control, easier retraction and manipulation, manual guidance of endostaplers, and clip appliers. A technique of hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy is described. Received: 4 August 2000/Accepted: 4 August 2000/Online publication: 18 October 2000     

Hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy vs conventional laparoscopic splenectomy in cases of splenomegaly

HYPOTHESIS: Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) is the procedure of choice for elective splenectomy. Splenomegaly may preclude safe mobilization and hilar control using conventional laparoscopic techniques. Hand-assisted LS (HALS) may offer the same benefits of minimally invasive surgery for splenomegaly while allowing safe manipulation and splenic dissection. DESIGN: A retrospective review of patients with splenomegaly undergoing conventional LS or HALS was performed. SETTING: Tertiary care referral center. PATIENTS: Hand-assisted LS was performed at the start of the operation for patients with splenomegaly; splenomegaly was determined by palpation of the splenic tip extending to the midline or the iliac crest, or by a craniocaudal splenic length of greater than 22 cm. Splenomegaly was defined as a splenic weight of greater than 700 g after morcellation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patient demographic characteristics, operative indications, splenic weight after morcellation, morbidity, mortality, and clinical outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: Forty-five patients with splenomegaly were identified: 31 underwent standard LS and 14 underwent HALS. The HALS group had significantly larger spleens than the conventional LS group (mean weight, 1516 vs 1031 g; P =.02). Mean operative time (177 vs 186 minutes; P =.89), estimated blood loss (602 vs 376 mL; P =.17), and length of hospital stay (5.4 vs 4.2 days; P =.24) and complication rates (5 [36%] of 14 vs 5 [16%] of 31; P =.70) were similar between the HALS and the standard LS groups. No perioperative mortality occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Hand-assisted LS is a safe and efficacious procedure for these extremely difficult cases. Hand-assisted LS provides the benefits of a minimally invasive approach in cases of splenomegaly.