In vitro biocompatibility of three chitosan/polycation composite materials for nerve regeneration

BACKGROUND:It has been reported that chitosan nerve conduits could support axon elongation and improve relevant function during in vivo nerve regeneration. OBJECTIVE: To investigate in vitro biocompatibility of three novel, chitosan/polycation composite materials for nerve regeneration in cultured mouse Schwann cells and PC12 cells. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The observational, control experiments for nerve tissue engineering were performed at the Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology of Tsingh...     

颅内夹层动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗

Objective To analyze the clinical features of intracranial dissecting aneurysm and summarize the experience of its endovascular embolization. Methods 16 cases of intracranial dissecting aneurysm were treated by endovascular embolization. Among these 16 patients, 3 patients were treated with single stent or double stent placement technique, 9 patients were treated with stent- assisted coil embolization technique, 3 patients were ball artery occluded using the balloon - assisted or coil - assisted technique, and 1 patient was treated by simple coil embolization. Results Out of the 16 patients, 9 cases were completely occluded ( including parent artery occlusion cases ), 3 cases were subtotally occluded, 4 cases were incompletely occluded ( including cases of stent implantation ). Followed up for 6 months to 3 years, in addition to 1 case of early death, GOS evaluation results were respectively: grade Ⅰ 8 cases, grade Ⅱ 4 cases, grade Ⅲ 2 cases, grade Ⅳ 1 case. Cerebral angiography was carried out in 8 follow - up patients. No recurrence was watched in 7 cases, aneurysm neck recanalization was watched in 1 case, follow up was continued. Conclusion According to different localization of intracranial aneurysm and different pathological features, different methods of endovascular embolization are selected. It is the safe and effective treatment of dissecting aneurysm.     

颅内夹层动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗

Objective To analyze the clinical features of intracranial dissecting aneurysm and summarize the experience of its endovascular embolization. Methods 16 cases of intracranial dissecting aneurysm were treated by endovascular embolization. Among these 16 patients, 3 patients were treated with single stent or double stent placement technique, 9 patients were treated with stent- assisted coil embolization technique, 3 patients were ball artery occluded using the balloon - assisted or coil - assisted technique, and 1 patient was treated by simple coil embolization. Results Out of the 16 patients, 9 cases were completely occluded ( including parent artery occlusion cases ), 3 cases were subtotally occluded, 4 cases were incompletely occluded ( including cases of stent implantation ). Followed up for 6 months to 3 years, in addition to 1 case of early death, GOS evaluation results were respectively: grade Ⅰ 8 cases, grade Ⅱ 4 cases, grade Ⅲ 2 cases, grade Ⅳ 1 case. Cerebral angiography was carried out in 8 follow - up patients. No recurrence was watched in 7 cases, aneurysm neck recanalization was watched in 1 case, follow up was continued. Conclusion According to different localization of intracranial aneurysm and different pathological features, different methods of endovascular embolization are selected. It is the safe and effective treatment of dissecting aneurysm.     

Ultrasound imaging of chitosan nerve conduits that bridge sciatic nerve defects in rats

<正>The repair of peripheral nerve injuries with autologous nerve remains the gold standard(Wang et al.,2005;Yao et al.,2010;Deal et al.,2012;Kriebel et al.,2014;Liu et al.,2014;Tamaki et al.,2014;Yu et al.,2014;Zhu and Lou,2014).With advances in tissue engineering and biomaterials,tissue-engineered nerve conduits with various biomaterials and structures,such as collagen and chitosan nerve conduits,have already been used in     

In vitro biocompatibility of three chitosan/polycation composite materials for nerve regeneration*****☆

BACKGROUND：It has been reported that chitosan nerve conduits could support axon elongation and improve relevant function during in vivo nerve regeneration. OBJECTIVE： To investigate in vitro biocompatibility of three novel, chitosan/polycation composite materials for nerve regeneration in cultured mouse Schwann cells and PC12 cells. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The observational, control experiments for nerve tissue engineering were performed at the Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology of Tsinghua University from August 2007 to January 2008. MATERIALS： Mouse Schwann cells were isolated from the sciatic nerve of 5–7-day-old BALB/C mice. PC12 cells were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection （ATCC, USA）. Chitosan was purchased from Tsingdao Haisheng Co., China. Poly-L-lysine hydrochloride （PLL）, polyethyleneimine （PEI） poly-L-ornithine hydrobromide （POR）, and S-100 antibody was purchased from Sigma Chemical Co., USA. Cell Counting Kit-8 （CCK-8） was purchased from Dojindo Chemical Co., Japan. METHODS： Three chitosan/polycation composite materials for nerve regeneration （PLL-0.25, PEI-0.25, and POR-0.25） were produced by blending chitosan with 0.25% （w/w） poly-L-lysine, polyethyleneimine, and poly-L-ornithine. Pure chitosan was utilized as the control. After 3 days of culture, the morphology of mouse Schwann and PC12 cells cultured on all substrates was observed with an inverted phase contrast microscope. Mouse Schwann cells were stained by immunofluorescence labeling S-100 protein and nuclei, followed by identification with a confocal laser-scanning microscope. The amount of proliferating mouse Schwann and PC12 cells was determined by CCK-8 after 1, 3, and 5 days in culture. The level of PC12 cell differentiation on all substrates was assessed by measuring neurite length at 1, 3, and 5 days after seeding. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Morphology and amount of proliferation of mouse Schwann cells and PC12 cells cultured on chitosan and three polycation-modif     

Screening of differentially expressed genes related to differentiation and proliferation by gene expression profiling of different grade astrocytoma cell lines*☆

BACKGROUND： The detection of differential gene expression in brain is possible by cDNA microarray technology, and the screening of differentially expressed genes might provide a biological basis for gene-targeted therapy for tumors. OBJECTIVE： To detect the differential expression of genes among astrocytoma SHG-44 （WHO grade Ⅳ）, CHG-5 （WHO grade Ⅱ）, and ATRA-treated SHG-44 cell lines by cDNA microarray. DESIGN： Laboratory experiments in vitro. SETTING： Department of Neurobiology, the Third Military Medical University. MATERIALS： The experiment was performed at the Department of Neurobiology in the Third Military Medical University of the Chinese PLA from January to October 2007. The SHG-44 cell line （WHO grade Ⅳ） was established by Prof. Ziwei Du, and the CHG-5 cell line （WHO grade Ⅱ） was set up by Prof. Xiuwu Bian from the Third Military Medical University of the Chinese PLA. The cDNA microarray containing 9182 known genes was prepared and provided by Dr. Yang Zhong at the City University of Hong Kong. METHODS： To screen differentially expressed genes from the gene expression profiles detected by cDNA microarray comparisons were made between CHG-5 and SHG-44 cells and between SHG-44 cells with or without treatment with 10 μmol/L ATRA. Some differentially expressed genes were selected randomly for Northern Blot analysis to confirm the results of the microarray. The determination criteria for differential gene expression were as follows. ① The ratio of Cy5 signal to Cy3 was greater than 2.0 or less than 0.5. ② The results of the triplicate microarray hybridizations showed the same trend in three experiments. ③ A gene appeared at least two times on the triplicate microarray hybridizations, and the 3^rd value did not show a contradictory trend. A normalized ratio of Cy5 intensity to Cy3 greater than 2.0 or less than 0.5 was considered to represent up-regulated or down-regulated gene expression, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The identification of genes that were sim     

Novel conductive polypyrrole/silk fibroin scaffold for neural tissue repair

Three dimensional(3D) bioprinting, which involves depositing bioinks(mixed biomaterials) layer by layer to form computer-aided designs, is an ideal method for fabricating complex 3D biological structures. However, it remains challenging to prepare biomaterials with micro-nanostructures that accurately mimic the nanostructural features of natural tissues. A novel nanotechnological tool, electrospinning, permits the processing and modification of proper nanoscale biomaterials to enhance neural cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, differentiation, and subsequent nerve regeneration. The composite scaffold was prepared by combining 3D bioprinting with subsequent electrochemical deposition of polypyrrole and electrospinning of silk fibroin to form a composite polypyrrole/silk fibroin scaffold. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze scaffold composition. The surface morphology of the scaffold was observed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. A digital multimeter was used to measure the resistivity of prepared scaffolds. Light microscopy was applied to observe the surface morphology of scaffolds immersed in water or Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium at 37°C for 30 days to assess stability. Results showed characteristic peaks of polypyrrole and silk fibroin in the synthesized conductive polypyrrole/silk fibroin scaffold, as well as the structure of the electrospun nanofiber layer on the surface. The electrical conductivity was 1 × 10~(-5)–1 × 10~(-3) S/cm, while stability was 66.67%. A 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide assay was employed to measure scaffold cytotoxicity in vitro. Fluorescence microscopy was used to observe Ed U-labeled Schwann cells to quantify cell proliferation. Immunohistochemistry was utilized to detect S100β immunoreactivity, while scanning electron microscopy was applied to observe the morphology of adherent Schwann cells. Results demonstrated that the polypyrrole/silk fibroin scaffold was not cytotoxic and did not affect Schwann cell proliferation. Moreover, filopodia formed on the scaffold and Schwann cells were regularly arranged. Our findings verified that the composite polypyrrole/silk fibroin scaffold has good biocompatibility and may be a suitable material for neural tissue engineering.     

Transactivating-transduction protein-polyethylene glycol modified liposomes traverse the blood-spinal cord and blood-brain barriers

Naive liposomes can cross the blood-brain barrier and blood-spinal cord barrier in small amounts. Liposomes modified by a transactivating-transduction protein can deliver antibiotics for the treatment of acute bacterial infection-induced brain inflammation. Liposomes conjugated with polyethylene glycol have the capability of long-term circulation. In this study we prepared transactivating-transduction protein-polyethylene glycol-modified liposomes labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate. Thus, liposomes were characterized by transmembrane, long-term circulation and fluorescence tracing. Uptake, cytotoxicity, and the ability of traversing blood-spinal cord and blood-brain barriers were observed following coculture with human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7). Results demonstrated that the liposomes had good biocompatibility, and low cytotoxicity when cocultured with human breast adenocarcinoma cells. Liposomes could traverse cell membranes and entered the central nervous system and neurocytes through the blood-spinal cord and blood-brain barriers of rats via the systemic circulation. These results verified that fluorescein isothiocyanate-modified transactivating-transduction protein-polyethylene glycol liposomes have the ability to traverse the blood-spinal cord and blood-brain barriers.     

Neurotrophins differentially stimulate the growth of cochlear neurites on collagen surfaces and in gels

The electrodes of a cochlear implant are located far from the surviving neurons of the spiral ganglion, which results in decreased precision of neural activation compared to the normal ear. If the neurons could be induced to extend neurites toward the implant, it might be possible to stimulate more discrete subpopulations of neurons, and to increase the resolution of the device. However, a major barrier to neurite growth toward a cochlear implant is the fluid filling the scala tympani, which separates the neurons from the electrodes. The goal of this study was to evaluate the growth of cochlear neurites in three-dimensional extracellular matrix molecule gels, and to increase biocompatibility by using fibroblasts stably transfected to produce neurotrophin-3 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Spiral ganglion explants from neonatal rats were evaluated in cultures. They were exposed to soluble neurotrophins, cells transfected to secrete neurotrophins, and/or collagen gels. We found that cochlear neurites grew readily on collagen surfaces and in three-dimensional collagen gels. Co-culture with cells producing neurotrophin-3 resulted in increased numbers of neurites, and neurites that were longer than when explants were cultured with control fibroblasts stably transfected with green fluorescent protein. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor-producing cells resulted in a more dramatic increase in the number of neurites, but there was no significant effect on neurite length. It is suggested that extracellular matrix molecule gels and cells transfected to produce neurotrophins offer an opportunity to attract spiral ganglion neurites toward a cochlear implant.     

Electrodeposition of chitosan/graphene oxide conduit to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration

Currently available commercial nerve guidance conduits have been applied in the repair of peripheral nerve defects. However, a conduit exhibiting good biocompatibility remains to be developed. In this work, a series of chitosan/graphene oxide(GO) films with concentrations of GO varying from 0–1 wt%(collectively referred to as CHGF-n) were prepared by an electrodeposition technique. The effects of CHGF-n on proliferation and adhesion abilities of Schwann cells were evaluated. The results showed t...     

MTT法评价镧原位改性HMS材料的细胞毒性

背景：国内外对La-HMS制备工艺的探讨比较多,但缺乏对La-HMS生物安全性评价的研究。 目的：制备La-HMS六方介孔材料,并对其进行生物学评价。 方法：以长链伯胺为模板剂,在中性条件下合成出具有六方结构的介孔二氧化硅分子筛,以介孔二氧化硅为载体,将镧元素嵌入分子筛骨架,得到La-HMS。将La-HMS粉末与一定量的黏合剂混合并压片,并经高温高压消毒备用。分离培养鼠骨髓间质干细胞,倒置荧光显微镜下观察培养过程中细胞的形态及增殖情况,MTT检测La-HMS细颗粒对小鼠骨髓间质干细胞相对增殖率的影响,评价其细胞毒性。 结果与结论：培养1 d后,细胞可在La-HMS周围贴壁生长,此后每天细胞生长情况良好,一直保持正常的形态。3 d和 5 d后各培养孔中都未发现脱落的死亡细胞,细胞仍保持原来的形状且数量逐渐增加,且形态良好。MTT检测结果显示,实验制备的La-HMS没有毒性。提示实验用的材料为六方介孔材料,材料的介孔结构利于细胞的黏附,材料符合生物材料细胞毒性要求,具有良好的生物相容性和细胞黏附性,可应用于生物医药方面。 关键词：细胞毒性;MTT比色法;La-HMS;细胞形态;生物相容性 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.011     

心血管支架材料生物相容性的系统评价

目的：探讨心血管支架材料的生物相容性。 方法：应用计算机检索Medline database (1998/2008)、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI：1998/2008),由作者对文献进行筛选、资料收集和质量评价,对心血管支架材料生物相容性的随机动物对照实验和临床应用进行描述。从心血管支架材料生物相容性的实验动物、实验分组、实验材料、观察方法、实验结果、实验结论加以整理。同时对心血管支架材料生物相容性的临床文献进行研究对象基本情况的分析,同时结合其随访方面,进行心血管支架材料生物相容性的全面总结。 结果：共纳入9篇文章,从6篇有关心血管支架材料生物相容性的动物实验可以看出实验动物以犬、猪为主,实验结论均显示,药物涂层支架生物相容性良好,再狭窄发生率低,是较理想的心血管支架材料。3篇有关心血管支架材料生物相容性的临床应用显示,药物涂层支架在临床应用中无年龄、性别和病变部位的影响,从评估标准上可以证实涂层支架可降低介入后的炎症反应,再狭窄发生率,及降低心血管事件发生方面有优势。 结论：药物涂层支架是一种良好的心血管支架材料,组织相容性良好。     

血液相容性抗凝血生物医用高分子材料的制备及其机制

背景: 由于生物医用材料要接触人体内环境,甚至必须植入生物体内,因此要求具有无毒性、优良的生物相容性、高化学稳定性、合适的物理机械性能以及易加工成型性。 目的：从生物惰性材料、生物活性表面和白蛋白的结构及其在抗凝血上的应用几个方面分析血液相容性抗凝血生物医用高分子材料的制备及其机制。 方法：由第一作者检索1969/2010 PubMed数据及万方数据库有关血液相容性抗凝血生物医用高分子材料的制备及其机制等方面的文献。 结果与结论：目前抗凝血材料的制备基本上只是采用单独的生物惰性表面或生物活性表面,虽然都获得了较好效果,但不能长期保持其生物相容性尤其是血液相容性,如果能将惰性表面与活性表面结合起来,使材料同时具备两者的长处,并能充分利用人体血液中的天然组分白蛋白或许会是抗凝血材料的一个发展趋势。今后希望通过采用高生物惰性的PEU和具有生物活性的白蛋白识别因子cibacron blue复合,合成具有优良性质的活性改性物,并以此对聚氨酯进行改性。     

脱细胞血管基质制备及体内外生物相容性

背景：利用脱细胞血管基质作为血管支架具有以下优点：脱细胞血管基质保留了自然血管的复杂三维结构;脱细胞基质表面的生长因子和结构域有利于细胞的黏附和浸润。 目的：制备脱细胞血管基质并对其体内外生物相容性进行评价。 方法：采用胰蛋白酶、Triton X-100逐步处理猪颈动脉制备脱细胞血管基质。采用皮下植入实验、急性毒性实验和体外细胞毒性实验等评价其生物相容性。 结果与结论：脱细胞基质材料具有良好的化学稳定性,未释放对红细胞产生破坏溶解作用的有害元素,未引起急性溶血反应,对细胞的生长无毒性影响。脱细胞基质材料在动物体内植入后早期有较多炎性细胞浸润,到实验观察的后期无明显炎性细胞浸润,脱细胞基质内可见成纤维细胞。另外,脱细胞基质材料对周边组织未产生毒性作用,伤口Ⅰ期愈合。同时组织学切片显示：支架材料与周边组织相容性好,未产生排斥反应。说明脱细胞基质材料在动物体内具有很好的生物相容性。 关键词：血管支架;生物相容性;生物材料;脱细胞血管基质;相容性 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.16.010     

以肝素固化脱细胞支架构建的小口径抗凝人工血管

背景：目前临床上直径< 6 mm的小口径人工血管因生物相容性差、远期通畅率低，使用效果并不理想。 目的：通过对脱细胞血管支架表面固化肝素，制备一种具有抗凝血功能的小口径生物人工血管。 设计、时间及地点：细胞学、组织病理学体外观察，于2005-12/2007-12在鼓楼医院实验室完成。 材料：普通成年杂种犬8只，雌雄不限，体质量约20 kg。 方法：采用去污剂-酶消化法制备犬颈动脉脱细胞支架，并将肝素分子交联至支架表面。将制备的肝素固化血管和脱细胞血管基质植入犬颈动脉进行异体血管移植实验。 主要观察指标：通过血小板黏附实验和细胞接触实验评价其血液、生物相容性能；经异体血管移植实验观察其早期血栓形成情况。 结果：脱细胞支架细胞成分去除完全，而胞外基质保留完整；经肝素固化后具有良好的抗凝血性能，细胞接触实验未显示细胞毒性；植入异体犬颈动脉1个月后，发现肝素固化组移植血管均维持通畅，而植入单纯脱细胞血管基质者因血栓形成而闭塞。 结论：对同种异体脱细胞血管支架进行表面肝素固化，可获得一种具有良好生物相容性和血液相容性的小口径人工血管。     

新型骨折内固定材料的生物学特性★

检索PubMed数据库和中国期刊全文数据库文献，分析新型骨折内固定材料的特点、生物学的性能，以及在临床运用中的特点。新型内固定材料包括有限接触式接骨板、生物活性接骨板、生物可降解接骨板、记忆合金等。对内固定材料的生物力学研究、对板下骨血运的影响、应力遮挡作用、生物相容性是评定该材料是否具有临床运用价值的标准。利用生物实验模型、有限元分析材料的力学特性为未来内固定材料的优化设计提供了有益的帮助。寻找具备良好的生物相容性、对骨血循环影响小、应力遮挡效应低，具有足够的抗弯强度的性能优良的内固定材料是未来骨折愈合领域的研究方向。     

聚乳酸-壳聚糖纤维/羟基磷灰石-硅酸钙复合支架材料的细胞相容性

背景：实践证明,有机和无机材料单独应用都不是理想的支架材料。聚乳酸具有良好的生物相容性、生物降解性和生物吸收性,聚乳酸类复合材料将成为21世纪最重要的生物复合材料之一。 目的：观察复合支架材料聚乳酸-壳聚糖纤维/羟基磷灰石-硅酸钙对成骨细胞黏附、增殖、分化的影响。 方法：取新生24 h内Wistar大鼠的颅盖骨,采用改良胶原酶消化法进行成骨细胞原代培养。通过倒置相差显微镜、苏木 精-伊红染色、碱性磷酸酶染色、钙结节茜素红染色对获得的细胞进行生物学特性的观察与鉴定。然后将第3代细胞与聚乳酸/壳聚糖纤维、聚乳酸-壳聚糖纤维/硅酸钙、聚乳酸-壳聚糖纤维/羟基磷灰石-硅酸钙三种支架材料体外复合培养。培养3,6,9 d后,采用倒置相差显微镜观察材料周边的细胞形态,通过碱性磷酸酶活性测定法和MTT法观察3种支架材料对细胞分化、增殖的影响。 结果与结论：三种材料均有利于成骨细胞的黏附、生长、分化、增殖,而聚乳酸-壳聚糖纤维/羟基磷灰石-硅酸钙复合支架材料较聚乳酸/壳聚糖纤维、聚乳酸-壳聚糖纤维/硅酸钙支架材料促进成骨细胞的分化增殖效果更好,证实其生物相容性好,有望成为一种新型的骨组织工程支架材料。 关键词：复合支架;细胞相容性;生物材料;成骨细胞;组织工程支架材料;骨组织工程 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.016     

超临界流体技术合成的复合型骨替代生物材料：体内外生物学评价

背景：在复合材料内部增加细胞黏附性较好的高分子材料或同骨组织羟基磷灰石成分相似的无机材料,可以改善材料的表面化学结构。过去的十几年,产生和发展了许多合成生物降解支架材料的新技术,虽然超临界流体技术应用在合成支架中时间尚短,但有着其他技术不可比拟的众多优点,目前越发受到学者的重视。 目的：以聚乳酸和同种异体骨粉为原材料,通过超临界流体技术合成复合型骨替代生物材料,评价其生物学特性。 方法：首先将同种异体皮质骨粉与聚乳酸在超临界二氧化碳作用下合成多孔复合型骨生物替代材料。将材料浸提液与成骨细胞系复合培养,体外观察细胞形态、增殖情况;通过材料浸提液皮内注射实验和材料肌袋内埋入实验,体内观察动物的致敏、组织炎症发生情况。 结果与结论：体外大体观察该种复合材料形状、大小、孔隙可控,孔径适中,有较好的硬度,体外实验表明细胞相容性良好,对细胞的增殖无毒副作用;体内实验表明材料植入动物体内未发生致敏反应,组织相容性良好,但无异位成骨作用。说明制备的新型复合骨组织生物材料在细胞学和生物相容性检测上可以满足组织工程支架和骨组织替代的要求,该种合成技术及多孔生物材料有广阔发展前景。 关键词：聚乳酸;同种异体骨;超临界流体技术;复合材料;组织工程 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.25.005     

高分子组织工程材料在组织工程中的应用*○

学术背景：组织工程学的发展为组织或器官的修复与再建提供了可能,组织工程及高分子材料的研究进展值得探讨。 目的：从生物相容性的角度出发论述了组织工程的研究内容及高分子组织工程材料在组织工程中的应用。 检索策略：由该论文的研究人员应用计算机检索Pubmed数据库1990-01/2007-12相关文献,检索词"tissue engineering,tissue engineering materials,Polymers materials,bio-compatibility,bio-compatibility materials,cell-compatibility,cell-compatibility materials",并限定文章语言种类为English,同时计算机检索万方数据库1990-01/2007-12期间的相关文章,检索词为“组织工程;组织工程材料;高分子材料;生物相容性材料;生物相容性;细胞相容性;组织相容性”,并限定文章语言种类为中文。共收集到81篇相关文献,对资料进行初审。纳入标准：文章内容应与生物相容性组织工程材料相关。排除标准：重复研究或Meta分析类文章。30篇文献符合纳入标准,排除的51篇文献为内容陈旧或重复。符合纳入标准的30篇文献中,19篇涉及生物相容性,11篇涉及细胞相容性材料。 文献评价：文献的来源主要是Pubmed数据库及万方数据库。共得到论著类文章25篇,综述类文章5篇。 资料综合：组织工程研究的内容包括种子细胞种植、生物材料植入及细胞移植。细胞的研究包括基因重组技术,将同种、自体或异种的组织体外分解成细胞后培养、增殖后进行构建。材料的研究主要集中于如何将材料与活细胞建成组织工程构建,即具有生物功能的活性材料,由于组织工程材料应具备最佳的材料与细胞界面反应效果,因此设计具有化学分子水平、三维分子水平的细胞/材料杂化界面,具有宏观三维分子水平、符合生物力学要求的装置是组织工程材料研究的核心。高分子材料由于具有良好的物理机械性能、分子结构更接近于生物体而广泛用作生物材料,并在组织工程领域发挥着重要作用。 结论：研究开发具有良好组织相容性的材料是组织工程发展的基石,高分子材料具有较好的性能及接近于生物体的分子结构在组织工程中应用广泛。     

复合硫酸钙-脱钙骨基质人工骨聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥的理化性能*★

背景：临床研究表明，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥的生物活性较差，不太适合单独用于经皮椎体成形。 目的：探索一种能满足经皮椎体成形填充材料理化要求的具备生物活性的多孔复合材料。 方法：将碳酸氢钠、硫酸钙-脱钙骨基质颗粒粉末和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥按不同质量比例(1∶40∶60，0∶40∶60， 1∶0∶100)混合构成A、B、C 3种复合材料。检测各种复合物凝固时间、聚合温度、抗稀散性及成型材料的抗压性，以扫描电镜观察其超微结构。 结果与结论：A、B组与C组材料的凝固时间、聚合温度、抗压强度比较差异有显著性意义，但均符合经皮椎体成形填充材料基本要求，抗稀散性均良好。扫描电镜示A组结合较B、C组材料疏松，材料内部孔隙较多。提示复合材料A具有良好的理化性能，能满足作为经皮椎体成形填充材料的基本条件，且具备较好的孔隙结构，可以进一步研究其组织相容性、可降解性、骨传导性及骨诱导性等生物学性能。