共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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荧光光纤传感器在医药学中的应用研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
荧光光纤化学传感器因其敏感、特异及可远程、在位、连续检测等优点,已在医学、药学、化学反应监测等方面得到了较广泛应用.本文主要就荧光光纤传感器在医药学分析方面的应用研究进行综述. 相似文献
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压电基因芯片是将基因芯片技术、传感器技术、微电子技术结合起来的新的基因分析技术。它是基于石英晶体的质量效应,即石英晶体表面质量改变引起晶体振荡频率变化,从而将杂交信号转变成电信号。其优点是不需要对探针进行标记,可以进行杂交动力学的实时分析,操作简单,容易实现分析的自动化、微型化、集成化。 相似文献
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荧光光纤传感器的医药学中的应用研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
荧光光纤化学传感器因其敏感、特异及可远程、在位、连续检测等优点,已在医学、药学、化学反应监测等方面得到了较广泛应用。本文主要就荧光光纤传感器的医药学分析方面的应用研究进行综述。 相似文献
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FDG-PET对肺部病变的鉴别诊断及纵隔淋巴结良恶性的判断方面,其敏感性和特异性优于CT,PET可行全身性成像更易发现远处转移灶而修改治疗计划。笔者就其在非小细胞肺癌中的应用做一综述。 相似文献
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细支气管肺泡细胞癌(BAC)有其独特的临床表现及影像学表现。临床上本病并非罕见,但容易误诊或漏诊。本文重点讨论了多功能分子成像系统(PET/CT)在诊断BAC中的应用价值。 相似文献
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Small animal PET 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Positron emission tomography (PET) has well-established strengths which are commonly exploited in human clinical research. Not least of these are its dynamic and quantitative capabilities. The recent growth in small animal PET, spurred on by technological developments and an interest in the application of imaging to the field of genomics in mice, has seen impressive improvements in image spatial resolution. The availability of commercial small animal PET scanners has meant a broadening of the user base away from PET development environments and into experimental laboratories. This paper will review these developments and assess the impact on overall data quality. 相似文献
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Matthews PM Rabiner EA Passchier J Gunn RN 《British journal of clinical pharmacology》2012,73(2):175-186
Human in vivo molecular imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) enables a new kind of 'precision pharmacology', able to address questions central to drug development. Biodistribution studies with drug molecules carrying positron-emitting radioisotopes can test whether a new chemical entity reaches a target tissue compartment (such as the brain) in sufficient amounts to be pharmacologically active. Competition studies, using a radioligand that binds to the target of therapeutic interest with adequate specificity, enable direct assessment of the relationship between drug plasma concentration and target occupancy. Tailored radiotracers can be used to measure relative rates of biological processes, while radioligands specific for tissue markers expected to change with treatment can provide specific pharmacodynamic information. Integrated application of PET and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods allows molecular interactions to be related directly to anatomical or physiological changes in a tissue. Applications of imaging in early drug development can suggest approaches to patient stratification for a personalized medicine able to deliver higher value from a drug after approval. Although imaging experimental medicine adds complexity to early drug development and costs per patient are high, appropriate use can increase returns on R and D investment by improving early decision making to reduce new drug attrition in later stages. We urge that the potential value of a translational molecular imaging strategy be considered routinely and at the earliest stages of new drug development. 相似文献
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《Expert opinion on drug discovery》2013,8(5):659-672
The contribution of positron emission tomography (PET) to the drug discovery and development (D3) pipeline has been inhibited by the short half-lifes of PET radioisotopes, 11C and 18F, poor availability and the high cost of infrastructure. Copper-64 (64Cu) has a 12.7 h half-life, simple yet flexible radiochemistry and imaging characteristics that make it ideal for a wider application across the D3 arena. Recent scientific breakthroughs in the production of 64Cu show that it's, commercial production can be made more widely available. More importantly, for pharmaceutical research and development programmes wishing to incorporate the high sensitivity and spatial resolution of PET, but no desire to implement and maintain expensive radiochemistry infrastructure, 64Cu is an exciting option. 相似文献
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自1960年以来,美国FDA推出的基础研究-发现-设计-临床前开发-临床研究等过程的新药研发的转化研究,这种"转化研究"的"万里挑一"的模式,可以说是最早的"转化研究",对近50年的新药发展起了积极作用。随着生命科学研究的发展及成果的应用,转化研究得到快速发展,转换医学模式成为国际医学健康领域的新概念和研究模式。在美国2010年提出"精准医学"概念之后,奥巴马在他的国情咨文中提出了"精确医学"计划,希望更接近治愈癌症和糖尿病等疾病,希望将以基因为特点的大数据信息用于精准个体化药物治疗。"精准医学"作为医学的未来是人类医学的变革,长期目标是为实现多种疾病的治愈提供有价值的信息。基于精准医疗四要素中"精确、准时、共享、个体化",笔者提出"精准药学"的概念,希望它在实现"精准医疗"中发挥重要的作用,而且具有不同于"精准医学"的研究目标和研究特征。"精准药物"治疗只有实现"精准诊断"的基础上,医疗应用相关的"精准药物"才能提出"精准治疗方案",才能实现精准的个体化治疗。在"大数据"时代,基因组学是精准医学和精准药学的共同基础。但药物研发中可以认为与健康人和病人的基因有关,更与疾病的病因有关,但有些功能性疾病和病毒、细菌、寄生虫等感染性疾病的治疗还与它们的感染、复制及其酶和蛋白等生化过程有关,也与药物的制剂技术和组合有关。因此需要更广阔的知识和视野去认识研发的难度和治疗的精准性,才能开发出疗效更好、更安全、更便利、更经济的新药。 相似文献
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药物基因组学在新药开发的多个阶段可发挥重要作用。研究者可借助基因组信息更好地发现新药的作用靶点及其作用机制,药物基因组及其相关技术的发展帮助研究者在新药开发的临床前研究阶段淘汰化学性质不良的化合物,还可指导新药开发的临床试验设计以增加药物有效性和安全性,同时降低开发所需的时间和成本。 相似文献
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药物代谢和药代动力学(DMPK)通过揭示药物的体内代谢处置过程,理解药物药理效应和毒副反应的体内物质基础,是连接药物分子及其性质与生物学效应的桥梁。DMPK人体预测应用模型拟合技术,由人体外试验数据和动物体内外数据预测人体药代动力学性质,并与药效动力学和毒性评价相关联,可提高新药研发效率、降低临床失败率和节省资源。经典的异速放大法和体外-体内外推法主要用于预测人体清除率和稳态表观分布容积等重要的药代动力学参数。近10年来,基于生理的药代动力学模型(PBPK)的快速发展和应用实践,推动了DMPK人体预测在新药研发、药物监管、临床合理和个体化用药中的应用。PBPK模型不仅能预测消除和分布等参数,还能用于药物人体药代动力学行为的预测,包括血药浓度-时间曲线和药物-药物相互作用,以及不同人群体内药代动力学和药代-药效预测。作为新药研发的转化科学技术以及个体化用药的指导工具,DMPK人体预测将具有更为广泛的应用价值。 相似文献
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《Expert opinion on drug discovery》2013,8(9):1241-1250
Increasing use of established medical therapies presents a major challenge for the assessment of experimental antiatherosclerotic agents. The requirement to perform clinical trials with increasing numbers of subjects, followed for longer periods of time, creates a scenario that is largely prohibitive for the development of most new agents. Technologic advances in arterial wall imaging provide the opportunity to evaluate the impact of therapies on the natural history of atherosclerosis. The design and implementation of clinical trials that employ serial imaging of the arterial wall has become increasingly used in the development of new therapies to target atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. 相似文献