荧光原位杂交法与免疫组织化学法检测乳腺癌HER-2基因扩增及蛋白表达的对比研究

目的 比较桂林市荧光原位杂交法(FISH)和免疫组织化学法(IHC)检测乳腺癌组织中人表皮生长因子受体(HER-2)基因扩增及其蛋白表达情况的一致性,探讨FISH与IHC检测乳腺癌HER-2基因状态的临床意义.方法 应用IHC和FISH对50例乳腺癌患者HER-2蛋白表达、基因扩增情况及17号染色体倍体性进行检测,分析IHC与FISH检测HER-2基因状态的差异以及HER-2蛋白状态与17号染色体倍体性的相天性.结果 FISH与IHC结果 总的符合率为82.0%,两者之间存在较好的一致性(kappa=0.640),FISH检测IHC结果 为3+、2+和0/1+者的符合率分别为92.9%、70.0%和80.8%;IHC3+及2+者出现17号染色体多体性的几率比IHC0/1+者高(P<0.05).结论 FISH可以准确和稳定地检测乳腺癌组织中HER-2的基因状态及17号染色体倍体性;FISH检测IHC3+者符合率较高,FSH与IHC的差异主要在于IHC2+和IHC0/+组,IHC仅作为检测HER-2基因状态的初筛方法 ,而IHC结果 为2+或0/1+者的HER-2基因状态必须应用FISH进一步确定.     

荧光原位杂交法与免疫组织化学法检测乳腺癌HER-2基因扩增及蛋白表达的对比研究

目的比较桂林市荧光原位杂交法（FISH）和免疫组织化学法（IHC）检测乳腺癌组织中人表皮生长因子受体（HER-2）基因扩增及其蛋白表达情况的一致性．探讨FISH与IHC检测乳腺癌HER-2基因状态的临床意义。方法应用IHC和FISH对50例乳腺癌患者HER-2蛋白表达、基因扩增情况及17号染色体倍体性进行检测,分析IHC与FISH检测HER-2基因状态的差异以及HER-2蛋白状态与17号染色体倍体性的相关性。结果FISH与IHC结果总的符合率为82．0％．两者之间存在较好的一致性fkappa=0．6401,FISH检测IHC结果为3＋、2＋和0／1＋者的符合率分别为92．9％、70．0％和80．8％;IHC3＋及2＋者出现17号染色体多体性的几率比IHC0／1＋者高（P〈0．05）。结论FISH可以准确和稳定地检测乳腺癌组织中HER-2的基因状态及17号染色体倍体性：FISH检测IHC3＋者符合率较高,FISH与IHC的差异主要在于IHC2＋和IHC0／＋组,IHC仅作为检测HER-2基因状态的初筛方法．而IHC结果为2＋或0／1＋者的HER-2基因状态必须应用FISH进一步确定。     

免疫组化法检测乳腺癌人类表皮生长因子受体2的临床意义

目的探讨免疫组化法(IHC)检测乳腺癌人类表皮生长因子受体2(Her-2)的临床意义。方法选取2018年3月～2019年6月我院收治的80例行乳腺癌切除术的乳腺癌患者,所有患者乳腺癌组织均经荧光原位杂交法(FISH)、IHC检测Her-2,将FISH检测结果作为"金标准",分析IHC检测乳腺癌Her-2的临床应用价值。结果入选80例乳腺癌患者中,经FISH检测Her-2阳性(基因有扩增)43例、占53.75%,阴性(基因无扩增)37例、占46.25%。以FISH检测为"金标准",IHC对乳腺癌Her-2检测阳性符合率为88.37%(38/43),阴性符合率为89.19%(33/37);IHC与FISH检测结果具有极好的一致性(Kappa=0.774)。结论 IHC检测乳腺癌Her-2具有较高临床应用价值,可为临床诊治提供有效指导。     

荧光原位杂交与免疫组织化学技术检测乳腺癌人表皮生长因子受体2基因扩增及蛋白表达研究

目的 探讨荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)和免疫组织化学(immunohistochemistry,IHC)检测乳腺癌人表皮生长因子受体2(human epidermal growth factor receptor 2,HER2)基因表达及扩增状态的临床意义.方法 采用FISH和IHC技术分别检测35例乳腺癌患者手术切除标本的HER2基因和蛋白表达情况及17号染色体倍体性,分析HER2基因扩增和蛋白表达状态的差异与17号染色体倍体性的相关性.结果 IHC与FISH检测的总符合率为82.8％;FISH检测HER2基因扩增情况与IHC检查HER2蛋白表达为(卅)、(++)和(-/+)者的符合率分别为93.3％,60.0％和90.0％; HER2基因绝对拷贝数阳性和阴性的患者中分别存在26.7％和10.0％的17号染色体多体扩增.结论 IHC是初步筛查HER2基因状态的首选方法;IHC检测HER2蛋白阳性的乳腺癌标本存在假阳性,FISH可准确、稳定地检测乳腺癌组织中HER2的基因状态及17号染色体倍体性.     

荧光原位杂交技术检测乳腺癌Her-2/neu基因与免疫组化法检测C-erbB2蛋白的相关性研究

目的探讨荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)检测石蜡标本乳腺癌Her-2基因和免疫组化法(IHC)检测C-erbB2蛋白表达结果的相关性。方法采用荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)和免疫组化技术(IHC)分别检测203例乳腺癌患者手术切除标本的Her-2基因和C-erbB2蛋白表达,分析两种方法检测结果的相关性。结果203例中C-erbB2免疫组化阳性110例(54%),阴性93例;FISH结果阳性60例(阳性率29%),阴性143例。93例C-erbB2蛋白为阴性的患者中,Her-2基因表达阴性的87例,符合率93.6%(87/93);58例C-erbB2蛋白为+的患者中,Her-2基因表达为阳性的11例,符合率为19.0%(11/58);29例C-erbB2蛋白为++的患者中,Her-2基因表达为阳性的22例,符合率75.9%(22/29);23例C-erbB2蛋白为+++的患者中,Her-2基因表达为阳性的21例,符合率91.3%(21/23)。结论对于IHC法初筛为阴性(-)或强阳性(+++)的患者符合率(≥91.3%)较高,可选择性的进行FISH实验,尤其对于50岁以上年龄组的患者可基本确诊,对于IHC法初筛为阳性(+～++)的患者应再进行FISH实验以确定Her-2基因的状态。     

荧光原位杂交技术检测乳腺癌Her-2/neu扩增

目的：探讨荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）检测乳腺癌Her-2/neu的扩增情况,比较FISH法与免疫组织化学（I HC）法检测结果的一致性。方法：收集乳腺癌患者手术切除的肿瘤标本50例。经石蜡包埋,组织切片后,应用FISH法检测Her-2/neu扩增情况,I HC法检测Her-2/neu蛋白表达情况,并对两种检测方法的结果进行统计学分析。结果：50例标本中FISH阳性17例,FISH阴性33例,FISH阳性率34%（17/50）。50例标本中I HC（～）14例,I HC（0～＋）36例,I HC蛋白表达率28%（14/50）。FISH法与I HC法检测结果的总符合率为82%（41/50）（K=0.581）。结论：FISH法具有较高的稳定性与可靠性,临床开展FISH法检测Her-2/neu基因扩增情况作为I HC法的补充,可以更加准确和客观地对乳腺癌患者的治疗和预后进行评价。     

探讨EDTA热修复法在IHC检测乳腺癌Her-2中的应用价值

正乳腺癌是女性发病率最高的恶性肿瘤~([1]),人类表皮生长因子受体2(Her-2)阳性的乳腺癌患者预后较差,使用Her-2靶向药物治疗效果较好~([2])。正确检测和评定乳腺癌的Her-2蛋白表达和基因扩增状态,对乳腺癌的临床治疗和预后判断至关重要~([3])。目前国内最常用免疫组化(IHC)和荧光原位杂交(FISH)检测Her-2状态~([4])。FISH检测成本大,不利于基层医院的普遍开展。IHC检测中常用的柠檬酸     

应用FISH和IHC技术检测中国乳腺癌患者HER-2基因状态及蛋白表达的前瞻性多中心研究

目的 对比研究乳腺癌患者IHC检测c-erbB2蛋白表达和FISH检测HER-2/neu基因扩增情况,并探讨HER-2基因状态与各临床病理特征的相关性.方法 本研究为全国73家中心参与的前瞻性研究.收集2007年10月至2009年9月乳腺癌患者标本3 249份,应用IHC和FISH两种方法分别检测3 249份乳腺癌患者手术的石蜡标本c-erbB2蛋白表达和HER-2基因扩增情况,并分析HER-2基因状态与患者各临床病理特征的关系.结果 全组患者IHC检测c-erbB2蛋白表达阳性率为46.9%(1477/3149),FISH检测HER-2基因扩增率为42.6%(1342/3149),其中IHC评分为3+和0分时,与FISH检测的一致性较高,分别为94.1%(892/948)和89.9%(660/734),而IHC 1+和2+组与FISH的一致性较低,分别为71.0%(514/725)和55.9%(415/742).同时,HER-2基因扩增与激素状态中雌激素与孕激素均阴性(r=0.45,P<0.01)、组织分级Ⅲ级(r=0.51,P<0.01)、淋巴结转移数目多于4枚(r=0.35,P<0.01)、临床分期Ⅲ/Ⅳ期(r=0.33,P<0.01)、肿瘤直径>2 cm(r=0.38,P<0.01)、绝经后(r=0.24,P<0.01)有相关性,与年龄(r=0.36,P=0.068)、CA125(r=0.11,P=0.722)、CA153(r=0.23,P=0.45)和CEA(r=0.22,P=0.074)表达情况、淋巴结转移(r=0.15,P=0.18)、肿瘤个数(r=0.21,P=0.056)及脉管瘤栓(r=0.12,P=0.133)无相关性.结论 FISH和IHC两种方法检测HER-2表达状态具有较高的一致性.结合实际情况包括费用仪器等限制,在IHC作为初筛的基础上,仍然推荐FISH作为检测HER-2基因扩增的标准方法.FISH技术检测乳腺癌患者HER-2基因表达状态可为临床指导用药和预后评价提供更可靠的依据.     

FISH和IHC检测乳腺癌患者HER2/neu基因影响因素的研究

目的 观察乳腺癌石蜡包埋组织荧光原位杂交(FISH)和免疫组化(IHC)检测乳腺癌患者HER2/neu基因状态,比较不同切片方法及不同结果判读人员的经验区别.方法 55例乳腺癌石蜡包埋组织分组切片和观察判读,观察1组:由技术人员选定区域切片,平行检测HER2/neu基因状态;观察2组:先切片做HE染色,由初级病理医师根据病理图像选定区域后切片,平行检测HER2/neu基因状态,并由初级病理医师分析结果;观察3组,由中、高级病理医师根据病理图像选定区域后重新切片检测,判读分析.结果 观察1组和观察2组,IHC(-)和IHC(1+)与FISH检测一致性较好,IHC(2+)和IHC(3+)与FISH检测的相符率分别为33.33%/33.33%,50.00%/100.00%;2组的一致性分别为中等和较好(K1=0.478,K2=0.659);共有10例患者入选观察3组,重新切片后,6例患者结果不同,其中3例为取材误差,3例为判读误差,3例取材误差均出现在观察1组.结论 FISH和IHC检测乳腺癌患者HER2/neu基因状态受到制片、结果判读等多种因素影响,实验室应制定标准化的操作程序,严密的质量控制和质量保证措施,才可得到准确而可靠的结果.     

乳腺癌HER-2基因荧光原位杂交检测的临床应用

目的研究荧光原位杂交(FISH)用于乳腺癌HER-2检测的临床应用及HER-2基因扩增与乳腺癌临床病理的相关性。方法应用FISH技术和免疫组化(IHC)技术检测40例乳腺浸润性导管癌石蜡包埋标本,对比分析。结果IHC检测CerbB-2(3+)/(2+)/(1+或0),其FISH阳性率分别为85.7%、50%、5.9%。24例腋窝淋巴结阳性者,其FISH检测HER-2基因扩增10例(P=0.0399)。ER/PR阴性8例,其HER-2基因扩增6例(P0.05)。结论IHC检测HER-2蛋白有很高的假阳性及假阴性,FISH有效性及准确性显著高于IHC,可在临床广泛推广应用。HER-2基因扩增与腋窝淋巴结阳性相关。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.