肢体高压注射伤的临床治疗

目的 分析肢体高压注射伤的治疗和临床效果.方法 2011年6月-2013年1月,对4例肢体高压注射伤患者.均在伤后4h内给予清创,1例清创两次,以交臂皮瓣覆盖创面;1例清创三次,以游离植皮覆盖创面;1例清创一期闭合创口,术后创口感染皮肤缺损,以局部转移皮瓣覆盖创面;1例直接闭合创口.术后均给予系统康复治疗.结果 4例患者术后随访时间为5～24个月,均未出现肢体坏死,皮瓣及植皮全部成活.2例手部高压油漆注射伤患者术后均存在冷诱导综合征和指端感觉异常,按TAM系统法评定：优1指,良2指.2例足部高压水枪注射伤患者术后下肢负重、走路无异常,已重新回到工作岗位.结论 肢体高压注射伤是一种特殊类型的损伤,需要有经验的临床医师依据具体病情制定相应的治疗方案,要积极早期清创,及早闭创,早期进行康复治疗,降低肢体伤残率.     

手部高压注射伤的特点及治疗

目的：探讨手部高压注射伤的特点、治疗方法和疗效。方法对2010年1月—2013年12月收治的30例手部油漆等高压注射伤,一期采用清创、局部持续冲洗或封闭负压引流（vacuum sealing drainage, VSD）等措施,二期行植皮或皮瓣手术治疗。结果各指创面愈合良好,未发生手指坏死,术后随访3～36个月,手指屈伸功能基本恢复,治疗效果满意。结论把握高压注射伤的特点,采取早期、及时、合理的治疗方法、配合适当的手功能康复锻炼是治疗的关键。     

手部高压注射伤精细微创治疗

目的探讨手部高压注射伤的精细微创手术治疗的效果。方法对12例手部高压注射伤患者在显微镜下精细一期清创、减压、冲洗引流,二期行游离植皮或皮瓣修复。结果患者均获得随访,时间6~12个月。手部活动度根据TAM功能评定法评价:优3例,良7例,中2例。结论手部高压注射伤是一种严重的复合性损伤,早期切开减压、精细清创、有效引流、延期闭合创口是有效的治疗方法。     

手部油漆高压注射伤的治疗

目的：探讨手部高压注射伤急诊清创及二期修复闭合创面的方法。方法对6例手部油漆高压注射伤患者,急诊于显微镜下行彻底清创手术,若不能一期清除干净,则将伤口敞开,二次清创闭合创口。结果本组4例一期愈合,2例经二期手术扩创后愈合。术后功能恢复优5例,良1例,6例患者均重返工作岗位。结论对于手部油漆高压注射伤的治疗,早期清创,开放伤口,必要时重复清创及二期闭合创面,可以获得较好的治疗效果。     

显微镜下清创+置管冲洗+封闭负压引流术治疗手部高压油漆注射伤

目的 探讨手部高压油漆注射伤的有效治疗方法 . 方法 对2006年至2010年收治的11例手部高压油漆喷枪注射伤患者采用显微镜下清创+置管冲洗+封闭负压引流术的方法 进行治疗.结果 11例患者均在术后20～39d左右伤口获得愈合,平均30d,无一例出现手指坏死.结论 手部高压油漆注射伤是一种严重的复合伤,处置不当容易并发感染、组织坏死、骨筋膜间室综合征等严重并发症,显微镜下清创+置管冲洗+封闭负压引流术的治疗方法 可明显降低感染及致残率.     

应用游离足部皮瓣治疗掌指部化学品高压注射伤

目的 探讨掌指部化学品高压注射伤的手术治疗效果。方法 2008年6月至2012年10月,采用Ⅰ期彻底清创,Ⅱ期游离足部皮瓣修复治疗手部化学品高压注射伤11例。致伤原因:二甲苯注射伤4例,油漆注射伤7例。术后随访,根据手指关节总活动度(TAM)系统评定法评价手部关节功能。结果 本组11例供、受区创面均甲级愈合,皮瓣完全成活。术后3~24个月,皮瓣色泽与质地同受区接近,外形无臃肿,皮肤感觉恢复良好,两点辨别觉为5.0~8.3mm。患指主、被动屈伸活动良好。供区无明显瘢痕增生,行走站立无明显不适。根据手指关节总活动度(TAM)系统评定法[1]评价手部关节功能:优3例,良6例,可2例;优良率81.8%。结论 Ⅰ期彻底清创,通畅引流,Ⅱ期游离足部皮瓣修复创面是治疗手部化学品高压注射伤的较为理想的治疗方案。     

手部化学液体高压注射伤11例的治疗

目的 探讨手部化学液体高压注射伤的临床治疗.方法 对11例手部化学液体高压注射伤患者,采用一期清创、减压、冲洗引流,二期行游离植皮或腹部皮瓣修复.结果 所有患者均获术后随访,时间4～13个月,平均8.5个月,根据TAM功能评定法评价：优7例,良3例,差1例.结论 手部化学液体高压注射伤是一种严重的复合性损伤,临床易失治误治,致残率很高.这种损伤后期基本都会出现组织坏死,早期切开减压、彻底清创、开放引流、延期闭合创口是目前治疗手部化学高压注射伤最主要、有效的方法.     

清创结合负压封闭引流技术治疗手部高压油漆注射伤

目的：探讨负压封闭引流（VSD）技术对手部高压油漆注射伤创面的修复作用及评价疗效。方法：自2005年4月至2010年8月,采用清创结合VSD技术治疗手部高压油漆注射伤14例,年龄23～47岁,平均36.5岁,均为男性,均为左手受伤,拇指5例,食指3例,中指2例,手掌4例。患手肿胀明显,末梢血运差。所有患者在伤后6h内急诊行清创探查及VSD封闭创面,经3～4次手术,待创面肉芽组织新鲜,无明显炎性渗出后,行植皮（9例）或转移皮瓣（5例）修复创面。结果：14例患者均获得随访,时间8～16个月,平均12个月。所有创面均愈合良好。根据TAM功能评定法评价：优7例,良6例,中1例。结论：清创结合VSD技术能够有效避免伤口感染,促进肉芽组织生成,有利于创面修复。     

手部高压注射伤的诊断和治疗

目的 总结6例手部高压注射伤的诊治体会.方法 分析1997年5月-2007年10月,6例手部高压注射伤的病情特点和治疗效果.6例患者均为男性;受伤部位分别为示指2例,中指2例,拇指1例,手掌1例;注射物质均为油漆;就诊时间为伤后1 h至2 d.所有病例2～24 h给予清创治疗,2例直接闭合创口,3例清创2次,1例清创3次,后4例以逆行掌背动脉或骨间后动脉皮瓣覆盖创面.术后给予系统康复治疗.结果 6例术后随访7个月至6年,均未出现手指坏死.4例皮瓣完全存活,创口愈合时间为术后17～35 d.全部患者术后1～3年内伤指均有冷诱导综合征和指端感觉异常.4例重新回到了工作岗位,平均时间为术后1.7年.术后4年2例伤指及相邻手指掌指和指间关节僵硬,主、被动活动能力下降.结论 手部高压注射伤是一种严重的复杂损伤,此种损伤对手部未来的功能和重返工作有较为明显的影响.应依据伤情的严重程度制定规范性的个性化治疗方案.     

松节油灌注治疗手部高压油漆注射伤

目的探讨松节油灌注治疗手部高压油漆注射伤的疗效。方法1997年7月-2005年6月,我科采用松节油术中、术后灌注治疗手部高压油漆注射伤7例。结果术后随访1～2年,4例指掌色泽正常,基本无瘢痕挛缩,手指功能基本正常;2例指功能受影响;1例经6次灌注后失访。结论松节油灌注冲洗治疗手部高压油漆注射伤是一种有效的治疗方法。     

手部高压注射伤的治疗

目的 报告6例手部高压注射伤的治疗方法与效果。方法 所有伤指(手)均经2或3次清创，清创后的创面均采用手背逆行筋膜蒂皮瓣修复。结果 1998年10月至2001年10月，用该法治疗手部高压注射伤6例，皮瓣全部存活，伤指运动功能良好。结论 2～3次的清创和早期用皮瓣覆盖创面是保存伤指良好运动功能的关键。     

难愈性创面的外科治疗

目的:总结修复难愈性创面的治疗经验.方法:2003年1月～2007年12月,采用不同的修复方法治疗67例难愈性创面,对其临床治疗与随访资料进行分析总结.结果:除2例胫骨凿孔,培养肉芽组织后植皮完全坏死外,板障层移植皮片与短管状骨面植皮片、皮瓣100%成活,伤口Ⅰ期愈合;对于存在数月至数年的糖尿病足、下肢静脉曲张后溃疡的患者,在全身情况维持稳定的同时,应用简易封闭负压治疗技术,创面局部改善后,行皮瓣或皮片移植术,皮瓣、皮片成活良好.经术后2～12月随访,创面愈合良好,功能恢复满意.结论:短管状骨骨髓面或板障层植皮、多种皮瓣以及封闭负压引流技术综合运用可较好治疗难愈性创面.     

下腹部多个真皮下血管网皮瓣在手外伤修复中的应用

目的：应用下腹部多个真皮下血管网皮瓣修复手外伤，方法：在下腹形成以旋髂浅血管为蒂的髂腰部皮瓣及以腹壁浅血管为蒂的下腹部皮瓣，二皮瓣共蒂形成双叶皮瓣，同时将其修薄，形成有轴心血管的真皮下血管网皮瓣，修复两指完全脱套伤。在下腹部形成多个真皮下血管网的任意皮瓣，修复多个指背皮肤缺损伴有肌腱及骨外露的创面。供区如不能直接拉拢缝合，可取断层皮片修复供区创面.结果：本组10例中，8例采用下腹部双叶真皮下血管网轴型皮瓣修复，2例采用下腹部真皮下血管网任意皮瓣修复，术后效果。结论：采用多个真皮下血管网皮瓣修复手外伤的创面，伤指不需并指，去脂，分指，术后外形佳，是目前较理想的修复手外伤的手术方法。     

Primary reattachment of avulsed skin flaps with negative pressure wound therapy in degloving injuries of the lower extremity

Large avulsed skin flaps of the lower extremity caused by degloving injuries eventually develop skin necrosis in most cases. The current treatment option involves excision of the degloved skin and reapplication as a full- or split-thickness skin graft. We considered that reattachment of avulsed skin flaps without excision would be theoretically beneficial, since some circulation may remain around the connected pedicle and thus facilitate graft take. Furthermore, securing the skin to the original anatomic position is much easier using retained landmarks. We treated a total of 12 patients (13 cases) with degloving injuries of the lower extremity. In all cases, the avulsed skin flap was defatted and sewn back to the original position, then negative-pressure wound therapy was applied over those grafts as a bolster for approximately 7 days. Most of the avulsed skin flap took excellently, particularly close to the connected pedicle. Nine cases did not need any additional surgical procedures. Four cases required secondary skin graft for a small area of open wound due to partial necrosis of the defatted skin, as well as the raw surface left by the primary skin defect in the initial operation. Primary reattachment of the avulsed skin flaps without excision is convenient and efficient to cover the open wound over the exposed fascia and periosteum in degloving injuries. This would potentially offer a better alternative to definitive wound closure.     

Reconstructive surgery of roller injuries of the hand.

Eleven patients with roller injuries to the upper extremity are described. Nine were treated initially; two were referred for treatment within 3 weeks after injury. Six patients were injured by kneading machines in bakeries, two by hot dry-cleaning mangles, two by industrial rolling machines, and one by a transmission belt which acted as a roller. The tissue damage depends on (1) the space between the rollers, (2) the speed of the rollers, (3) the hardness of the rollers, (4) the temperature of the rollers, and (5) how violently the patient attempts to withdraw the entrapped part. Lesions may be closed, consisting of a compression of the soft tissues, which may result in skin necrosis, or a tearing and separation of the skin and soft tissues away from the deep fascia (more common on the dorsal surface of the hand), or destruction of skin and deep tissue because of burns. Closed injuries usually respond to conservative care, although decompression sometimes is necessary. Experience gained from treating these 11 patients indicates that the inexperienced surgeon often tries to replace distally based flaps. Such flaps usually die and predispose to deep infection. If the condition of the wound permits, primary skin grafts should be applied; but if the bed is of poor quality, skin grafting can be delayed for several days. If it is necessary to protect exposed deep structures, they should be covered with immediate pedicle flaps. It is better to use skin from an uninjured area for a free skin graft than to use the avulsed skin as a graft. Distant flaps should be used if secondary reconstruction is anticipated. In circumferential skin loss, a combination of pedicle skin and free skin grafts is better than encircling the part with a pedicle flap. The thumb and radial fingers should be preserved, but the ulnar fingers are expendible in severe injuries. By amputating parts of fingers, reconstruction often is simplified.     

Reverse radial forearm fascial flap for soft tissue coverage of hand and forearm wounds

Six patients with severe hand and forearm injuries involving open wounds and exposed structures were treated with reverse radial forearm fascial flaps and split-thickness skin grafts for soft tissue cover. There were five men and one woman aged between 16 and 36 years. Injuries included soft tissue avulsion on the dorsum of the hand and fingers, extensive flexor and extensor tendon damage, multiple phalangeal fractures, a grade IIIB open dislocation of the index to little carpometacarpal joints, a grade III open metacarpal fracture and a finger amputation. The average wound size was 9 cm in length and 7 cm in width. The mean duration of follow-up was 12 months (range, 5-20 months). All flaps healed well, and all patients were satisfied.     

Surgical management of total degloving injuries of the hand

Summary The treatment of degloving injuries of the hand is presented. Older methods are discussed. The only procedures which give good results are a combination of flaps, pedicled of free vascularized, and skin grafts.     

The reverse radial forearm flap for soft tissue reconstruction of the wrist and hand

Soft tissue defects of the upper extremity must be carefully assessed to determine the most appropriate method of coverage. Direct closure and local flaps represent the most basic techniques on the reconstructive ladder; however, they are inadequate for large or complex defects. Split thickness skin grafts are appropriate for granulating wounds with a bed of vascularized tissue; however, if there is an exposed joint or bone devoid of periosteum or tendon devoid of paratenon, there will be insufficient neovascularization, and the graft will inevitably fail. The reconstructive hand surgeon must then pursue more complicated techniques for wound coverage based upon knowledge of the available pedicled and free flaps. The reverse radial forearm flap potentially offers thin, mobile skin with similar characteristics to the skin over the dorsum of the hand. This flap is more versatile than the groin flap and probably more reliable than the posterior interosseous artery flap for coverage of moderate-sized defects of the dorsal or palmar wrist and hand and is specifically indicated for coverage of degloving injuries of the dorsal wrist and hand, after release of thumb-index finger web space, and for coverage of amputations of the thumb in preparation for toe-to-thumb transfer.     

臀部及下肢难愈性创面的整形外科综合治疗

目的:总结臀部及下肢难愈性创面的综合治疗经验。方法:2000年5月～2009年12月,采用简易封闭负压治疗技术、多种皮瓣及皮片移植等整形外科综合治疗方法修复95例臀部及下肢难愈性创面。结果:除1例电烧伤患者截肢,4例截趾外,经1～4次手术其余下肢创面修复后痊愈;对存在数月至数年的下肢慢性创面的患者,应用简易封闭负压治疗技术,创面局部改善后,行皮瓣或皮片移植术,皮瓣、皮片成活良好。术后0.5～2年随访,创面愈合良好,功能恢复满意。结论:加强围手术期治疗,重视整形外科综合技术的应用,臀部及下肢难愈性创面修复可以取得满意的效果。