小儿卵巢未成熟畸胎瘤并腹膜黑变病1例及文献复习

目的：探讨小儿卵巢未成熟畸胎瘤的诊疗特点及腹膜黑变病的病理特征。方法：报告1例小儿卵巢巨大未成熟畸胎瘤并腹膜黑变病,对其临床资料进行分析,并复习相关文献。结果：1例13岁女孩患卵巢巨大未成熟畸胎瘤出现肝区腹膜种植转移时,误为肿瘤肝转移。化疗与手术相结合治疗成功,随访3个月未见复发。腹膜转移灶病理发现腹膜黑变病。结论：小儿卵巢未成熟畸胎瘤具有恶性肿瘤特点,综合治疗,效果好。小儿卵巢未成熟畸胎瘤合并腹膜黑变病极为罕见,其病理特征为腹膜大量充满黑色素的巨噬细胞集聚,治疗方法为手术切除。     

婴幼儿腹膜后巨大畸胎瘤切除术的护理

畸胎瘤是一种先天性疾病，好发部位多在卵巢、腹膜后等。腹膜后畸胎瘤多在婴幼儿时发现。目前，治疗方法仍为手术切除，由于患儿小，手术切除风险大，护理困难多，难度大。良好的护理对患儿术后恢复至关重要。有关护理文献报告较少。我院于1999年6月收治1例婴儿腹膜后巨大畸胎瘤，经手术切除肿瘤1500g，病理诊断证实为：腹膜后畸胎瘤。术后恢复顺利，痊愈出院。现将有关护理内容报告如下。     

婴幼儿腹膜后巨大畸胎瘤切除术的护理

畸胎瘤是一种先天性疾病,好发部位多在卵巢、腹膜后等.腹膜后畸胎瘤多在婴幼儿时发现.目前,治疗方法仍为手术切除,由于患儿小,手术切除风险大,护理困难多,难度大.良好的护理对患儿术后恢复至关重要.有关护理文献报告较少.我院于1999年6月收治1例婴儿腹膜后巨大畸胎瘤,经手术切除肿瘤1 500g,病理诊断证实为:腹膜后畸胎瘤.术后恢复顺利,痊愈出院.现将有关护理内容报告如下.     

男性胃畸胎瘤1例报告并文献复习

目的：探讨男性胃畸胎瘤的诊断治疗.方法：分析我院近来诊治的男性胃畸胎瘤1例临床病理资料并进行文献复习.结果：临床表现为腹部肿块呕吐或血便.结论：男性胃畸胎瘤罕见,易引起误诊.B超,CT,胃镜均有较高的术前诊断价值.确诊有赖于病理检查.治疗为手术切除肿瘤及胃部分切除.     

1例男性罕见巨大后腹膜畸胎瘤切除术的手术配合

畸胎瘤起源于潜在多功能的原始胚胎细胞，囊内有脂质、毛皮、牙齿、骨骼，多为良性，但恶性倾向随年龄增大呈上升趋势。好发于卵巢和睾丸，偶见于腹膜后，女性多于男性，主张早期完整地切除肿瘤，以免发生恶变。2007年12月，本院成功进行了1例男性罕见巨大后腹膜畸胎瘤切除术。手术过程顺利，现将手术配合体会介绍如下。     

卵巢成熟性囊性畸胎瘤合并黏液性交界性肿瘤临床病理观察

目的 探讨卵巢成熟性囊性畸胎瘤合并黏液性交界性肿瘤的临床病理特点、诊断、鉴别诊断及肿瘤发生来源.方法 复习1例卵巢成熟性囊性畸胎瘤合并黏液性交界性肿瘤伴上皮内癌患者的临床资料,行组织学观察和免疫组化分析,并复习相关文献.结果 患者女性,20岁.CT示左侧卵巢巨大、多房、囊实性包块,界限清楚.巨检:肿瘤18.5 cm×17 cm ×7 cm大小,表面光滑,局部破溃,破口处有黏稠的黏液样物流出,切面多房囊实性,囊性部分含黏液样物质,其中一个房内充满皮脂毛发样物;实性部分灰白色,黏滑感.镜检:肠型黏液性上皮细胞呈复层,瘤细胞核大,核分裂象易见,局部腺体共壁或呈筛孔状,间质内未见浸润;其中1个囊腔内衬鳞状上皮,可见毛囊、皮脂腺、汗腺等成分,并可见胃肠型上皮.免疫组化:黏液性上皮CK 7和CK20(+).结论 卵巢成熟性囊性畸胎瘤合并黏液性交界性肿瘤少见,发生上皮内癌变者更为罕见.黏液性交界性肿瘤可能起源于成熟性囊性畸胎瘤的胃肠型上皮成分.     

377例儿童畸胎瘤临床特征及病理结果分析

目的分析儿童成熟性及未成熟性畸胎瘤的临床及病理特征,以提高临床诊治水平。方法收集该院2006年1月至2016年12月收治的畸胎瘤患儿共377例,按照性别、年龄、部位、病理类型、治疗及预后等因素进行回顾性分析。结果患者年龄为2d至14岁,中位年龄27.12个月;男158例,女219例,发病率女性大于男性;成熟性畸胎瘤333例,未成熟性畸胎瘤34例,畸胎瘤合并卵黄囊瘤10例;畸胎瘤恶性变者1例,复发者2例。未成熟性畸胎瘤经随访有24例无瘤存活,5例死亡,5例失访。结论畸胎瘤确诊依靠病理形态学及免疫组织化学,可合并其他生殖细胞肿瘤,未成熟性畸胎瘤应尽早手术完整切除。病理分级在2级及以下患者,经手术完整切除后可以不进行术后化疗,但应密切随访,对于病理分级在3级以上的患者应进行术后化疗,可以改善预后。     

成人臀部体表畸胎瘤1例报告

畸胎瘤是人体胚胎发育过程中多极分化细胞异位发育而来,发生部位多见于胸腔和腹腔.畸胎瘤发生于小儿骶尾部见有报告,成人臀部体表畸胎瘤则较为少见,鲜有报告.本院收治1例成人体表臀部畸胎瘤,报告如下.     

经腹和骶尾部联合手术治疗小儿骶尾部畸胎瘤的效果观察

[目的]探讨经腹和骶尾部联合手术治疗小儿骶尾部畸胎瘤的临床疗效.[方法]回顾性分析2009年1月至2015年1月在本院接受治疗的35例小儿骶尾部畸胎瘤患儿的临床资料,所有患儿均采用经腹和骶尾部联合手术治疗.[结果]29例良性SCT患儿中有5例复发,3例复发者伴有肺部转移,放弃治疗后死亡.6例恶性SCT患儿中有4例术后6个月至2年内由于发生肝、肺等转移,肿瘤复发而死亡,另2例患儿分别于术后1年和2年出现局部复发.术后有5例患儿出现伤口感染的情况;2例皮下积液,发现后立即采用抗生素和局部换药后伤口逐渐愈合;3例患儿术后持续排便困难,经对症治疗后半年均恢复.[结论]小儿骶尾部畸胎瘤应该及早发现,及早治疗,早期骶尾部畸胎瘤治愈率高,经腹和骶尾部联合手术治疗小儿骶尾部畸胎瘤手术视野大,能将病灶完全切除,值得临床推广.     

改良剑突下入路胸腔镜前纵隔畸胎瘤切除术的临床应用分析

目的:探讨改良剑突下入路胸腔镜前纵隔畸胎瘤切除术的临床疗效和安全性。方法:回顾性分析经病理确诊的前纵隔畸胎瘤患者17例,均行改良剑突下入路胸腔镜前纵隔畸胎瘤切除术,观察患者的临床疗效及手术安全性。结果:17例患者均在胸腔镜下顺利完成手术,其中,2例患者合并行心包部分切除术,1例患者合并行右肺楔形切除术。肿瘤标本切除完整,切除肿瘤标本平均直径为(8.4±1.7) cm;手术平均时间为(67.8±17.3) min,术中平均出血量为(48.8±31.6) mL,术后平均引流量为(73.5±11.1) mL,术后平均住院时间为(3.8±1.0) d。所有患者无手术并发症,均顺利出院。结论:改良剑突下入路胸腔镜前纵隔畸胎瘤切除术安全、可靠,患者疗效满意,值得临床推广。     

螺旋CT双期扫描在胰腺癌诊断中的应用

目的为更好地评估螺旋CT双期扫描在胰腺癌诊断中的价值。方法本文回顾性分析了50例经手术和病理证实的胰腺癌病人的螺旋CT双期扫描的CT表现。结果50例胰腺癌通过螺旋CT双期扫描，不仅能显示肿癌的生长部位，还能显示肿癌的大小、形态、密度并能准确的显示肿癌与邻近血管和脏器的关系。结论螺旋CT双期扫描，不仅能提高胰腺癌早期诊断的价值，提高判断胰腺癌侵犯周围血管的准确性，且能较好评估胰腺癌的可切除性。     

造血干细胞移植后巨细胞病毒感染防治进展

造血干细胞移植后的巨细胞病毒感染是移植后最常见的感染并发症之一,引起较高的移植后死亡率。近年来,随着移植后巨细胞病毒感染的预防和抢先治疗措施的应用,巨细胞病毒感染治疗效果与预后都大为改善。本文将着重对移植后巨细胞病毒感染的防治进展综述如下。     

Spontaneous rupture of sacrococcygeal teratoma associated with acute fetal anemia.

Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is the most common congenital tumor, with affected fetuses having a high risk of perinatal complications and death. We report a case of a fetus with an SCT that developed acute anemia due to spontaneous rupture of the tumor in utero. The fetus was referred at 25 weeks' gestation for evaluation of a large solid and cystic mass in the sacral region. There were no signs of hydrops or placentomegaly. At 33 weeks' gestation, loss of variability in the fetal heart rate pattern was recorded. Doppler ultrasonography showed increased middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity, suggesting fetal anemia. Markedly bloody amniotic fluid, with 82% hemoglobin F, was observed on amniocentesis, suggesting rupture of the SCT with active fetal bleeding. An emergency Cesarean section was performed. At delivery, the tumor was bleeding actively and the neonatal hemoglobin concentration was 3.1 g/dL. There were no findings of hemorrhage or necrosis within the tumor. The neonate received a blood transfusion, and surgical resection of the tumor was carried out on the first day after delivery. Postoperatively, the baby did well. We suggest that fetal SCTs run the risk of inducing acute fetal anemia due to intrauterine hemorrhage of the tumor, a finding which could lead to an earlier and more appropriate management of this condition.     

Stem cell transplantation in autoimmune diseases: an update

Immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory treatments are often used in patients with various autoimmune diseases (AID). However, since conventional treatments are rarely curative, alternative treatment methods have been looked for. Based on animal experiments and anecdotal case reports, stem cell transplantation (SCT) has received considerable attention in the treatment of severe autoimmune diseases during the last decade. This review summarizes current experience of SCT in patients this field. Although early experience shows some promise, randomized studies are necessary to evaluate the real value of autologous SCT in various autoimmune diseases. Since autologous SCT may not be curative in patients with AID, also evaluation of allogeneic SCT is important in the future.     

异位胰腺癌的CT表现(附1例报道及文献复习)

目的分析异位胰腺癌的影像学表现。方法搜集了1例经手术及病理资料证实为异位胰腺癌的CT片，复习了近几年来国内外文献报告的异位胰腺癌的所见。结果本例为发生于后腹膜的异位胰腺癌，免疫组化提示肿瘤伴有神经内分泌分化。CT平扫表现为囊实混合密度的肿块，增强后病灶实性成份有明显强化。结论异位胰腺癌术前CT确诊困难。多表现为胃肠道壁内粘膜下或胸、腹腔间隙内的肿块，呈囊实混合密度。增强后，如肿瘤有内分泌分化，其实性成份强化明显，如肿瘤无内分泌分化，则无明显强化。     

Stem cell transplantation in autoimmune diseases: An update

Immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory treatments are often used in patients with various autoimmune diseases (AID). However, since conventional treatments are rarely curative, alternative treatment methods have been looked for. Based on animal experiments and anecdotal case reports, stem cell transplantation (SCT) has received considerable attention in the treatment of severe autoimmune diseases during the last decade. This review summarizes current experience of SCT in patients this field. Although early experience shows some promise, randomized studies are necessary to evaluate the real value of autologous SCT in various autoimmune diseases. Since autologous SCT may not be curative in patients with AID, also evaluation of allogeneic SCT is important in the future.     

表现为甲状腺结节的转移性食管鳞状细胞癌1例临床病理观察

目的 探讨甲状腺转移性鳞状细胞癌的临床特点、组织学特征、诊断及鉴别诊断.方法 回顾性分析1例甲状腺转移性鳞状细胞癌的临床资料、病理学特征及免疫表型,并复习相关文献.结果 甲状腺肿瘤质地硬,镜下由卵圆形、多角形肿瘤细胞组成,胞质丰富,可见核仁,并见多发脉管内癌栓.免疫组化:肿瘤细胞表达CK5/6、p63和p40,不表达T...     

Ceftriaxone‐associated biliary pseudolithiasis in children: do we know enough?

Ceftriaxone is an antibiotic agent frequently used in paediatric hospital practice for the treatment of severe bacterial infections. The use of this agent can result in cholelithiasis and/or biliary sludge, more commonly in children than in adults. This systematic review was aimed at analysing available literature concerning ceftriaxone‐associated biliary pseudolithiasis in paediatric patients, with a special emphasis on the clinical aspects. A literature analysis was performed using Medline and Embase electronic databases (articles published in English up to December 2019), with the search terms and combinations as follows:’ceftriaxone’, ‘cholelithiasis’, ‘biliary sludge’ ‘gallstones’ ‘neonates’ ‘children’ ‘clinical aspects’ ‘management’. Several case reports, case series and prospective/retrospective studies have documented a relationship between ceftriaxone treatment and biliary pseudolithiasis in the paediatric population, even though literature data regarding neonates and infants are scarce. Ceftriaxone‐associated biliary pseudolithiasis is dose‐dependent and usually asymptomatic but, sometimes, it may present with abdominal pain, nausea and emesis. Abdominal ultrasonography should be performed when this complication is suspected. Generally, ceftriaxone‐associated cholelithiasis resolves over a variable period of time (days to months) after cessation of therapy. Therefore, a conservative approach to this condition is advocated, but a prolonged follow‐up may be necessary. A personalized assessment of factors predisposing to ceftriaxone‐associated biliary pseudolithiasis before prescribing the drug can allow to minimize the risk of developing it, with significant advantages in terms of human and economic costs.     

血管瘤样纤维组织细胞瘤临床病理观察

目的探讨血管瘤样纤维组织细胞瘤(AFH)的临床病理特征。方法对1例发生于左肩的血管瘤样纤维组织细胞瘤的临床表现、组织形态、免疫组化等进行分析,并复习相关文献。结果患者男性,19岁。左肩部缓慢生长的无痛性肿块。镜检:瘤细胞为增生的组织细胞样细胞或肌样细胞,可见含铁血黄素颗粒和假血管样腔隙、较厚的纤维性假包膜和周围淋巴细胞浆细胞浸润。免疫组化:vimentin、CD57和CD99均(+),SMA、CD68和结蛋白部分(+),CD21、CD31、CD34、CD117、CKpan、S-100、calponin和synaptophysin均(-)。结论血管瘤样纤维组织细胞瘤是一种罕见的低度恶性中间型肿瘤,临床上易与血肿、血管瘤混淆。其诊断主要靠病理形态学特征,免疫组化标记有助于诊断与鉴别诊断;肿块局部扩大切除,必要时可局部放疗,术后随访尤其重要。     

骨外骨肉瘤1例报告并文献复习

目的探讨骨外骨肉瘤的临床病理特征、病理诊断和鉴别诊断要点。方法对1例罕见的小腿骨外骨肉瘤进行临床和病理组织学观察并复习相关文献。结果病理检查:(1)巨检:瘤体有假包膜,切面灰白,周边区质脆,中央区质地较硬,界限尚清。(2)镜检:肿瘤细胞多形性,核呈卵圆形或不规则形,染色质粗,无明显核仁,核分裂多见;并可见肿瘤细胞产生的不规则点滴状、网格状骨样基质。结论骨外骨肉瘤是一种罕见的软组织高度恶性肿瘤,极易误诊,其诊断主要依靠组织病理学特征,并结合临床表现和影像学检查。