Outcome and treatment quality of transfer primary percutaneous intervention in older patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome and treatment quality of transfer percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in older patients with acute STEMI. In this prospective study all patients with diagnosed acute (pain-to-balloon ≤ 12 h) STEMI transferred to our institution for primary PCI (n = 400) between January 2005 and October 2007 were under investigation. Overall 125 older patients with age ≥70 years were included (mean age 77.5 ± 4.9 years; 77 males). Pre-hospital delays were more common in older patients with longer pain-to-balloon: median (range) = 85 (5-629) vs. 66 (1-688) p = 0.031, and pain-to-first medical-contact-times: median: 206 (84-711) vs. 172 (45-720); p = 0.001. A trend towards a higher (non-significant) rate of major 5/125 (5%) vs. 5/275 (1.8%), p = 0.195 and minor 10/125 (8%) vs. 14/275 (5.1%). p = 0.256 bleeding complications in older patients was evident. In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in older patients compared to the younger patients group: 13/125, 10.4% vs. 8/275, 2.9%, p = 0.002). Overall mortality at 30-day follow-up was 11.2% in older and 3.3% in younger patients: 14/125 vs. 9/275, p = 0.002. Transfer PCI is an effective treatment strategy for older patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Overall-30-day mortality in older STEMI-patients transferred for primary PCI is comparably low.     

Coronary thrombus in patients undergoing primary PCI for STEMI:Prognostic significance and management

Acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI) usually results from coronary atherosclerotic plaque disruption with superimposed thrombus formation. Detection of coronary thrombi is a poor prognostic indicator,which is mostly proportional to their size and composition. Particularly,intracoronary thrombi impair both epicardial blood flow and myocardial perfusion,by occluding major coronary arteries and causing distal embolization,respectively. Thus,although primary percutaneous coronary intervention is the preferred treatement strategy in STEMI setting,the associated use of adjunctive antithrombotic drugs and/or percutaneous thrombectomy is crucial to optimize therapy of STEMI patients,by improving either angiographical and clinical outcomes. This review article will focus on the prognostic significance of intracoronary thrombi and on current antithrombotic pharmacological and interventional strategies used inthe setting of STEMI to manage thrombotic lesions.     

盐酸替罗非班在ST段抬高急性心肌梗死急诊PCI中的安全性分析

目的:评价GPⅡb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂盐酸替罗非班(商品名欣维宁)在ST段抬高急性心肌梗死(STEMI)急诊经皮冠状动脉腔内介入术(PCI)治疗中的安全性。方法:65例急诊入院STEMI行急诊PCI患者,分为试验组(盐酸替罗非班+PCI)36例和对照组(直接PCI29例)。观察2组住院期间主要心血管事件(MACE)包括死亡、新近心肌梗死和顽固缺血状态、术后左心室射血分数(LVEF)、压迫止血时间及不良反应(出血、血小板减少)。结果:住院期间主要心血管事件(majoradversecardiovascularevents,MACE)发生率,试验组低于对照组(5.6%比13.7%);术后LVEF(59.42±8.06比52.65±5.20)高于对照组;2组均未发生严重出血并发症(包括大量出血和颅内出血等),出血事件发生率试验组较对照组有增多的趋势(11.1%比3.4%),试验组部分凝血活酶时间(activatedpar_tialthromboplastintime,APTT)较对照组延长(58.15±11.86比33.78±11.28),(P<0.05);压迫止血时间明显延长(37.25±6.34比20.12±5.55),(P<0.05),但未增加穿刺点出血和血肿。结论:血小板GPⅡb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂盐酸替罗非班联合PCI可能成为STEMI患者急诊PCI安全和有效的再灌注手段。     

Prophylactically injection of Nicorandil to reduce no-reflow phenomenon during PCI in acute STEMI patients: Protocol of a double-blinded,randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Introduction:An acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a very serious type of heart attack and a profoundly life-threatening medical emergency, and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the preferred strategy. However, in patients undergoing primary PCI, 30% to 40% may suffer the no-reflow phenomenon (NRP), and it could expand the myocardial infarction area and accompanied with high rehospitalization rate and fatality rate. In this study, we try to conduct a double blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to observe whether the prophylactically intracoronary administration of Nicorandil could reduce the occurrence of NRP in STEMI patients undergoing PCI.Methods:Simple randomization in a 1:1 ratio will be made in blocks of variable size according to a random numbers generated by Excel 2010 to divide the patients to treatment group (Nicorandil) and control group (Saline). The outcomes are the occurrence of NRP, levels of interleukin-6 and HS-CRP, cTnT, and CK-MB before, and every 4 hours following PCI, and major adverse cardiovascular events at day 30. SPSS 23.0 (IBM, Chicago, IL) will be used, and P-value < .05 will be considered statistically significant.Conclusions:The findings will determine the efficacy of prophylactically intracoronary administration of Nicorandil to reduce the occurrence of NRP during PCI in acute STEMI patients.Trial registration:OSF Registration number: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/QPF3V     

碎裂QRS波与急性心肌梗死血管再通的研究

目的通过观察急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死行急性血管再通及未行血管再通治疗的心电图碎裂QRS波(Fragmented QRS complex,fQ RS)变化,探讨fQ RS评估急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死血管再通的临床价值。方法观察急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死行急诊溶栓、行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous transluminal coronary intervention,PCI)血管再通患者、未行急诊血管再通治疗患者心电图fQ RS发生率。结果 STEMI溶栓后冠脉血管再通组fQ RS波发生率明显低于未通组(p0.01);STEMI行急诊PCI后fQ RS波发生率明显低于未行急诊PCI组(p0.01);STEMI行急诊PCI术前组与术后组fQ RS发生率比较无明显差异(p0.05)。结论碎裂QRS波对评估急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死冠脉血管再通具有重要临床价值。     

In-hospital outcome of primary PCI for patients with acute myocardial infarction and prior coronary artery bypass grafting

BackgroundThis study aims to analyze the in-hospital outcome of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and prior coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).MethodsThis was a retrospective study. From January 2011 to December 2018, the data of 78 consecutive patients (study group) with prior CABG, who received primary coronary angiography in the setting of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), were screened. The study group was compared with another well-matched 78 patients without a history of CABG (control group). The information of the coronary angiograms and clinical data of both groups were analyzed. Multivariate conditional logistic regression models were constructed to test the association between PCI success rate and the prior CABG at age ≥65 and <65 years, respectively.ResultsThe results revealed that the primary PCI success rate in the study group was significantly lower than in the control group (67.9% vs. 92.3%, P<0.001) and in-hospital mortality was significantly higher than in control group (11.5% vs. 2.5%, P=0.03). The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the primary PCI success rate was significantly associated with the history of prior CABG both in young patients [age <65 years; odds ratio (OR) =5.26, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.69–16.47] and elderly (age ≥65 years; OR =13.76, 95% CI: 2.72–69.75).ConclusionsThe patients who receive primary PCI with AMI and prior CABG have poor in-hospital outcomes, with low PCI success rates and high mortality.     

A Nomogram model for predicting the occurrence of no-reflow phenomenon after percutaneous coronary intervention using the lncRNA TUG1/miR-30e/NPPB biomarkers

BackgroundStudies have shown that percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is considered as the essential therapeutic strategy for the patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However; no-reflow could still occur in a few patients after PCI. Studies have reported that biomarkers related to no-reflow pathogenetic components could play a prognostic role in the prediction phenomenon. Hence, this study explored the establishment of nomogram model for predicting the occurrence of no-reflow phenomenon after PCI using the lncRNA TUG1/miR-30e/NPPB biomarkers in patients with STEMI after PCI.MethodsIn this observational study, a total of 76 STEMI patients who underwent emergency PCI between January 2018 and December 2021were included. The patients after PCI, were divided into reflow (n=44) and no-reflow groups (n=32). The demographic, environmental and clinical risk factors were assessed and analysed between the groups. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect TUG1, miR-30e, and NPPB messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels in the plasma of patients after PCI. Bioinformatic methods were used to predict the interaction of the plasma TUG1/miR-30e/NPPB axis. The risk factors in the no-reflow group were screened using a logistic-regression analysis, and a nomogram prediction model was constructed and validated. Subsequently, a gene set enrichment analysis revealed the function of lncRNA TUG1.ResultsPlasma lncRNA TUG1 and NPPB were more highly expressed and miR-30e was more lowly expressed in the no-reflow group than the normal-reflow group (P<0.001). A negative correlation was observed between lncRNA TUG1 and miR-30e, and between miR-30e and NPPB. However, a positive correlation was observed between lncRNA TUG1 and NPPB mRNA. The bioinformatics analysis predicted multiple binding sites on the lncRNA TUG1 and miR-30e. LncRNA TUG1 [odds ratio (OR): 0.163, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.021–0.944] and hs-CRP (OR: 2.151, 95% CI: 1.536–3.974) found to be as independent predictors. The C-index of this prediction model was 0.982 (95% CI: 0.956–1.000).ConclusionsTUG1 could function as an effective biomarker for no-reflow among patients with STEMI after PCT and the proposed nomogram may provide information for individualized treatment in patients with STEMI.     

Improvement in door-to-balloon times in management of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction STEMI through the initiation of 'Code AMI'

Background: ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) mandates rapid percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for optimal outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess our hospital practice for managing acute STEMI, identify processes associated with time delays, instrument changes to our acute STEMI management protocol and assess their effectiveness for improving our door‐to‐balloon time. Methods: We aimed to achieve this through the establishment of a quality improvement programme involving the cardiology and emergency departments. We analysed consecutive patients presenting with STEMI (April to September 2005 (group A) and the corresponding period in 2006 (group B), and compared patients presenting ‘in hours’ (0700 hours to 1800 hours (Monday to Friday)) versus ‘out of hours’ (all other times including public holidays). Results: In group A, 38 patients presented with a STEMI. Assessing time‐to‐treatment analysis, the median door to balloon time for primary PCI was significantly greater for ‘out of hours’ than ‘in hours’ (120 vs 67 min). The greatest time delay to PCI was from the PCI decision time to catheter laboratory arrival. Local changes were implemented to improve ‘out of hours’ times, including initiation of ‘Code AMI’. There were 59 patients in group B. We found that our changes led to a 29% improvement in ‘out of hours’ door‐to‐balloon time (median time 82 min, P = 0.005) with 69% being managed ≤90 min (P = 0.049) (group B). Conclusion: We have shown that ongoing review through a quality improvement programme improves door‐to‐balloon times, which is integral in the optimal management of patients with acute STEMI treated with primary PCI.     

Characteristics and survival to discharge of patients with STEMI between a PPCI-capable hospital and a non-PPCI hospital: A prospective observational study

Abstract

Introduction: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is a key therapeutic method in the treatment of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We studied the characteristics and survival to discharge in STEMI patients who presented in a PPCI-capable hospital and a non-PPCI hospital.

Patients and Methods: This prospective observational study included 240 consecutive patients. One basic questionnaire was distributed along with an explanatory letter to the participants, who were followed until discharge from the hospital or death.

Results: Of the 240 patients, 234 (97.5%) survived to hospital discharge. Only 6 (5%) patients who were initially presented to a non-PPCI hospital died after inter-facility transfer. Also, 36 (92.3%) of the 39 patients with an intervening time of over 90 min were admitted initially in a non-PPCI hospital. Although there was a statistically significant correlation between the type of the hospital and the delay from the onset of symptoms to PPCI (P = 0.001), such correlation was not found between the delay PPCI and the outcome of the patients (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: Patients with STEMI may be transferred to a non-PPCI hospital due to the lack of prehospital triage. However, prompt inter-facility transfer results in good outcome.     

提前使用替罗非班在急性STEMI直接PCI中的疗效及安全性研究

目的:探讨提前使用替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)直接冠状动脉介入治疗术(PCI)近期预后的影响。方法:选择我院2008-01-2010-12期间收治的急性STEMI患者共185例,根据使用替罗非班的时机将患者分为早期使用组(G1组,来院临床诊断后即刻给药)及延迟使用组(G2组,PCI术中或术后即刻给药)2组,分析2组患者的基本情况、临床资料及住院期间心脏事件及出血事件。结果:2组患者基线情况及实验室检查比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。G1组使用替罗非班时间较G2组平均提前(2.7±0.52)h。G1组与G2组患者相比,肌酸激酶、肌酸激酶同工酶峰值明显下降[分别为(1 750±1 231)U/L与(3 256±2 430)U/L,(162±124)U/L与(360±189)U/L,P<0.05];术中慢血流/无再流明显减少(19.1%与31.9%,P<0.05);术后校正的TIMI帧数明显减少[(23.8±4.2)帧与(34.7±7.3)帧,P<0.05];2周内左室射血分数明显增加[(54.2±6.8)%与(45.3±7.1)%,P<0.05];术后TIMI 3级比例明显增加(93...     

Application of intra-aortic balloon pumping on no-reflow phenomenon in primary PCI for STEMI

background To investigate the effect of intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) on no-reflow phenomenon in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). Methods Clinical data of 22 acute myocardial infarction patients after PCI with angiographic no-reflow phenomenon were retrospectively analyzed between January 2006 and December 2009.12 patients underwent IABP, other 10 patients as control group. We observed difference of cardiac structure, brain natriuretic pe...     

Update on primary PCI for patients with STEMI

Primary PCI is the dominant reperfusion strategy for patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction and continues to evolve. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent reports that focused on the relationship of door-to-balloon time with mortality, radial versus femoral artery access, aspiration thrombectomy, culprit versus multivessel primary PCI, drug-eluting stents, and anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapies.     

The impact of unsuccessful percutaneous coronary intervention on short‐ and long‐term prognosis in STEMI and NSTEMI

Objectives: To compare the impact of the efficacy of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on prognosis in ST and non‐ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI and NSTEMI) patients with respect to infarct‐related artery (IRA). Background: The significance of the efficacy of PCI in STEMI and NSTEMI depending on the type of IRA has yet to be clarified. Methods: Study population consisted of 2,179 STEMI and 554 NSTEMI consecutive patients treated with urgent PCI. The efficacy of PCI (TIMI [thrombolysis in myocardial infarction] 3 vs. TIMI < 3) was assessed with regard to the type of IRA (left anterior descending artery, circumflex artery [Cx] or right coronary artery). The mean follow‐up was 37.5 months. Results: The rate of unsuccessful PCI was similar in STEMI and NSTEMI irrespectively of IRA (14.1 vs. 17.7%; P = 0.062). In STEMI, unsuccessful PCI was associated with significantly higher early (23.1 vs. 5.6%; P < 0.001) and late (29.9 vs. 12.8%; P < 0.001) mortality regardless of IRA. In NSTEMI, the inefficacious PCI significantly increased early (19.0% vs. 0.9%; P < 0.001) and late (27.3% vs. 6.3%; P < 0.001) mortality only in patients with Cx‐related infarction. Unsuccessful PCI of IRA was an independent risk factor for death in STEMI (HR 1.64; P < 0.05), but not in NSTEMI (P = 0.64). Further analysis showed that whilst unsuccessful PCI of any vessel in STEMI is an independent risk factor for death, in NSTEMI this applies to unsuccessful PCI of Cx only. Conclusions: The significance of unsuccessful PCI of IRA seems to be different in STEMI and NSTEMI. Unsuccessful PCI is an independent risk factor for death in STEMI regardless of IRA and in NSTEMI with the involvement of Cx. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

直接和补救经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术的疗效和费用效果比

目的　比较直接经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术 (直接PCI)和补救PCI治疗急性心肌梗死 (AMI)的疗效和费用效果比。　方法　采用观察性对列研究的方法。连续选取 2 0 0 0年 1月 1日 2 0 0 1年 12月 31日天津医科大学第二医院心脏科直接PCI治疗的AMI患者 5 9例以及补救PCI治疗的患者 2 9例。比较两组患者住院期及随访期的临床疗效、费用及费用效果比。　结果　两组患者基线资料完全匹配。冠脉造影显示血管的情况无差别。虽然从入院到血管再通时间补救PCI组长于直接PCI组 (2 19 4 7min± 10 3 5 9min比 116 0 5min± 5 4 4 6min) (P =0 0 0 0 ) ,但PCI术成功率两组间无统计学差别。住院期间心衰、心绞痛、再发心梗、出血等的发生率 ,病死率 ,监护日及住院日均无统计学差异。随访期累计心衰的发生率直接PCI组为 13 6 0 % ,补救PCI组为 31 0 0 % (P =0 0 5 0 ) ;再发心梗、再入院、再次冠脉介入或搭桥手术的发生率及总病死率两组无统计学差异。住院费用和总费用 ,补救PCI组高于直接PCI组 ;心功能获益的费用效果比 ,直接PCI组优于补救PCI组。　结论　补救PCI与直接PCI相比 ,手术同样安全有效。但是 ,慢性期心衰的发生率补救PCI高于直接PCI,费用也高于直接PCI。费用效果比 ,直接PCI优于补救PCI。     

冠脉内注射盐酸替罗非班在急性STEMI急诊PCI中应用的有效性及安全性

目的评价冠脉内注射血小板膜糖蛋白（GP）Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂盐酸替罗非班在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）急诊经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）治疗中的安全性及有效性。方法我院急性STEMI冠脉造影（CAG）显示梗死相关血管（IRA）有血栓征象的患者67例,分成试药组（PCI前冠脉内注射盐酸替罗非班+PCI,n=35）与对照组（直接PCI,n=32）,对比2组患者PCI术中IRA远端TIMI血流,术后左室射血分数（LVEF）,住院期间的主要不良心血管事件（MACE）及出血情况。结果试药组术中无再流及再灌注心律失常的发生率明显低于对照组（3%vs19%;3%vs16%,P<0.05）;试药组术后LVEF明显高于对照组[（57±5）%vs（51±10）%,P<0.05];住院期间MACE发生率试药组低于对照组（3%vs9%）,两组均未发生严重出血并发症。结论急诊PCI前冠脉内缓慢注射盐酸替罗非班对急性STEMI患者行急诊PCI安全有效。     

Residual SYNTAX score can predict short- and long-term outcomes in patients with STEMI

ObjectivesThe prognostic value of residual SYNTAX score (rSS) has been observed in different patient groups. However, its prognostic value has not been compared in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).MethodsA total of 208 patients meeting the eligibility criteria were included in the study. Complete revascularisation (CR) was defined as rSS = 0 and incomplete revascularisation (IR) was defined as rSS ≥ 1.ResultsAmong the sample, 78 patients (33.3%) were included in the CR group and 130 patients (67.7%) in the IR group. One patient (1.3%) in the CR group and 8 patients (6.2%) in the IR group died by day 30 (P < 0.01). The incidence of stent thrombosis, recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) and target lesion revascularisation (TLR) was similar between the two groups. During follow-up (mean 28.8 ± 7.1 months), 2 patients (2.6%) from the CR group and 10 (7.7%) patients from the IR group died (P > 0.05). The incidence of recurrent MI (18.5% vs. 7.7%; P < 0.01) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (24.6% vs. 7.7%; P < 0.01) were significantly higher in the IR group.ConclusionrSS, which is an indirect marker of incomplete revascularisation, was independently correlated with recurrent MI and MACE after STEMI.