Parameter configuration of the electrical spark discharge method for preparing graphene copper nanocomposite colloids and the analysis of product characteristics

The electrical spark discharge method was used to prepare graphene copper nanocomposite (GNS-Cu) colloids under normal temperature and pressure. Cu and graphite were mixed in deionized water at a Cu : C mass ratio of 9 : 1 (99% purity), and the mixture was used to produce composite rods as the electrodes for spark machining. An electrical discharge machine with five settings of pulse cycle turn-on and turn-off times, namely 10–10, 30–30, 50–50, 70–70, and 90–90 μs, was used to prepare five different types of GNS-Cu colloids. The ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy results revealed that the highest absorbance (2.441) was observed when the turn-on and turn-off times were 30–30 μs, indicating that this configuration was most efficient for preparing GNS-Cu colloids. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis were also conducted to examine the surface characteristics and crystal structure of GNS-Cu colloids. The transmission electron microscopy results revealed that Cu particles in the GNS-Cu colloids were located within or on top of graphene sheets. The Cu particle size varied with the discharge efficiency, and the lattice spacing of the Cu particles was approximately 0.218 nm. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that no byproducts were formed from the preparation of GNS-Cu colloids, which had complete crystal structures.

The ESDM is used to prepare graphene copper nanocomposite (GNS-Cu) colloids under normal temperature and pressure.     

聚维酮碘特性及其制剂研究进展

聚维酮碘(PVP-I)是碘与1-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮均聚物的络合物,是碘伏的一种.PVP-I是一种优秀的皮肤消毒剂,已被2000年版中国药典收录.PVP-I具有许多优良的特性,其克服了游离碘难溶于水、不稳定、对皮肤刺激性大、着色不易褪色等缺点,保留了碘的良好杀菌性能;碘伏扩展了碘的使用范围,在国内外医院消毒中得到广泛的应用.     

先天性直肠肛门畸形患儿出院准备计划与家庭康复护理的效果分析

[目的]探讨出院准备计划与家庭康复护理在先天性直肠肛门畸形患儿中的应用效果。[方法]选取48例先天性直肠肛门畸形患儿随机分为观察组和对照组各24例,对照组实施常规护理及出院后的电话随访,观察组在常规护理的基础上实施出院准备计划与家庭康复护理,比较两组患儿家长的焦虑自评量表得分,并比较患儿出院6个月并发症发生率及再住院率。[结果]出院后6个月后,观察组患儿家长的焦虑量表得分、患儿并发症发生率和患儿再住院率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]出院准备计划及出院后持续家庭康复护理能有效改善先天性直肠肛门畸形患儿家长的焦虑心理,降低患儿并发症发生率和再住院率。     

精神分裂症患者出院准备度影响因素及现状

精神分裂症患病率与发病率连年增加,给社会、家庭、医疗机构带来较大负担。较好的出院准备有利于提高其居家康复水平,增强其社会生活自我效能,降低再入院率。本文从出院准备度概念、精神分裂症患者出院准备度评估工具、现状、影响因素及干预方面进行综述,为精神科医护相关研究提供新思路。     

运用医疗失效模式与效应分析提升结肠镜检查前肠道准备质量

目的探讨基于医疗失效模式与效应分析(HFMEA)的标准化体系在提升结肠镜检查前肠道准备质量中的应用效果。方法运用医疗失效模式与效应分析(HFMEA)建立肠道准备标准化体系,规范护理流程。评估HFMEA模式实施前后患者肠道准备质量。结果运用HFMEA模式建立肠道准备标准化体系后,入院评估漏评率从36.83%下降到5.66%(P<0.01),肠道准备过程中不规范率从42.93%下降到10.18%(P<0.01),波士顿肠道评分量表(BBPS)评分错误率从26.42%下降到2.64%(P<0.01),肠道准备失败率从42.52%下降到14.86%(P<0.01)。结论运用HFMEA模式建立的结肠镜检查前肠道准备标准体系,能有效提升患者肠道准备质量。     

Application of a programmable dual-channel adaptive electrical stimulation system for the control and analysis of gait.

A dual-channel electrical stimulation system with a stimulator and a programmer/stride analyzer was designed for clinical rehabilitation of gait and for subsequent daily use as an orthotic aid. The stimulator, with controls to adjust amplitude only (50 mA), adapts chosen stimulation sequences to the walking rate of a patient. Pulse duration (50-500 microseconds), frequency (5-120 Hz), shape (symmetrical biphasic, monophasic), stimulation sequences (16 stride segments) and their cycle (2-12 sec), and right/left foot-switch choices are selected for each patient and programmed into a separate unit. The programming unit also statistically processes the foot-switch data collected by the stimulator. The device was evaluated with regard to the programmable parameters, effectiveness during gait, and feasibility in clinical use. It was applied to 11 stroke patients and 10 brain injury patients during gait, stimulating 22 combinations of peroneal nerve and hamstring, quadriceps, triceps brachii, and gluteus maximus muscles. Forces on both feet, equinovarus, knee extension and hyperextension, elbow flexion, and hip extension were corrected. Selection of the stimulation sequences, their adaptation, range of pulse duration, and valid statistics were verified. Improved forces and joint angles were recorded together with significant changes in the stride time, length, and velocity by the stimulation.     

患者出院准备度评估工具及影响因素的研究进展

文章对出院准备度评估工具及其影响因素进行了综述,出院准备度评估分为患者自评、照顾者评估和护士评估.患者出院准备度受一般人口学资料、疾病相关因素、出院指导质量、社会支持程度以及患者应对方式等因素影响.     

Improving nursing satisfaction and quality through the creation of admission and discharge nurse team

The admission and discharge (AD) process involves a significant amount of nursing time. The organization explored the use of an AD nurse team on the basis on recommendations from the organization's aging nurse workforce and in an effort to provide bedside nurses more time in direct patient care. A pre-post design was used to evaluate the intervention. Postimplementation patient and nurse satisfaction and the quality of the AD process significantly improved. Findings support the use of an AD team as a method to improve patient and nurse satisfaction and nursing documentation and promote retention of older nurses.     

A method for the isolation and preparation of surfactant from tracheobronchial aspirates in infants and children for quantitative and pulsating bubble analysis

A method is presented for the investigation of surfactant function after isolation and preparation of pulmonary surfactant from tracheobronchial aspirates of mechanically ventilated infants and children. This method involved purification of surfactant from contaminating non-surfactant phospholipids and mucus by sodium bromide density gradient centrifugation. The surfactant concentration in undiluted fluids (3.5±0.8mgmL⁻¹; mean±SD) was calculated by extrapolating from the urea concentration in aspirates and serum. Phospholipid concentration was adjusted to approximately 3mgmL⁻¹ and the surface activity was determined by means of a pulsating bubble surfactometer. Mean minimal and maximal tension values of all cycles were calculated after reaching steady state. Measurements obtained from surfactant isolated with this method showed a high reproducibility: the coefficient of variation for minimal surface tension was 6.1%. Therefore this method enables functional surfactant analysis in tracheobronchial aspirates.     

Right hemisphere control of visuospatial attention: line-bisection judgments evaluated with high-density electrical mapping and source analysis

The "line-bisection" task has proven an especially useful clinical tool for assessment of spatial neglect syndrome in neurological patients. Here, we investigated the neural processes involved in performing this task by recording high-density event-related potentials from 128 scalp electrodes in normal observers. We characterized a robust net negative potential from 170-400 ms poststimulus presentation that correlates with line-bisection judgments. Topographic mapping shows three distinct phases to this negativity. The first phase (approximately 170-190 ms) has a scalp distribution exclusively over the right parieto-occipital and lateral occipital scalp, consistent with generators in the region of the right temporo-parietal junction and right lateral occipital cortices. The second phase (approximately 190-240 ms) sees the emergence of a second negative focus over the right central parietal scalp, consistent with subsequent involvement of right superior parietal cortices. In the third phase (approximately 240-400 ms), the topography becomes dominated by this right central parietal negativity. Inverse source modeling confirmed that right hemisphere lateral occipital, inferior parietal, and superior parietal regions were the likeliest generators of the bulk of the activity associated with this effect. The line stimuli were also presented at three contrast levels (3, 25, and 100%) in order to manipulate both the latency of stimulus processing and the relative contributions from magnocellular and parvocellular inputs. Through this manipulation, we show that the line-bisection effect systematically tracks/follows the latency of the N1 component, which is considered a temporal marker for object processing in the ventral visual stream. This pattern of effects suggests that this task invokes an allocentric (object-based) form of visuospatial attention. Further, at 3% contrast, the line-bisection effect was equivalent to the effects seen at higher contrast levels, suggesting that parvocellular inputs are not necessary for successful performance of this task.     

Arsenic trioxide, arsenic pentoxide, and arsenic iodide inhibit human keratinocyte proliferation through the induction of apoptosis

Arsenic compounds have been traditionally used to treat a variety of ailments, including skin diseases. Our previous study identified the extract of realgar to possess potent antiproliferative action on HaCaT cells. The present study aimed at evaluating whether several inorganic arsenics found in realgar also possess similar antiproliferative properties. The results showed that arsenic trioxide, arsenic pentoxide, and arsenic iodide had significant antiproliferative action on HaCaT cells, with IC(50) values at 2.4, 16, and 6.8 microM, respectively. However, these compounds only modestly inhibited the growth of Hs-68 cells, a normal human skin fibroblast cell line, with IC(50) values at 43.4, 223, and 89 microM, respectively, conferring a favorable toxicity profile. In mechanistic studies, all three compounds caused DNA fragmentation as demonstrated by gel electrophoresis and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick-end labeling method. Morphologically, nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation were observed when the cells were exposed to arsenic compounds. Cell cycle analysis with propidium iodide (PI) staining demonstrated the appearance of sub-G(1) peak and cell arrest at the G(1) phase in the presence of these compounds. Quantitative analysis by annexin V-PI staining revealed that the arsenic-induced apoptotic event was dose-dependent. Moreover, the arsenic compounds were able to activate caspase-3 expression when examined by Western blot analysis. Our experimental data unambiguously demonstrated that induction of cellular apoptosis was mainly responsible for the observed antiproliferation brought about by the arsenic compounds on HaCaT keratinocytes, suggesting that these arsenic compounds are putative agents from which psoriasis-treating topical formulae could be developed.     

光学法与电阻抗法血小板计数差异及仪器报警信息分析

目的：以手工显微镜计数法为参考,比较光学法与电阻抗法计数血小板的差异,并对仪器报警信息进行分析。方法应用SysmexXE‐2100全自动血液分析仪,同时采用光学法、电阻抗法检测468例患者的血小板计数（PLT‐O、PLT‐I）,并与手工显微镜计数法检测的血小板计数（PLT‐M）进行比较,同时镜检观察红细胞与血小板的数量及形态,并记录仪器的红细胞和血小板的报警信息。结果非血液病组中,PLT‐M、PLT‐I、PLT‐O差异无统计学意义（P＝0．071）。血液病组中,PLT‐I与PLT‐M、PLT‐O差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,PLT‐M与PLT‐O差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。血液病组仪器出现血小板报警信息者149例,出现红细胞报警信息者127例,与镜检结果较符合。结论当血小板计数低于正常参考范围内时,PLT‐I计数误差较大,需PLT‐M和PLT‐O方法复检或校正;当出现血小板或红细胞报警信息时,均需涂片复检。     

Cu oxidation kinetics through graphene and its effect on the electrical properties of graphene

The oxidation kinetics of Cu through graphene were evaluated from the surface coverage of Cu oxide (F_ox) by varying the oxidation time (t_ox = 10–360 min) and temperature (T_ox = 180–240 °C) under an air environment. F_ox, as a function of time, well followed the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov equation; thus, the activation energy of Cu oxidation was estimated as 1.5 eV. Transmission electron microscopy studies revealed that Cu₂O formed on the top of the graphene at grain boundaries (G-GBs), indicating that Cu₂O growth was governed by the out-diffusion of Cu through G-GBs. Further, the effect of Cu oxidation on graphene quality was investigated by measuring the electrical properties of graphene after transferring. The variation of the sheet resistance (R_s) as a function of t_ox at all T_ox was converted into one curve as a function of F_ox. R_s of 250 Ω sq⁻¹ was constant, similar to that of as-grown graphene up to F_ox = 15%, and then increased with F_ox. The Hall measurement revealed that the carrier concentration remained constant in the entire range of F_ox, and R_s was solely related to the decrease in the Hall mobility. The variation in Hall mobility was examined according to the graphene percolation probability model, simulating electrical conduction on G-GBs during Cu₂O evolution. This model well explains the constant Hall mobility within F_ox = 15% and drastic F_ox degradation of 15–50% by the concept that the electrical conduction of graphene is disconnected by Cu₂O formation along with the G-GBs. Therefore, we systematically developed the oxidation kinetics of Cu through graphene and simultaneously examined the changes in the electrical properties of graphene.

The oxidation kinetics of Cu through graphene were evaluated from the surface coverage of Cu oxide (F_ox) by varying the oxidation time (t_ox = 10–360 min) and temperature (T_ox = 180–240 °C) under an air environment.     

Effect of platinum electrode materials and electrolysis processes on the preparation of acidic electrolyzed oxidizing water and slightly acidic electrolyzed water

Electrolyzed oxidizing water (EOW) can be divided into acidic electrolyzed oxidizing water (AEOW) and slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW). AEOW has the characteristics of low pH (pH < 2.7) and high oxidation–reduction potential (ORP > 1100 mV). SAEW is slightly acidic (pH = 5–6) and has an ORP of 700–900 mV. AEOW and SAEW both have a certain amount of active chlorine content (ACC), so they have the characteristics of broad spectrum, rapidity and high efficiency of sterilization. At present, there is little systematic research on AEOW and SAEW preparation. However, it is very important to study the preparation process, including electrode material and electrolytic process. First, the effects of Pt electrodes with different thermal decomposition temperatures on AEOW''s pH, ORP and ACC values were investigated in detail. Next, for the SAEW preparation, the process is based on the preparation of AEOW by ion-exchange membrane electrolysis, reasonably mixing the electrolyzed cathode and anode solution. The effects of technological conditions such as electrolysis time, current density and electrolyte concentration have been systematically studied, and it is expected to get SAEW with a pH value slightly less than 7, a higher ORP value and a certain amount of ACC.

The effects of platinum electrode materials and electrolysis processes on the preparation of AEOW and SAEW have been systematically studied.