The Value of p63 and CK5/6 Expression in the Differential Diagnosis of Ductal Lesions of Breast

Differentiation between benign and malignant lesions has always a problem in the pathological diagnosis. Presence of myoepithelial cells (MECs) is an vital indi- cator for existence of cancer or invasion[1, 2]. Although these histological and morphological features have been well-depicted, it is still difficult to determine the pres- ence of MECs in breast lesions and to evaluate the nature of a lesion by routine HE staining under light microscope. So it is of importance to find useful mark…     

Atherosclerosis, vascular aging and therapeutic strategies

<正>With the arrival of the era of global population aging,we strive for healthy aging and a healthy senior life rattier than simple prolongation of the physical age.For the past 50 years,cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have been the most common cause of death among the elderly people globally.In China,there has been an exponential increase in the incidence of heart disease and stroke in the elderly population.Atherosclerosis is the pathological change in the coronary artery disease,stroke,and peripheral vascular disease.Despite the significant benefit demonstrated,control of classic risk factors alone,such as lifestyle change or drug therapy, was shown to have limitations in reducing the incidence of cardiovascular events.Vascular aging has been shown to be an important independent predictor of CVD events.Interventions targeting vascular aging have emerged as a new paradigm in conjunction with control of risk factors for the prevention of CVD.Vascular aging and atherosclerosis are two distinct pathological changes and difficult to distinguish clinically.Recent research with Chinese medicine(CM) has shown encouraging observations,linking the clinical benefit of delaying vascular aging and treating atherosclerosis.These results demonstrate great potential of CM in the prevention and treatment of CVD.     

Homoharringtonine in combination with cytarabine and aclarubicin as induction therapy improves remission and survival of patients with higher risk myelodysplastic syndromes

Myelodysplastic syndromes （MDS） are a heterogeneous group of clonal disorderscharacterized by ineffective hematopoiesis; they manifest clinically as anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia.1＇2 Higher risk MDS include patients in the intermediate-2 and high-risk categories of the International Prognostic Scoring System （IPSS）, as well as patients with MDS secondary to radiation or chemical exposure.3 The patients with higher risk MDS have a peculiar propensity to evolve into acute myeloid leukemia （AML）, and have a median survival of 〈12 months.4 Management of higher risk MDS varies from supportive care with transfusions or hematopoietic cytokines to high-intensity3 chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The impact of intensive myelosuppressive chemotherapy, similar to AML induction therapy, has been investigated. The results are comparable to the reported outcome of patients with AML, i.e. complete remission （CR） rates of 40%-60% and median overall survival （OS） of 8-12 months,s Thus, innovative approaches are needed for the treatment of higher risk MDS.     

Overexpression of leptin and leptin receptors in breast cancer positively correlates with clinicopathological features

Obesity has been reported to increase postmenopausal breast cancer risk by 30% to 50%, and obese breast cancer patients have been shown to present more aggressive breast cancer pathological features As most breast cancers are sex hormone-dependent, adipocytokines derived from adipose tissue, such as leptin, may account for the positive association between obesity and breast cancer. Leptin, a 16-kDa protein product of the obese gene, was initially regarded as a neuroendocrine factor in the hypothalamus to maintain homeostasis of body weight by regulating food intake and energy expenditure.     

The classification and operative treatment of scapular fractures.

Objective To explore the early diagnosis and surgical treatment of scapular fractures. Methods Sixteen cases with scapular fractures received operation that had been admitted to our hospital from January 1996 to January 2001 were retrospectively analyzed. AP Views of X-ray, two-dimensional CT scannings and three-dimensional CT reconstructions were used to confirm the injuries. According to Hardegger' s classification for scapular fractures, There were 9 fractures of the scapular body,7 fractures of the scapular neck, 2 fractures of the glenoid rim, 1 fracture of the glenoid fossa,5 fractures of the scapular spine, 3 fractures of the acromion and 2 fractures of the coracoid process. Of the 16 patients, 11 (68.8%) cases had complex fractures of the scapula,and 14 cases(87.5%) had associated injuries. On the basis of the fracture patterns, anterior, posterior, posterosuperior approach, and anterior combined posterior approach were performed with plates or ( and) lag screws for surgical reconstruction. Resu     

Research advance in rosacea

Rosacea is a common disease,but its pathogenesis is still poorly understood.For instance,there is a hypothesis in which subtypes develop in an array or another where subtypes are likely to present separately as part of a syndrome.On the other hand,with the improvement in healthcare and diagnosis techniques,more designed studies have been conducted to investigate associated factors of rosacea such as the effect of sunlight,climate and other risk factors.In this study,updates have been included in the classification of epidemiology,aetiology,pathogenesis,subtypes,histology and treatment strategies for rosacea.It is hoped that these will provide new insights into the causes of and treatment for rosacea.     

OTHOPEDIC SURGERY——Lumbar dorsal spine

Clinical analysis of residual low back pain and recurrent herniation after standard discectomy for lumbar disc herniation;Comparative study of microsurgical lumbar discectomy and microendoscopic discectomy;The total spondylectomy and reconstruction in the treatment of cervicothoracic spinal tumors;Late kyphosis secondary to operation on thoracolumbar fractures：risk factors and posterior transpedicular vertebral osteotomy with spinal shortening; Anterior decompression, internal fixation and fusion for treatment of thoracolumbar fractures com- bined with spinal cord injuries;     

Contemporary treatment of Western and Chinese medicine for cardiac syndrome X

Clinical reports on cardiac syndrome X(CSX) have been increasing in recent years.In general, CSX does not increase the cardiovascular mortality,but it can affect the patient’s quality of life(QOL) and increase the incidence rates of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.Although a variety of drugs and therapies have been utilized in the clinical treatment,the management of CSX still represents a major challenge due to its unclear pathogenesis.It is necessary to explore more effective treatment programs.Many attempts have been made on trials of the Chinese medicine(CM) treatment for CSX and proved that CM has a certain advantage in efficacy to improve clinical symptoms and QOL.CM may provide a new approach for the effective treatment of CSX.     

Immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases

Lung cancer has the highest risk of brain metastasis (BM) among all solid carcinomas. The emergence of BM has a significant impact on the selection of oncologic treatment for patients. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are the most promising treatment option for patients without druggable mutations and have been shown to improve survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) BM in clinical trials with good safety. Moreover, ICI has shown certain effects in NSCLC BM, and the overa...     

玻璃体切割术治疗独眼视网膜母细胞瘤局灶性玻璃体种植灶

Vitreous seeds of retinoblastoma are one of the main reasons for treatment failure using globe-conserving therapy due to their poor response to therapy.This is most likely secondary to the difficulty for chemotherapeutic drugs to permeate into the vitreous cavity due to the bloodeye barrier) Currently,laser coagulation or cryotherapy is not used for vitreous seeds.External beam radiotherapy has been seldom used for vitreous seeds due to radiationrelated complications.2 Recently,several reports have showed repeated intravitreal injections of anticancer drugs,such as melphalan,may be an option for vitreous seeds.3 However,long-term efficacy of this approach is unsure and this treatment is unavailable at many treatment centers.Furthermore,repeated intravitreal injections entail an increased risk of extraocular dissemination of tumor cells.     

益智健脑颗粒联合针灸对阿尔茨海默病大鼠学习记忆的影响

目的观察益智健脑颗粒联合针灸对阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimers disease,AD）大鼠学习记忆的影响。方法将大鼠随机分为假手术组（A组）、模型组（B组）、针灸组（C组）、益智＋针灸组（D组）各10只,B、C、D 3组分别以海马CA1区注射β淀粉样蛋白25-35（Aβ25-35）造模,A组注射等量的双蒸水,各组分别治疗20 d后行Morris水迷宫试验,观察大鼠学习记忆能力变化。结果B组较A组的平均潜伏期明显延长,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;与B组比较,C组、D组的平均潜伏期明显缩短,过台次数增多,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;与C组比较,D组的潜伏期缩短,过台次数增多,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论益智健脑颗粒联合针灸能够提高Aβ25-35介导的AD模型大鼠的学习记忆能力。     

表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂在非小细胞肺癌应用的瓶颈——获得性耐药

以表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor,EGFR-TKI）分子靶向治疗研究为肇始,转化性研究使基础实验和临床实践间的鸿沟迅速填平,改变着人们认识治疗肺癌的视角。无可否认,EGFR-TKI上市后极大地延伸了肿瘤学家治疗肺癌的手段,但不管从临床经验、临床研究数据、分子生物学层面还是文献计量学的角度,     

WHO西太区与“世界中医药学会联合会”中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：精、神、气、血、津、液部分

精、神、气、血、津、液是中医理论中6个非常重要的概念，有关术语在《WHO西太区传统医学国际标准名词术语》中一共收录了59条，“世界中医药学会联合会”（以下简称世中联）《中医基本名词术语中英对照国际标准》中收录了58条。血、津、液的内涵较为具体，有一定的物质基础，理解并不困难。翻译上虽有差异，但亦不难统一。精、神、     

程丑夫教授论治情志病验案举隅

程丑夫是国家级名老中医,湖南中医药大学第一附属医院主任医师、教授、博士生导师,享受政府特殊津贴专家,出身于中医世家,从医40余年,经验丰富,对于内科系统及疑难杂症的治疗颇有心得,笔者有幸跟师学习,聆听教诲,受益匪浅,现将程师论治情志病的经典验案略陈一二。1思虑伤脾案患者肖某,女,27岁。初诊：2014年5月20日。半年前因婚变后出现忧心忡忡,多思多虑,近1月来反复腹部胀满,刻诊：腹胀,食后为甚,呃逆,无反酸,通气后可减轻,无腹痛,不欲食,夜寐不安,二便调。舌红苔厚白腻,脉弦,BP：110／70mmHg。     

New Mechanism of Herb-herb Interaction between Ginseng and Trogopterus Based on CYPs in Rat Livers

The study was designed to investigate the potential mechanism of herb-herb interaction between ginseng and Trogopterus （Trg） based on Cytochrome P450 isozymes （CYPs） in rat livers. We estimated the influence on CYP1A2, CYP2E1, and CYP3A1/2 activity caused by ginseng and Trg used in combination. The CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 enzyme activity were induced by ginseng and Trg used in combination. And this induction effect was caused via inducing CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 protein expression which was supposed caused by inducing the gene expression of CYP1A2 and CYP2E1.     

中医疗法治疗运动性疲劳的研究进展

随着竞技体育的发展，运动员经常承受着大负荷、超强度的体力训练，因此极易产生运动性疲劳。疲劳的出现使肌内压增高，局部缺血，造成氧化代谢、H^＋排出率与pH值降低，血乳酸增高，从而影响肌纤维神经传导速度和肌内收缩力量，减弱了肌肉保护能力。致使较多的冲击力传到骨骼上，故易导致疲劳骨折的发生,严重影响了运动员的训练和比赛成绩，对运动员身心产生不必要的伤害。运动性疲劳消除手段的研究一直是竞技体育工作和运动医学关注和研究的焦点。     

补肾活血方对PCOS大鼠模型卵巢中PAI-1mRNA表达的影响

目的探讨补肾活血方对大鼠PCOS模型卵巢局部纤溶酶原激活物抑制因子-1（PAI—1mRNA）表达的影响。方法选用未成年24d龄SD雌性大鼠60只,随机分为模型组、克罗米酚组、补肾活血方高剂量组、补肾活血方低剂量组、正常对照组5组。用Bogovich法建立大鼠多囊卵巢病理模型。以克罗米酚为对照。用原位杂交法观察补肾活血方对多囊卵巢大鼠局部PAI—1mRNA的影响。结果模型组卵巢局部PAI—1mRNA存在卵泡膜间质细胞显著增高,用补肾活血方高、低剂量与克罗米酚药后,卵巢局部PAI-1mRNA的表达明显降低．差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05、P〈0．01）。补肾活血方高剂量组与克罗米酚组比较,差异具有显著统计学意义（P〈0．01）;低荆量组与克罗米酚组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,补肾活血方高、低剂量组比较,低剂量组卵泡膜间质细胞上PAI-1的基因表达增高更明显,但二者差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论PAI-1mRNA可能与多囊卵巢综合征的发病机制有关。以补肾活血立法的补肾活血方能降低多囊卵巢大鼠局部PAI—1mRNA的显著增高表达．降低PAI—1mRNA卵巢局部的作用。提示补肾活血方可能通过PAI—1mRNA途径促进卵巢排卵的机制。     

Effects of tacrolimus and cyclosporine treatment on metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors after renal transplantation: a meta-analysis

Background The therapeutic success of renal transplantation has been largely attributable to the development of effective and balanced immunosuppressive treatment regimens.This study provides a meta-analysis of a series of randomized controlled trials that compared the effects of tacrolimus and cyclosporine on metabolic syndrome （MetS） and cardiovascular risk factors after renal transplantation.Methods We searched various electronic databases and bibliographies,including MEDLINE,the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,and EMBASE,for relevant studies published prior to October 2012.Results Our meta-analysis included five randomized controlled trials that examined a total of 923 patients.The tacrolimus group and the cyclosporine group exhibited no significant differences in MetS incidence after renal transplantation; risk ratio （RR）：1.06,95％ confidence interval （C/）：0.73-1.55,P=0.76.Cyclosporine treatment was associated with a higher incidence of hyperlipidemia （RR：0.50,95％ CI：0.39-0.64,P ＜0.01）.Although there were no statistically significant differences,cyclosporine treatment was associated with a higher incidence of hypertension （RR：0.91,95％ CI：0.83-1.00,P=0.06） after renal transplantation compared to tacrolimus treatment,and tacrolimus treatment was associated with a higher incidence of diabetes after renal transplantation （RR：1.79,95％ CI：0.98-3.27,P=0.06） compared to cyclosporine treatment.Conclusions Compared to tacrolimus treatment,cyclosporine treatment was associated with a higher incidence of hyperlipidemia.Future large-scale studies are expected to be conducted to further confirm our findings.     

Liuwei Dihuang,a traditional Chinese herbal formula,suppresses chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in obese rats

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and adipokine-ameliorating effects of Liuwei Dihuang （LWDH）, a traditional Chinese herbal formula, in obese rats. METHODS： After 2 weeks of acclimation with free access to regular rodent chow and water, obese-prone-caesarean-derived （OP-CD） rats were fed a modified AIN-93G diet containing 60% energy from fat. Treatment was performed twice daily by gavage feeding with 500, 1 500, or 3 500 mg/kg body weight LWDH suspended in water （n=12 rats per group）. Twelve obese-resistant-CD （OR-CD） rats were fed the atherogenic diet and gavaged with water, and served as the normal control. Blood biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and adiponectin were measured post-sacrifice and used to determine the treatment effect of LWDH and assess the suitability of OR/OP-CD rats for studying these parameters. RESULTS： After 9 weeks of treatment, LWDH lowered serum C-reactive protein （CRP） and tumour necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） levels. Serum interleukin-6 （IL-6） levels showed a tendency towards reduction, but were not significantly different from the OP-CD control. Liver superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity was increased in response to all three doses of LWDH, while the levels of reduced （GSH） and oxidized glutathione （GSSG） and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances （TBARS） were unchanged. Serum adiponectin levels were increased in response to oral administration of LWDH at the dose of either 500 or 1 500 mg/kg body weight. In addition, comparisons between OR-CD and OP-CD rats revealed differential, and for some biomarkers, conflicting characteristics of high-fat diet-fed OP-CD rats in reference to obese human subjects in terms of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers and circulating adiponectin levels. CONCLUSION： The results show, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress and adiponectin-ameliorating effects of LWDH in obese rats. The suitability of the OP-JOP-CD rat model as     

郭振球教授高血压病辨治特色

郭振球教授是湖南中医药大学教授,从事临床、科研、教学工作六十一年,积累了丰富的临床经验,在学术上治学严谨。学验俱丰。1986年人选我国首批中医学博士研究生导师．1990年被评为我国首批全国继承老中医学术经验指导老师,开创了微观证治学,系世界传统医学诊断学学科奠基人。