共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
Anil K. Tyor Kanika Pahwa 《Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology》2018,100(5):659-664
River Yamuna is under constant menace due to pollution levels beyond limit, ensuing chronic poisoning of aquatic biota. Induction of oxidative stress and cellular deformities is a common effect in fish. The present study aimed in assessing impact of environmental pollutants on gonad (testis) of Clarias gariepinus from Wazirabad barrage (entry site) and Okhla barrage (exit site) of river Yamuna in Delhi segment. Antioxidant enzymes assays viz. Super oxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP); thiobarbituric acid reactive substance assay (TBARS) for determining level of lipid peroxidation and histology for analysis of degenerative changes were employed as biomarkers. The results depicted signs of environmental contamination, hallmarked by significant increase (p?<?0.001) in TBARs level (µmol/g wet tissue); significant decrease (p?<?0.001) in SOD, CAT (U/mg protein) and FRAP value (U/mg tissue) in response to greater pollution at Okhla barrage as compared to Wazirabad barrage. Degenerative changes viz. unorganized seminiferous tubules, extensive vacuolization in germ cells, inflammatory lesions, greater vacant spaces and condensation of tubular cells prevailed in 75%, 85%, 80%, 80%, and 65% specimens respectively from Okhla barrage. Hence, the selected biomarkers highlighted the existence of greater prooxidative compounds at the exit site resulting in stressful condition for fish in river basin. 相似文献
3.
The present study is focused on determining the acute and chronic toxicity of nickel (Ni) to fish fingerlings, Mugil cephalus. The 96-h median lethal concentration (LC50) for Ni was found to be 42.2?±?3.9 mg L?1. Based on the chronic toxicity test for 30 days, “No Observed Effect Concentration”, “Lowest Observed Effect Concentration” and “Chronic value” were found to be 2.9?±?0.14, 4.7?±?0.14 and 3.7?±?0.14 mg Ni L?1, respectively. The activities of biomarker enzymes including esterase, superoxide dismutase and malate dehydrogenase showed differential expression and cellular anomalies like hyperplasia and detachment of bipolar cells from photoreceptor cells in the retina of eye of mullet. Cellular anomalies in the retina of fish eye affect the primary function of retina, which is to convert light energy into nerve impulses transferred to the brain via the optic nerve, leading to loss or poor vision. 相似文献
4.
Hanson R Dodoo DK Essumang DK Blay J Yankson K 《Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology》2007,79(5):544-547
Studies were carried out to determine the toxicity of some selected pesticides on fresh water fish in a tropical environment.
The uptake of the pesticides lindane, pentachlorophenol (PCP), and propoxur, which are frequently used on farms, and in industries
as well as by loggers and timber men on wood were studied in concrete ponds at the University of Cape Coast, in Ghana. The
fish used for the study were Oreochromis niloticus, Clarias gariepinus, and Chrysicthys nigrodigitatus. They were obtained from cultured ponds in the Cape Coast and Mankessim districts in the Central Region and Weija Dam, in
the Greater Accra region of Ghana. Single high lethal concentration (SD) or acute treatment and cumulative/chronic (or multiple
minor) lethal concentration (CD) treatment were employed in administering the pesticides to the fish via water. Gas chromatograph
electron capture detector analysis was done on the dead fish to see the extent of ingestion. The LC50 values obtained for lindane on the three fish samples were as follows: Chrysicthys – 0.38 mg L−1; Oreochromis – 0.42 mg L−1, and Clarias – 1.2 mg L−1. Mortalities occurred in fish within 3–5 days of application. For the PCP on Chrysicthys, Oreochromis, and Clarias species
the LC50 values were 0.42, 0.32 and 0.64 mg L−1, respectively, for over a 2- to 3-day period. For a three-time influx period of propoxur the LC50 for Chrysicthys, Oreochromis, and Clarias, were 22.0, 30.40, and 45.04 (all in mg L−1), respectively. The results obtained indicated that the pesticides had adverse effects on the general growth and reproduction
of fish as shown by gonadosomatic indices. 相似文献
5.
Oluwatosin Adetola Arojojoye Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi Jeremiah Moyinoluwalogo Afolabi 《Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology》2018,100(6):765-771
This study evaluated the environmental safety of Igbokoda River, a popular fishing hub in an oil producing area in Nigeria. Biomarkers of oxidative stress and heavy metals were determined in the liver and muscle of Clarias gariepinus from Igbokoda River and also in fish samples from a clean fish farm (control). Water samples from both sites were analysed for physicochemical parameters, heavy metals and bacterial contamination. There was significant increase in the level of heavy metals in water samples and in the organs of fish from Igbokoda River. A significant increase in malondialdehyde level as well as alterations in antioxidant status was observed in the organs of fish samples from Igbokoda River compared with control. Coliforms and salmonella were also visible in Igbokoda River alongside particulate matter. These results show that Igbokoda River is polluted; consumption of aquatic organisms from the River may be unsafe for people in that community. 相似文献
6.
Chirality in pesticides has become a challenge because of enantiomers’ different toxicities to non-target organisms. Acute
and chronic toxicities of Rac-metalaxyl and R-metalaxyl to Daphnia magna were determined and compared. The 48-h LC50 for Rac- and R-metalaxyl to Daphnia magna were 51.5 and 41.9 mg/L. In a 14-day chronic test, the lowest-observed-effective concentration (LOEC) and no-observed-effective
concentration (NOEC) of Rac-metalaxyl were 2 and 1 mg/L, respectively, whereas those of R-metalaxyl were 1 and 0.1 mg/L. Body length, days-to-first-brood and number of broods per female were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by R-metalaxyl at >1.0 mg/L, but affected by Rac-metalaxyl at ≥2.0 mg/L. 相似文献
7.
Soto-Jiménez MF Arellano-Fiore C Rocha-Velarde R Jara-Marini ME Ruelas-Inzunza J Páez-Osuna F 《Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology》2011,61(2):280-291
The objective of this investigation was to assess the transfer of lead (Pb) along an experimental, four-level food chain:
Tetraselmis suecica (phytoplankton) → Artemia franciscana (crustacean, brine shrimp) → Litopenaeus vannamei (crustacean, white shrimp) → Haemulon scudderi (fish, grunt). T. suecica was exposed to a sublethal dose of Pb in solution and then used as the base of a marine food chain. Significant differences
in Pb concentrations were found between exposed organisms of the different trophic levels and the control. Particularly, Pb
concentrations in fish of the simulated trophic chain were two-to three times higher in the exposed specimens than in the
control. Levels of Pb in phytoplankton showed a substantial increase with respect to the solution (level I), with bioconcentration
factors averaging from 930 to 3630. In contrast, a strong decrease in Pb concentration from phytoplankton to zooplankton (level
II) and from zooplankton to shrimp tissues (level III) was evidenced by bioaccumulation factors <1. Despite the decrease in
the assimilation efficiency of metal transfer observed in these two predators, Pb concentration in the grunt fish (level IV)
was higher than in the shrimp (level III) (bioaccumulation factor >1.0). Some of the added Pb is transferred from the phytoplankton
along the food chain, thus producing a net accumulation of Pb mainly in fish and, to a lesser extent, in shrimp tissues. Because
Pb is one of the most pervasive contaminants in coastal ecosystems, its transference by way of diet and potential net accumulation
in higher predators is of ecologic importance for marine life. In addition, because shrimp and adult Haemulon scudderi are commercially important resources, this issue is of particular relevance to the safety of marine products. 相似文献
8.
9.
De La Rosa D Lima L Olivares-Rieumont S Graham DW Enriquez I Diaz O Bastías JM Muñoz O 《Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology》2009,82(1):101-105
Total mercury levels (Thg) were quantified in Clarias gariepinus captured from the Sagua la Grande River (Cuba) in the vicinity of an active chlor–alkali plant, and relationships among place
of capture; fish size, weight, and sex; and THg levels were assessed. THg levels ranged from 67 to 375 ng/g ww in collected
fish, never exceeding the Cuban recommended maximum limit for fish consumption of 500 ng/g ww. No significant correlation
was observed between mercury levels and fish allometric characteristics (p < 0.05); however, levels were significantly higher in fish captured below the chlor–alkali facility, suggesting a connection
between mercury bioaccumulation and plant discharges. 相似文献
10.
Song ZH 《Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology》2007,79(3):278-282
The 24-h median lethal concentrations of pentachlorophenol to Chironomus
plumousus, Tubifex sinicus and Galba pervia were 0.302, 0.977 and 0.293 mg/L, respectively. Bioconcentration factors of C. plumousus, T. sinicus and G. pervia to pentachlorophenol were 108, 367 and 85 at 0.02 mg/L pentachlorophenol, respectively. As pentachlorophenol concentration
increased, the G. pervia egg hatching rates became lower, and the total hatched time became longer. Pentachlorophenol teratogenesis was demonstrated
by observing the deformation of C. plumousus larvae mentum. 相似文献
11.
12.
Oruc E 《Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology》2012,88(5):678-684
Chlorpyrifos is the most common insecticide in freshwater ecosystems, and detected in agricultural and fishery product. In
this study, Oreochromis niloticus were exposed to 5, 10 and 15 ppb sublethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos in order to determine the oxidative stress response
in liver. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was significantly inhibited. Superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) increased
after 15 days of chlorpyrifos treatments at all concentrations (146.95%, 53.04%, 208.70%, respectively). Malondialdehyde levels
were higher than that of the control level after 15 days of 5 ppb (95.65%), 10 ppb (69.56%) and 15 ppb (252.17%) chlorpyrifos
treatments. Malondialdehyde levels were also increased ranging from 59.09%, 113.63% to 195.46% after 30 days of 5, 10 and
15 ppb chlorpyrifos exposures. Glutathione S-transferase activity decreased except for 15 days low concentration exposure.
Catalase (CAT) activity decreased while there is no significant alteration in glutathione peroxidase activity. After recovery
period, the low concentration group of chlorpyrifos provided a protection in AChE activity during recovery, but fish were
observed to be unable to overcome the inhibition of AChE activity at high concentration groups. CAT activity remained reduced,
SOD activity increased whereas the other biochemical parameters recovered to control levels. Results of this study suggest
that chlorpyrifos induces oxidative stress in the liver of O. niloticus and this effect is not related with anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of pesticide. 相似文献
13.
Haiping Wang Feng Liu Pei Luo Zihan Li Liguo Zheng Hua Wang Dongsheng Zou Jinshui Wu 《Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology》2017,98(4):556-561
Allelopathy has been proposed as a sustainable means to control undesired algal growth and to reduce blooms threatening freshwater systems worldwide. In this study, the allelopathic effects of Myriophyllum aquaticum and its exudate on two typical bloom-forming cyanobacteria, Microcystis aeruginosa and Anabaena flos-aquae, were investigated under laboratory conditions. The growth of the cyanobacteria was strongly inhibited by live M. aquaticum while the primary addition of M. Aquaticum exudates had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of M. aeruginosa but not A. flos-aquae. The results suggested that the persistent release of allelochemicals from live M. aquaticum was needed to effectively constrain the growth of A. flos-aquae. Analysis of cyanobacterial physiological indexes indicated that M. aquaticum produced an inhibitory effect on SOD enzyme activity of A. flos-aquae, while it affected membrane lipid peroxidation in M. aeruginosa. The results show the potential of M. aquaticum to mitigate cyanobacterial blooms in coexistence systems. 相似文献
14.
In the present study, the growth of Chrysanthemum coronarium L. and Sorghum sudanense L. and their copper accumulation were studied using hydroponic experiments. Results showed that the root elongation, dry
biomass yield, and chlorophyll content in both plant species decreased significantly with the increasing level of Cu in solution.
The concentrations of Cu in the two plants increased greatly with the increasing Cu level in the treatments. However, most
of the Cu was accumulated in roots, and only a small portion was translocated into shoots. Compared with S. sudanense, the shoots of C. coronarium had a significantly higher concentration of Cu. The total amount and percentage of water-soluble Cu, and the nonprotein thiol
were also higher in the shoots of C. coronarium. In the roots, however, S. sudanense accumulated more Cu than C. coronarium. The treatments with 5 to 50 μmol L−1 Cu significantly increased the uronic acid content in the roots of S. sudanens, but did not have any significant effect for C. coronarium. Higher concentrations of Cu bound to the cell wall and uronic acid in the roots of S. sudanense were speculated to be the main reason to restrain Cu translocation from roots to shoots. 相似文献
15.
M. A. da S. Leitão K. H. M. Cardozo E. Pinto P. Colepicolo 《Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology》2003,45(1):0059-0065
The susceptibility of the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum to Arochlor 1254, a commercial mixture of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners was examined through toxicity bioassays based on cell survival and measures of oxidative balance and adaptive response to PCB stress. The highest Arochlor 1254 concentration that did not cause observed effects (NOEC) on cell growth was 100 (48 h) and 25 ppb (96 h). The concentration that caused maximum effect (MEC) was 300 ppb (48 h) and 250 ppb (µl L–1) (96 h). The concentrations that promoted 50% cell death (LC50) were 146 and 122 ppb after 48 and 96 h, respectively. The cell numbers were lower after 96 h of exposure than after 48 h, suggesting that neither recovery nor growth occurred.Under exposure to 120 ppb Arochlor 1254 for 48 h the oxidative damage in proteins was 121% higher than the control, as measured by reactive carbonyl levels, but no oxidative damage was found in lipids measured as malondialdehyde contents. Total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased to plateau levels 146% greater than control values. The cells also exhibited increased ascorbate peroxidase (APx) activity (50%) and peridinin content (27%). No changes were observed in -carotene under these experimental conditions. Therefore, SOD and APx induction and increased peridinin content may be principal primary adaptive responses to an increase of reactive oxygen species in Arochlor 1254 stress as indicated by protein oxidative damage and are an early marker of Arochlor 1254 contamination.Received: 10 September 2002/Accepted: 22 January 2003 相似文献
16.
Rours GI de Krijger RR Ott A Willemse HF de Groot R Zimmermann LJ Kornelisse RF Verbrugh HA Verkooijen RP 《European journal of epidemiology》2011,26(5):421-428
Chlamydia
trachomatis may infect the placenta and subsequently lead to preterm delivery. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between the presence
of Chlamydia
trachomatis and signs of placental inflammation in women who delivered at 32 weeks gestation or less. Setting: placental histology and
clinical data were prospectively obtained from 304 women and newborns at the Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
C.
trachomatis testing of placentas was done retrospectively using PCR. C.
trachomatis was detected in 76 (25%) placentas. Histological evidence of placental inflammation was present in 123 (40%) placentas: in
41/76 (54%) placentas with C.
trachomatis versus 82/228 (36%) placentas without C.
trachomatis infection (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.2–3.5). C.
trachomatis infection correlated with the progression (P = 0.009) and intensity (P = 0.007) of materno-fetal placental inflammation. C.
trachomatis DNA was frequently detected in the placenta of women with early preterm delivery, and was associated with histopathological
signs of placental inflammation. 相似文献
17.
Haihua Wang Lili Cui Huamin Cheng Yu Zhang Xiaoping Diao Jun Wang 《Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology》2017,98(5):649-655
Research on the kinetics of Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) bioaccumulation in the clam Pinctada martensii and mussel Perna viridis showed that the initial rate of uptake was directly related to the PAH concentrations in the ambient environment. The uptake and depuration rate constants were different at the four B[a]P exposure levels, which indicated that the toxicokinetic rate constants mainly depended on the exposure levels of pollutants to the environment. In addition, the uptake rate constants of B[a]P were higher than the depuration rate constants in the entire experiment. The comparison demonstrated that mussels release B[a]P more rapidly than clams. The bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of B[a]P varied from 3335 to 12892 in the clam and 2373–6235 in the mussel. These findings on the bioaccumulation kinetics for petroleum hydrocarbons, in association with the critical body residue, will be valuable when choosing sensitive organisms to assess the potential ecotoxicological risk to the marine environment. 相似文献
18.
López D Chamorro S Silva J Bay-Schmith E Vidal G 《Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology》2011,87(6):633-637
Two kraft pulp mill effluents were compared in terms of their chronic toxicity to Daphnia magna. One resulted from pulping Pinus radiata and the other came from a parallel processing of Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus globulus (mixed kraft pulp mill effluent). The concentration of phytosterols found in the mixed kraft pulp mill effluent was higher than in the effluent from Pinus radiata, with values of 0.1082 and 0.02 μg/L, respectively. The phytosterols per se are responsible for 12.9% and 8.1% of the deviation from the natural shape, while the kraft pulp mill effluents account for
25.6%–27.8% of shape deviation. The role of β-sitosterol and stigmasterol is discussed in relation to endocrine disruption. 相似文献
19.