Acute myocardial infarction spurred by myopericarditis in a young female patient: Coxsackie B2 to blame

Myocardial virus infection may mimic but also trigger acute myocardial infarction.The present paper reports an exceedingly rare presentation of an acute myocardial infarction in a very young female associated with Coxsackie B2 virus infection. A 17-year-old woman with no prior medical history presented to the Cardiac Intensive Care unit with chest pain, ST segment elevation and increased cardiac troponin with pericardial effusion one week after experiencing febrile viral gastroenteritis. Given the age and health of the patient, myocarditis was initially presumed. Coronary angiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging studies, however, demonstrated an acute posterior myocardial infarction related to a right coronary artery thrombosis. Serological studies disclosed a concurrent Coxsackie B2 virus infection. The patient made a successful recovery with subsequent minor left ventricular dysfunction at long-term follow-up. Coxsackie B2 myocarditis might have triggered a coronary artery spasm and subsequent thrombosis.     

Acute myocarditis triggering coronary spasm and mimicking acute myocardial infarction

A 24-year-old healthy man consulted to our center because of typical on-and-off chest-pain and an electrocardiogram showing ST-segment elevation in inferior leads. An urgent coronary angiography showed angiographically normal coronary arteries. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging confirmed acute myocarditis. Although acute myocarditis triggering coronary spasm is an uncommon association, it is important to recognize it, particularly for the management for those patients presenting with ST-segment elevation and suspect myocardial infarction and angiographically normal coronary arteries. The present report highlights the role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging to identify acute myocarditis as the underlying cause.     

Right and left ventricular ejection fraction in acute inferior wall infarction with or without ST segment elevation in lead V4R

To detect right ventricular involvement, lead V4R was recorded within 10 hours of the onset of chest pain in 42 consecutive patients admitted with acute inferior wall myocardial infarction. One week after the acute infarction, multigated equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography was performed to assess right and left ventricular ejection fraction. Two weeks after the acute infarction, coronary angiography was performed to determine the site and location of the obstruction leading to the infarction. Seventeen patients had an obstruction in the right coronary artery proximal to the first branch to the right ventricular free wall (group 1); all of these had ST segment elevation in lead V4R. Fourteen patients had an obstruction in the right coronary artery distal to the first branch to the right ventricular free wall (group 2); only two of these patients had ST segment elevation in lead V4R. In 11 patients, the obstruction was located in the circumflex coronary artery (group 3); none of these had ST segment elevation in lead V4R. Nineteen patients had ST segment elevation of 1 mm or greater in lead V4R (group 4). Left ventricular ejection fraction was not different among the four groups of patients, although the right ventricular ejection fraction was significantly lower in group 1 and group 4 patients. It is concluded that ST segment elevation in lead V4R reliably identifies the group of patients with inferior wall myocardial infarction with depressed right ventricular function. This phenomenon persists for at least 1 week after infarction.     

首次急性ST段抬高与非ST段抬高心肌梗死患者临床及冠状动脉病变特点比较

目的回顾性分析比较首次发生急性ST段抬高心肌梗死与非ST段抬高心肌梗死的临床及冠状动脉病变的特点。方法选择首次急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者50例(ST段抬高组)和急性非ST段抬高心肌梗死患者50例(非ST段抬高组),均行冠状动脉造影检查,对其发病特点、临床表现、并发症、心功能以及冠状动脉病变进行回顾性分析。结果 ST段抬高组起病急,主要以剧烈胸痛为主,就诊时间较早,非ST段抬高组首发症状多样。ST段抬高组总并发症、室性心律失常、窦性心动过缓及传导阻滞发生率明显高于非ST段抬高组(P<0.01),左心室射血分数明显低于非ST段抬高组(P<0.05)。与ST段抬高组比较,非ST段抬高组冠状动脉病变血管支数较多,3支病变、侧支循环比例较高(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论急性ST段抬高心肌梗死起病急,并发症多,影响心功能,应积极尽快实施血运重建,以开通梗死相关血管,但急性非ST段抬高心肌梗死冠状动脉病变往往较重。急性心肌梗死的近期预后与起病急缓、透壁性心肌坏死范围等有关。     

急性下壁心肌梗死心电图胸前导联V1-3 ST段抬高的临床意义

目的 探讨急性下壁心肌梗死患者心电图胸前导联ST段抬高与冠状动脉造影所示冠状动脉病变的关系及其临床意义.方法 187例急性下壁心肌梗死患者,按入院时18导心电图胸前导联ST段改变分为2组,ST段抬高组（16例）和非ST段压低组（171例）.所有患者均行冠状动脉造影术,病变适合行经皮腔冠状动脉成型术并检测B型钠尿肽（BNP）.结果 急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段抬高时多为右冠状动脉近段闭塞,尤其是圆锥支闭塞（P＜0.01）,且伴有右心功能不全和血流动力学障碍,与下壁右室心梗相比BNP差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.结论 急性下壁心肌梗死合并胸前导联ST抬高表明为右冠状动脉近段或开口闭塞且多伴右室心肌梗死和心功能不全.     

Prehospital identification of acute coronary syndrome/myocardial infarction in relation to ST elevation

AIM: To evaluate factors that identify patients with an acute coronary syndrome/myocardial infarction prior to hospital admission among patients with a suspected acute coronary syndrome who were transported by ambulance with and without ST elevation on the ambulance electrocardiogram (ECG). METHODS: This was a prospective observational study in the part of Stockholm that is served by South Hospital ambulance organisation and the Municipality of Goteborg. All the patients who called for an ambulance due to acute chest pain or other symptoms raising the suspicion of an acute coronary syndrome took part. Immediately after the arrival of the ambulance, a blood sample was drawn for the analysis of serum myoglobin, creatine kinase (CK) MB and troponin I. A 12-lead ECG was simultaneously recorded. Further factors that were taken into consideration were age, gender, history of cardiovascular disease, symptoms and clinical findings. RESULTS: In patients with ST elevation in prehospital ECG, the likelihood of an acute myocardial infarction increased if there were simultaneous ST depression in other leads (OR 3.94, 95% CL 1.26-12.38). For patients without an ST elevation, the likelihood of an acute myocardial infarction increased if there were: elevation of any biochemical marker OR 2.96, 95% CL 1.32-6.64; ST depression (OR 2.54, 95% CL 1.43-4.51), T-inversion (OR 2.22, 95% CL 1.10-4.48), male gender (OR 2.21, 95% CL 1.24-3.93) and increasing age (OR 1.04, 95% CL 1.01-1.06). CONCLUSION: Among patients with a suspected acute coronary syndrome, factors that increased the likelihood for an ongoing acute myocardial infarction could already be defined prior to hospital admission. For those with an ST elevation, factors were found in ECG pattern. For those without an ST elevation, such factors were found in elevation of biochemical markers, admission ECG, male gender and increasing age.     

93例急性心肌梗死患者的心电图及冠脉造影分析

目的探讨急性心肌梗死患者心电图sT改变的导联与冠状动脉罪犯血管的关系。方法对93例急性心肌梗死患者心电图ST段改变与选择性冠状动脉造影结果进行对比分析。结果心电图V1-V4sT抬高伴Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVFST段下移的罪犯血管主要为左前降支（LAD）,少数前壁心肌梗死伴下壁sT段抬高;Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVFST抬高伴V1-V4 ST段下移的主要罪犯血管为右冠状动脉（RCA）,少部分为左回旋支（LCX）,极少部分为LAD;胸前导联T高尖与ST抬高导联不一致可排除LAD;高侧壁Ⅰ、AVLST段抬高多数罪犯血管为LCX。结论心电图ST改变的导联对急性心肌梗死罪犯血管能进行初步预测。     

急性下壁心肌梗死患者心电图胸前导联ST段改变的临床意义

目的探讨急性下壁心肌梗死患者心电图胸前导联ST段改变与冠状动脉造影(CAG)所见冠状动脉病变部位的关系及其临床意义。方法 187例急性下壁心肌梗死患者,按入院时18导心电图胸前导联ST段改变分为3组,ST段无变化组(47例),ST段抬高组(16例),ST段压低组(124例);所有患者均行CAG。结果急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段抬高时多为右冠状动脉(RCA)近段闭塞(14例,82.3%),尤其是伴圆锥支动脉闭塞,与RCA中远端闭塞(2例,5.9%)比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01),且14例(73.7%)伴有右心功能不全和血流动力学障碍。下壁心肌梗死胸前导联ST段压低者可见于RCA、回旋支(LCX)闭塞及RCA、LCX闭塞与前降支(LAD)、对角支(D)病变的不同组合,其中LCX闭塞伴RCA病变者多表现为朐前ST V_4～V_6的压低,RCA闭塞伴LAD近端病变多有胸前ST V_1～V_6的压低,RCA伴D病变胸前ST V_1～V_3压低,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论急性下壁心肌梗死合并胸前导联ST段抬高表明为RCA近段或丌口闭塞且多伴右心室心肌梗死和心功能不全;下壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段压低提示为多支病变,ST V_1～V_3压低多伴有对角支严重狭窄,STV_1～V_6压低多伴有前降支的严重狭窄。     

Rapid resolution of ST elevation and prediction of clinical outcome in patients undergoing thrombolysis with alteplase (recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator): results of the Israeli Study of Early Intervention in Myocardial Infarction.

Alteplase (recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA)) was infused within four hours of onset of symptoms in 286 patients with acute myocardial infarction. Delayed coronary angiography was performed 72 hours after admission with coronary angioplasty if indicated. Electrocardiographic monitoring was continuous during the first hour of treatment. The sum of the ST segment elevations (sigma ST) was calculated on electrocardiograms recorded at entry and an hour later. ST elevations resolved rapidly within one hour of treatment in 189 patients and persisted in 97 patients. Rapid resolution of ST elevation correlated with angiographic coronary patency as determined by coronary angiography 72 hours after admission. The patients with rapid resolution of sigma ST had significantly smaller infarcts and a better clinical outcome than the patients with persistent ST elevation. sigma ST values at entry and one hour after treatment had no additional independent predictive value. Rapid resolution of ST elevations in patients undergoing thrombolysis with alteplase was associated with a significantly smaller release of creatine kinase, better preservation of left ventricular function, lower morbidity, and less short and long term mortality. Rapid resolution of sigma ST elevation is an efficient indicator of clinical outcome in groups of patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing thrombolysis with alteplase.     

Myocarditis mimicking acute myocardial infarction: role of endomyocardial biopsy in the differential diagnosis

OBJECTIVE—To test the hypothesis, using endomyocardial biopsies, that unexplained cases of apparent acute myocardial infarction were caused by myocarditis.
MATERIAL—Between 1992 and 1998, 12 patients were admitted to the coronary care unit with severe chest pain, ST segment elevation, increased serum creatine kinase and MB isoenzyme, and with wall motion abnormalities on echocardiogram highly suggestive of acute myocardial infarction. These patients were further investigated by endomyocardial biopsy, as their coronary angiograms were normal. A diagnosis of myocarditis was made according to the Dallas criteria. A panel of antibodies was used for immunohistochemical characterisation of inflammatory cell infiltrate. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect viral genomes in seven cases.
RESULTS—Haematoxylin and eosin staining of the endomyocardial biopsy showed active myocarditis in six patients and borderline myocarditis in one. Immunohistochemistry was positive for inflammatory cell infiltrates in 11 patients, including all the seven who were positive on haematoxylin and eosin staining according to the Dallas criteria. Only one patient had no evidence of inflammation. PCR was positive in two patients, both for Epstein-Barr virus. Follow up showed complete resolution of echocardiographic abnormalities in all patients except one.
CONCLUSIONS—Myocarditis can mimic acute myocardial infarction in patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries, leading to errors of treatment. In patients with apparent myocardial infarction and a normal coronary angiogram, endomyocardial biopsy may help in the diagnosis of myocarditis. The sensitivity of endomyocardial biopsy was enhanced by using immunohistochemical and molecular biological techniques.


Keywords: acute myocardial infarction; endomyocardial biopsy; myocarditis     

aVR导联ST段抬高对急性心肌梗死预后的价值

目的探讨心电图aVR导联ST段抬高对急性前壁心肌梗死患者预后的价值。方法首次入院急性前壁心肌梗死患者57例，对其心电图和冠状动脉造影及临床资料进行对比分析。根据心电图aVR导联ST段变化分为抬高组、无偏移组。结果梗死相关血管为左主干病变的ST段抬高组、ST段无偏移组分别为5例（21．7％）、1例（2．9％），两组统计有显著性差异（p〈0．01）；病变范围为多支病变ST段抬高组、ST段无偏移组分别为10例（43．4％）、8例（23．5％），两组统计有显著性差异（p〈0．05）；发生心脏事件ST段抬高组、ST段无偏移组分别为8例（34.8％）、3例（8．8％），两组有显著性差异（p〈0．01）。结论aVR导联ST段抬高对预测急性前壁心肌梗死患者的预后有重要的价值，应高度重视。     

Akutes Koronarsyndrom mit und ohne ST-Elevation

Coronary artery disease accounts for most deaths in western communities. The acute coronary syndrome subsidizes ST elevation myocardial infarction, non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, and unstable angina pectoris. They are characterized by an acute onset of chest pain.The high number of acute coronary syndromes of more than 400,000 per year in Germany demonstrates the necessity of guidelines. Such guidelines are available from different cardiac societies. The implementation of the guidelines of the German Cardiac Society and the European Society of Cardiology in the daily clinical practice are demonstrated in this review by means of two case presentations. Special attention has been given to diagnostic measures, risk stratification, and different therapeutic options. For the diagnostic work-up in the acute phase, the ECG and the assessment of cardiac biomarkers play the central role. For patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction, primary interventional diagnostics and therapy are the first choice. For patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes without ST elevation, a risk-adapted therapeutic approach should be chosen. High-risk patients (elevated troponins, clinical, rhythmologic, and hemodynamic instability, ST depression, or diabetes mellitus) should be treated with an early invasive approach within 48-72 h. Low-risk patients can be treated primarily conservatively. For all patients who undergo interventional treatment, administration of an aggressive antiaggregatory therapy, including acetylsalicylic acid, clopidogrel, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists, and heparin, is indicated in the acute phase. In the chronic phase, an adequate treatment of cardiovascular risk factors is of paramount importance.     

ECG Diagnosis and Classification of Acute Coronary Syndromes

In acute coronary syndromes, the electrocardiogram (ECG) provides important information about the presence, extent, and severity of myocardial ischemia. At times, the changes are typical and clear. In other instances, changes are subtle and might be recognized only when ECG recording is repeated after changes in the severity of symptoms. ECG interpretation is an essential part of the initial evaluation of patients with symptoms suspected to be related to myocardial ischemia, along with focused history and physical examination. Patients with ST‐segment elevation on their electrocardiogram and symptoms compatible with acute myocardial ischemia/infarction should be referred for emergent reperfusion therapy. However, it should be emphasized that a large number of patients may have ST‐elevation without having acute ST‐elevation acute coronary syndrome, while acute ongoing transmural ischemia due to an abrupt occlusion of an epicardial coronary artery may occur in patients with ST‐elevation less than the thresholds defined by the guidelines. Up‐sloping ST‐segment depression with positive T waves is increasingly recognized as a sign of regional subendocardial ischemia associated with severe obstruction of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Widespread ST‐segment depression, often associated with inverted T waves and ST‐segment elevation in lead aVR during episodes of chest pain, may represent diffuse subendocardial ischemia caused by severe coronary artery disease. In case of hemodynamic compromise, urgent coronary angiography has been increasingly recommended for these patients.     

Viral myocarditis mimicking acute myocardial infarction.

Anecdotal reports have shown that myocarditis can mimic acute myocardial infarction with chest pain, electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities, serum creatine kinase elevation and hemodynamic instability. Thirty-four patients with clinical signs and symptoms consistent with acute myocardial infarction underwent right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy during a 6.5-year period after angiographic identification of normal coronary anatomy. Myocarditis was found on histologic study in 11 of these 34 patients. Cardiogenic shock requiring intraaortic balloon support developed within 6 h of admission in three (27%) of the patients with myocarditis. The mean age of the group with myocarditis was 42 +/- 5 years. A preceding viral illness had been present in six patients (54%). The ECG abnormalities were varied and included ST segment elevation (n = 6), T wave inversions (n = 3), ST segment depression (n = 2) and pathologic Q waves (n = 2). The ECG abnormalities were typically seen in the anterior precordial leads but were diffusely evident in three patients. Left ventricular function was normal in six patients and globally decreased in the remaining five patients, whose ejection fraction ranged from 14% to 45%. Lymphocytic myocarditis was diagnosed in 10 patients, and giant cell myocarditis was detected in the remaining patient. Four patients with impaired left ventricular function received immunosuppressive therapy with prednisone and either azathioprine (n = 2) or cyclosporine (n = 2). All six patients whose left ventricular function was normal on admission remain alive in functional class I. Of the five patients with impaired systolic function, ejection fraction normalized in three of the four patients who received immunosuppressive therapy within 3 months of treatment and in the one patient who received only supportive therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Predictors of myocardial damage prior to hospital admission among patients with acute chest pain or other symptoms raising a suspicion of acute coronary syndrome

AIM: To evaluate factors which, prior to hospital admission, predict the development of acute coronary syndrome or acute myocardial infarction among patients who call for an ambulance due to suspected acute coronary syndrome. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. METHODS: All the patients who called for an ambulance due to suspected acute coronary syndrome in South Hospital's catchment area in Stockholm and in the Municipality of G?teborg between January and November 2000, were included. On arrival of the ambulance crew, a blood sample was drawn for bedside analysis of serum myoglobin, creatine kinase (CK)MB and troponin-I. A 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) was simultaneously recorded. RESULTS: In all, 538 patients took part in the survey. Their mean age was 69 years and 58% were men. In all, 307 patients (57.3%) had acute coronary syndrome and 158 (29.5%) had acute myocardial infarction. Independent predictors of the development of acute coronary syndrome were a history of myocardial infarction (P=0.006), angina pectoris (P=0.005) or hypertension (P=0.017), ECG changes with ST elevation (P<0.0001), ST depression (P<0.0001) or T-wave inversion (P=0.012) and the elevation of CKMB (P=0.005). Predictors of acute myocardial infarction were being a man (P=0.011), ECG changes with ST elevation (P<0.0001) or ST depression (P<0.0001), the elevation of CKMB (P<0.0001) and a short interval between the onset of symptoms and blood sampling (P=0.010). CONCLUSION: Among patients transported by ambulance due to suspected acute coronary syndrome, predictors of myocardial damage can be defined prior to hospital admission on the basis of previous history, sex, ECG changes, the elevation of biochemical markers and the interval from the onset of symptoms until the ambulance reaches the patient.     

Utility of the prehospital electrocardiogram in diagnosing acute coronary syndromes: the Myocardial Infarction Triage and Intervention (MITI) project

Objectives. We sought to determine whether the prehospital electrocardiogram (ECG) improves the diagnosis of an acute coronary syndrome.Background. The ECG is the most widely used screening test for evaluating patients with chest pain.Methods. Prehospital and in-hospital ECGs were obtained in 3,027 consecutive patients with symptoms of suspected acute myocardial infarction, 362 of whom were randomized to prehospital versus hospital thrombolysis and 2,665 of whom did not participate in the randomized trial. Prehospital and hospital records were abstracted for clinical characteristics and diagnostic outcome.Results. ST segment and T and Q wave abnormalities suggestive of myocardial ischemia or infarction were more common on both the prehospital and hospital ECGs of patients with as compared with those without acute coronary syndromes (p ≤ 0.00001). Those with prehospital thrombolysis were more likely to show resolution of ST segment elevation by the time of hospital admission (14% vs. 5% in patients treated in the hospital, p = 0.004). In patients not considered for prehospital thrombolysis, both persistent and transient ST segment and T or Q wave abnormalities discriminated those with from those without acute coronary ischemia or infarction. Compared with ST segment elevation on a single ECG, added consideration of dynamic changes in ST segment elevation between serial ECGs improved the sensitivity for an acute coronary syndrome from 34% to 46% and reduced specificity from 96% to 93% (both p < 0.00004). Overall, compared with abnormalities observed on a single ECG, consideration of serial evolution in ST segment, T or Q wave or left bundle branch block (LBBB) abnormalities between the prehospital and initial hospital ECG improved the diagnostic sensitivity for an acute coronary syndrome from 80% to 87%, with a fall in specificity from 60% to 50% (both p < 0.000006).Conclusions. ECG abnormalities are an early manifestation of acute coronary syndromes and can be identified by the prehospital ECG. Compared with a single ECG, the additional effect of evolving ST segment, T or Q waves or LBBB between serially obtained prehospital and hospital ECGs enhanced the diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes, but with a fall in specificity.     

aVR导联ST段抬高对急性前壁心肌梗死的预后价值研究

目的探讨aVR导联ST段抬高对急性前壁心肌梗死患者的预后价值。方法根据心电图aVR导联ST段变化将84例急性前壁心肌梗死患者分为ST段抬高组（A组,44例）及ST段无抬高组（B组,40例）,对比分析两组患者的心电图和冠状动脉造影（CAG）及心血管事件发生率。结果 （1）梗死相关血管为左主干病变的A组9例（20.45%）与B组1例（2.50%）,两组统计有显著性差异（P〈0.05）;（2）梗死相关血管为三支病变的A组27例（61.36%）与B组10例（25.00%）,两组统计有显著性差异（P〈0.05）;（3）发生心血管事件的A组10例（22.73%）与B组3例（7.50%）,两组统计有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论 aVR导联ST段抬高对急性前壁心肌梗死患者预后有重要预测价值,应高度重视。     

Relationship of prior myocardial infarction to false-positive electrocardiographic diagnosis of acute injury in patients with chest pain

Prompt management of patients suffering acute myocardial infarction requires accurate early diagnosis based on the electrocardiogram. To assess the predictive value of ST segment elevation and ST segment depression (both greater than or equal to 0.1 mV) for the diagnosis of evolving myocardial infarction, we studied 100 consecutive patients admitted to the coronary care unit of The New York Hospital with at least 30 minutes of chest pain. Of 31 patients with ST segment elevation, 26 patients (84%) evolved myocardial infarction (positive test results for serum creatine phosphokinase-MB isoenzyme fraction), while only 13 (48%) of 27 patients with ST segment depression had myocardial infarctions. Among patients with ST segment elevations with a history of prior myocardial infarction, only five (50%) of ten evolved myocardial infarction, compared with 21 of 21 with no prior infarction. False-positive diagnoses of acute injury were due to ST elevation in the area of prior Q wave infarction. Prior myocardial infarction did not alter the lower predictive value of ST segment depression for evolving infarction. We conclude that patients presenting with chest pain and ST segment elevation have approximately twice the likelihood of myocardial infarction than patients with ST segment depression; incorporation of historic information regarding prior myocardial infarction can improve the predictive value of ST segment elevations to 100% but does not improve prediction with ST segment depressions.     

Clinical significance of ST-segment elevation in lead V1 in patients with acute inferior wall Q-wave myocardial infarction

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to determine the clinical significance of ST-segment elevation in the precordial leads (leads V1 and V2) in acute Q-wave inferior wall myocardial infarction. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred fifty-eight consecutive patients with acute Q-wave inferior wall myocardial infarction were classified into 3 groups on the basis of the initial ST-change in V1 (group 1 = 29 patients with ST elevation, group 2 = 97 patients with ST depression, and group 3 = 32 patients with no ST-segment change). The right coronary artery was the infarct-related artery in all the patients in group 1. Although there was no significant difference between groups 1 and 2, the number of left ventricular asynergic segments was larger and the incidence of major in-hospital arrhythmias was higher in groups 1 and 2 compared with group 3. Patients in group 1 had a significantly higher incidence of proximal lesion (86%) and right ventricular infarction (69%) than the other 2 groups did. When ST elevation in leads V1 and V2 was considered, 14 of 15 patients (93%) with ST elevation only in V1 had right ventricular infarction, whereas 6 of 14 patients (43%) with ST elevation in both V1 and V2 had right ventricular infarction (P =.011). CONCLUSIONS: ST-segment elevation in V1 on admission in patients with acute Q-wave inferior wall myocardial infarction indicates a right coronary artery lesion associated with a larger infarct size and a higher incidence of major in-hospital arrhythmias.     

肢体导联ST段改变对急性前壁心肌梗死患者冠脉闭塞部位的预测价值

目的：结合冠状动脉造影结果分析肢体导联ST段改变对判断急性前壁心肌梗死患者冠脉闭塞部位的预测价值。方法入选84例因急性前壁梗死行冠状动脉造影检查的患者,对其发病后心电图肢体导联ST段改变的情况进行分析。结果冠状动脉造影发现,前降支近端病变（伴或不伴远端病变）,肢体导联Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF多表现为ST段压低≥0．1 mV;前降支远端病变（不伴近端病变）,肢体导联Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF的ST段多表现为抬高或无明显压低。结论对于急性前壁心肌梗死患者,心电图肢体导联ST段改变可以预测冠状动脉闭塞部位,对早期诊断和治疗方案选择有一定的指导意义。