Th1/Th2 imbalance in HCV-related liver cirrhosis

The mechanism by which Hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection promotes the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is not known exactly. HCV related HCC occurs frequency in the patients with cirrhosis. There have been reports indicating that Th2-type cytokines down-regulated antitumor immunity, and the activation of type 1 T cell responses produced antitumor immunity. We thought Th1/Th2 imbalance in HCV-related liver cirrhosis might be closely related to the development of HCC. In this study, therefore, we investigated the Th1/Th2 balance at the single lymphocyte level of the patients with HCV-related liver cirrhosis and compared with normal controls by using flow cytometry. Th1-type cytokines(IFN-gamma, IL-2) production was significantly decreased in patients with cirrhosis, whereas Th2-type cytokine production(IL-10) was increased. These suggest Th1/Th2 imbalance in HCV-related cirrhosis would decrease the antitumor immunity and its improvement might present the protective effect from HCC.     

Expression of NOS–2, COX–2 and Th1/Th2 cytokines in migraine

Nitric oxide (NO) probably plays an important role in the pathogenesis of migraine without aura (MWA). As the activation of NO–ergic cascade has been shown to be closely linked to cyclooxygenase pathway and to cause some differences in peripheral blood lymphocyte populations, we investigated if the Th1/Th2 balance in peripheral blood of MWA patients was affected in comparison to controls. Twenty–six MWA patients and 10 healthy controls (C) were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were taken at baseline (T0) and during an induced migraine attack (T1). Total RNA from human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) was isolated and reverse–transcribed to prepare complementary DNA. COX–2, NOS–2 and β–actin were amplified using PCR. PBLs from patients and controls were stimulated with phorbol 12–myristate 13–acetate plus ionomycin in the presence of brefeldin A. Cells were surface–stained with fluorochrome–conjugated anti–CD3 and anti–CD8 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and intracellularly stained with fluorochrome– conjugated anti–IFN–γ or anti–IL–4 mAbs. The level of cytokine expression was analyzed by gating on the CD4+ lymphocyte subset. Th1 and Th2 type cytokines (IFN–γ, IL–2, IL–4) were directly assayed in serum by ELISA. Preliminary results indicate that NOS–2 was upregulated in MWA patients at basal time if compared to controls, whereas after NOD administration NOS–2 was significantly decreased. COX–2 was upregulated in MWA patients at basal time and it had an opposite trend after NOD administration. The homeostatic Th1/Th2 balance defined by the IFN–γ or IL–4 cytokine expression was unchanged in MWA patients in comparison to controls, and NOD administration did not affect that pattern. The cell activation machinery was not altered after mitogenic activation, as shown by CD69 expression level. Cytokine serum levels showed no significant changes in all studied situations. This study confirms the relevance of the NOS/COX system in MWA but, in contrast with previous studies, excludes their effect and activation on peripheral cytokine production. More sophisticated experimental models are needed to investigate the ability of NOS/COX to activate migraine pain.     

腹腔镜下卵巢型子宫内膜异位囊肿剥除术后T辅助细胞1/T辅助细胞2的动态漂移

目的 研究腹腔镜下卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剥除术后Th1(T辅助细胞1)、Th2(T辅助细胞2)各细胞因子的动态变化.方法 2009年7月～2011年8月收住宁夏医科大学附属医院妇科行腹腔镜下卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剥除术并经术后病理证实诊断的患者36人,ELISA法检测手术前2d、术后2h、术后72 h血清的IL-2(白介素2)、IL-4(白介素4)、IL-6(白介素6)、IL-10(白介素10)、TNF-α(肿瘤坏死因子α)及IFN-γ(干扰素γ)表达变化.结果 IFN-γ在术后2h下降明显,术后72 h复又升高,且升高程度与术后2h以及术前相比均有统计学差异;IL-4、IL-6在术后2h升高明显,术后72 h下降,且下降程度与术后2h以及术前相比均有统计学差异;IFN-γ/IL-4比值在术后2h下降,与术前相比有统计学差异,而术后72 h比值升高,与术后2h及术前均有统计学差异.结论 腹腔镜下卵巢型子宫内膜异位囊肿剥除术有利于纠正Th2漂移,破坏了有利于异位内膜生长的免疫环境.     

Th1/Th2 cross-regulation and the discovery of IL-10

In the late 1980s, Tim Mosmann and colleagues isolated functionally distinct T helper (Th)-1 and Th2 clones, and provided evidence that these two subsets were mutually inhibitory. Knowledge of the inhibition led to the discovery that Th2 cells make IL-10 to suppress Th1 cells.     

肝细胞肝癌病人Th1/Th2免疫评估

目的 通过检测135例原发性肝癌（PLC）患者手术前后血清IL-2、IL-4、IL-10、IFN-γ、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α水平,并与30例健康查体者（对照组）进行对照分析,观察肝细胞癌病人免疫功能改变并进一步结合临床病理学指标,分析免疫功能变化对临床诊断的指导意义.方法 肝癌病人在术前和术后10d、20d、30d抽取清晨空腹静脉血,对照组在体检合格后抽取空腹静脉血,ELISA技术检测血清IL-2、IL-4、IL-10、IFN-γ、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α浓度.结果 肝癌患者IL-2含量平均为98.2pg/ml,较对照组明显降低（p〈0.05）;IL-4、IL-10含量肝癌组为114.8±27.3 pg/ml和65.6 pg/ml,均明显高于正常对照组（p〈0.01）; TNF-α、IFN-γ血浆含量在肝癌组分别为153.3 pg/ml和89.0 pg/ml,与正常对照组比较均具有显著差异（P〈0.01）.IL-2、TNF-α血清含量在Ⅱ、Ⅲ期肝癌患者均低于Ⅰ期（p〈0.01）,IL-4、IL-10 血浆含量随着病情进展逐渐升高,呈现III期〉II期〉I期趋势,其差异具有显著意义;PHCⅡ、Ⅲ期患者IFN-r含量与Ⅰ期患者间比较差异有显著性.手术后 IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF-α呈逐渐升高趋势,术后20天起血浆浓度与术前血浆浓度相比即具有明显差异（p〈0.05）,术后30天即基本接近正常水平,与术前、术后10天相比具有显著统计学意义（p〈0.05）;IL-4、IL-10呈现逐渐降低趋势,术后20天、术后30天与术前相比其差异具有显著统计学意义（p〈0.05,p〈0.01）.结论 肝癌病人免疫功能失衡,出现Th1/Th2漂移,表现为IL-2、IL-4、TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-10等指标明显改变,并且与肿瘤的分期有关,可作为判断肿瘤分期指标之一.手术切除肿瘤在一定程度上可促进患者免疫失衡的恢复,但手术、麻醉等大的损伤可进一步加重病人的免疫失衡,故不能完全切除病灶者,手术适应症的选择需慎重.     

Th1 and Th2 cytokine responses to academic stress.

Predominant Th2 profiles are associated with the worsening of asthma, and stress is speculated to induce a Th2 profile. The goals of this study were to examine the responses of the cytokines Th1 (IFN-gamma and IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6) to a stressor and to look at the relationships between cytokine and psychological responses. Twenty-four students with and without a history of asthma completed questionnaires and gave blood samples during nonexam and exam periods. Cytokines were measured by ELISA from supernatants of stimulated mononuclear cells (MNC) and whole blood. During examinations, there were a significant decrease in IL-2 and a significant increase in IL-6 production (both cultures) and a significant decrease in IFN-gamma production (MNC cultures). Baseline IL-2 levels showed significant negative correlations with several stress and mood scores. Findings of this study indicate a down-regulation of Th1 and a selective up-regulation of Th2 cytokines during a stressful exposure.     

Th1/Th2细胞功能变化在婴幼儿毛细支气管炎中的意义

目的：通过观察婴幼儿毛细支气管炎中T辅助细胞Th1/Th2细胞的功能变化，探讨其在毛细支气管炎中的意义。方法：采用ELISA方法测定毛细支气管炎、非喘息性肺炎患儿外周血中干扰素γ（IFN-γ）、白介素4（IL-4）、血清IgE的浓度。结果：（1）毛细支气管炎患儿IL-4的水平显著高于非喘息性肺炎患儿（M=1.66pg·mL^-1，p5=0.05pg·mL^-1，p95=35.46pg·mL^-1）/（M=0.55pg·mL^-1，p5=0.10，p95=21.71pg·mL^-1）（P〈0.05）。（2）IFN-γ在毛细支气管炎中的水平低于非喘息性肺炎，（M=5.93pg·mL^-1，p5=0.59pg·mL^-1，p95=278.93pg·mL^-1）/（M=18.17pg·mL^-1，p5=0.08pg·mL^-1，p95=495.4pg·mL^-1），差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。（3）毛细支气管炎患儿IgE的浓度略高于非喘息性肺炎，（M=71.24，p5=2.35pg·mL^-1，p95=867.13IU·mL^-1）/M=19.58，p5=3.68pg·mL^-1，p95=211.90IU·mL^-1），但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：婴幼儿毛细支气管炎中可能存在Th2优势反应。     

Th1及Th2型细胞的变化与子宫内膜异位症相关性研究

目的 从免疫学角度探讨Th1及Th2型细胞的变化与子宫内膜异位症(EM)的关系.方法 应用流式细胞技术检测40例 EM 及40 例对照组外周血中Th1/Th2型细胞的百分比.结果 EM 组外周血中,Th1型细胞较对照组显著降低(P<0.05);而Th2型细胞较对照组显著升高(P<0.05);EM组Ⅲ～Ⅳ期患者外周血中,...     

Th1/Th2细胞因子在强直性脊柱炎中的表达及其意义

目的 探讨Th1/Th2细胞因子网络在强直性脊柱炎(As)中的变化及其意义.方法 采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法测定AS患者血清和关节液Th1/Th2型细胞因子TNF-α、IL-17、IL-10和IL-4的水平,并与正常对照组比较.结果 AS患者血清TNF-α、IL-17和IL-10水平均显著高于正常对照组,IL-4的水平显著低于正常对照组;AS患者关节液TNF-α、IL-17和IL-4的水平显著高于血清水平.结论 AS患者血清Th1/Th2型细胞因子表达存在异常,为Th1优势型.     

系统性红斑狼疮患者th1/th2失衡的研究

目的探讨系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)病人th1/th2的失衡状况。方法利用三荧光标记法流式细胞术检测抗细胞表面抗原,抗细胞因子。检测出CD4+干扰素(IFN)-γ+白细胞介素(IL)4-及CD4+IFN-γ-IL-4+细胞作为Thl及Th2细胞,从单细胞水平研究初发SLE患者Thl/Th2平衡。结果未用药治疗的SLE病人其Thl细胞明显低于正常对照组(P=0.02)。31例SLE患者按Thl/Th2可分成两组,Thl/Th2降低组与Thl/Th2升高组。Thl/Th2降低组其Thl细胞的降低十分明显。Thl/Th2升高组中Thl细胞仅轻度下降。结论Thl型反应与Th2型反应均参与了SLE的发病。不同患者可能免疫系统的异常并不同。     

辛夷单药对支气管哮喘患者Th1／Th2免疫平衡的影响研究

目的探讨中药辛夷单味方剂对支气管哮喘患者Th1／Th2免疫平衡的影响及辅助治疗作用。方法64例支气管哮喘患者,随机分为治疗组及对照组,两组患者给与相同的抗炎、抗过敏、扩张支气管治疗,干预组另给与辛夷饮剂每日1次,2周后观察两组患者临床治疗效果,外周血Th1、Th2细胞及白细胞介素4（IL-4）、γ干扰素（IFN-γ）表达水平变化。结果治疗组临床有效率高于对照组,治疗组治疗后血清Th1升高,Th2降低,Th1／Th2降低,IL-4表达水平降低,IFN-γ表达水平升高,且与对照组相比,有显著差异。结论辛夷单味中药能够改善支气管哮喘患者TH1／Th2免疫失衡及炎性介质表达,发挥对支气管哮喘的辅助治疗作用。     

SLAT regulates Th1 and Th2 inflammatory responses by controlling Ca2+/NFAT signaling

SWAP-70-like adapter of T cells (SLAT) is a novel guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho GTPases that is upregulated in Th2 cells, but whose physiological function is unclear. We show that SLAT(-/-) mice displayed a developmental defect at one of the earliest stages of thymocyte differentiation, the double-negative 1 (DN1) stage, leading to decreased peripheral T cell numbers. SLAT(-/-) peripheral CD4(+) T cells demonstrated impaired TCR/CD28-induced proliferation and IL-2 production, which was rescued by the addition of exogenous IL-2. Importantly, SLAT(-/-) mice were grossly impaired in their ability to mount not only Th2, but also Th1-mediated lung inflammatory responses, as evidenced by reduced airway neutrophilia and eosinophilia, respectively. Levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokine in the lungs were also markedly reduced, paralleling the reduction in pulmonary inflammation. This defect in mounting Th1/Th2 responses, which was also evident in vitro, was traced to a severe reduction in Ca(2+) mobilization from ER stores, which consequently led to defective TCR/CD28-induced translocation of nuclear factor of activated T cells 1/2 (NFATc1/2). Thus, SLAT is required for thymic DN1 cell expansion, T cell activation, and Th1 and Th2 inflammatory responses.     

神经肽Y及Th1/Th2细胞与多发性硬化

目的:近年来国内外有关神经肽Y在免疫学上的作用以及Th1/Th2它们的平衡与免疫性疾病(如多发性硬化)之间的关系的研究较多。另外还有许多基本的问题需要深入探讨:神经肽Y作用于免疫系统的确切机制是什么?多发性硬化等自身免疫性疾病,他们的交感神经系统活性异常增高或很低,神经肽Y对他们的作用又是什么?资料来源:应用计算机检索Medline1994-09/2004-09与神经肽Y,Th1/Th2和多发性硬化相关文章,检索词“neuropeptideY,Th1/Th2cell,Multiplesclerosis,并限定文章语言种类为English。同时计算机检索CNBI1994-09/2004-09期间的文章,限定文章语言种类为中文,检索词“神经肽Y,Th1/Th2,多发性硬化”。资料选择:就检索到的160余篇文献进行筛选,选择以神经肽Y,Th1/Th2细胞为主要研究内容的文献20多篇,无论研究对象为动物还是患者全部纳入,其中研究内容相似的,以近3年且发表在较权威杂志者优先,排除综述类文献。资料提炼:将筛选到的20余篇文献按神经肽Y结构、功能和免疫性疾病关系分类:其中1篇与神经肽Y的结构相关,10篇与神经肽Y及Th细胞的功能相关,9篇与他们和免疫性疾病的关系有关。资料综合:20篇文献共包括730例患者(或实验动物),说明了神经肽Y能影响Th1/Th2细胞的平衡,它能促进Th2细胞分泌白细胞介素4,抑制Th1细胞分泌γ-干扰素,从而可能抑制多发性硬化的发生。结论:Th1/Th2的平衡紊乱可促进多发性硬化的发病,神经肽Y可调节Th1/Th2细胞平衡,与多发性硬化的发病之间有着密切的相关性。     

Th_1/Th_2细胞的免疫功能变化与抗肿瘤免疫

Th1和Th2细胞所诱导的免疫反应能互相调节。在正常生理条件下,Th1/Th2细胞的免疫功能处于动态平衡,一旦这种平衡发生偏离,机体将趋向疾病状态。     

狼疮性肾炎患者Th1／Th2细胞因子的研究

目的探讨狼疮性肾炎患者的发病与Th1／Th2优势活化状态之间的关系。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法（FLISA）测定32名狼疮性肾炎患者和10名健康人PBMC培养上清白细胞介素-4（IL-4）,白细胞介素-10（IL—10）,干扰素-γ,（IFN-γ）和白细胞介素-2（IL-2）水平。结果活动期狼疮性肾炎患者IL-4、IL-10水平明显高于非活动期、正常对照组,差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。活动期狼疮性肾炎患者IL-2水平明显低于非活动期、正常对照组。差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。IFN-γ水平3组间无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论Th2细胞因子介导的免疫应答在活动期狼疮性肾炎的发病机制中占主导地位,活动期狼疮性肾炎患者Th1细胞因子的细胞活化降低。     

SLE患者T细胞亚群功能紊乱与Th1、Th2细胞因子偏移的研究

目的 :探讨系统性红斑狼疮 (SLE)患者细胞因子表达异常与细胞免疫功能紊乱的机制。方法 :用流式细胞仪根据直接免疫荧光法分别测定病例组与对照组T细胞表面标志CD3 ,CD4,CD8的表达情况。用微量反应板根据酶联免疫吸附测定法分别测定病例组与对照组血清IL - 2及IL - 6水平。结果 :SLE患者CD3 + CD4+ 细胞较正常对照组明显降低 (P <0 0 1) ,CD3 + CD8+ 细胞较正常对照组明显增加 (P <0 0 1) ,CD4+ T/CD8+ T细胞比例倒置 ;血清IL - 2水平较正常对照组明显降低 (P <0 0 1) ,而血清IL - 6水平较正常对照组明显增高 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :SLE患者体内细胞免疫功能紊乱是介导免疫调节紊乱的主要因素 ,CD4+ T/CD8+ T细胞比例倒置 ,而CD4+ T细胞水平明显降低 ,其Th1,Th2细胞功能也表现明显偏移 ,以Th2细胞亢进为主 ,产生大量Th2细胞因子 ,介导免疫调节反应 ,致B淋巴细胞活跃产生大量自身抗体及免疫球蛋白。同时 ,CD8+ T细胞功能亢进 ,CTL细胞参与机体组织损伤 ,进一步导致免疫紊乱及免疫病理损伤加重