Potential role of magnetic resonance imaging and other modalities in ductal carcinoma in situ detection

Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) is the earliest form of ductal cancer, with a high rate of care if treated early. This article outlines the use of breast imaging in DCIS diagnosis, including mammography, MR imaging, and nuclear medicine studies. While MR imaging and nuclear medicine show great promise in DCIS diagnosis, mammography remains the mainstay of DCIS detection by the presence of microcalcifications in early tumors on the mammogram.     

乳腺病变动态增强MRI、乳腺摄影片、超声、病理对照研究

目的比较动态增强MRI、乳腺摄影片、超声对乳腺病变,尤其是乳腺癌的诊断价值。方法对30例乳腺病变的61个病灶的三种影像学检查手段与病理结果相对照,计算每种检查方法的灵敏度、特异度等指标并两两比较。结果超声、乳腺X线摄影、动态增强MRI对61个乳腺病灶的诊断灵敏度、特异度分别为:41.2%、84.6%,35.3%、87.2%,94.1%、94.9%;超声、乳腺X线摄影联合检查的灵敏度、特异度为47.6%、85.4%。动态增强MRI与乳腺摄影诊断正确率的差别有统计学意义(χ2=32.378,P=0.000);乳腺摄影和超声间的差别无统计学意义(χ2=0.569,P=0.451)。结论对乳腺病变的检查,动态增强MRI较X线摄影和超声的诊断效果更好。     

MR imaging: its current and potential utility in the diagnosis and management of breast cancer

The rapid evolution of the treatment of breast cancer has been paralleled by a similar rapid improvement in the imaging of breast cancer. High-resolution contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the breast has recently emerged as a sensitive instrument for the detection of breast cancer. The sensitivity of MR imaging makes it an excellent tool in specific clinical situations, such as the detection of local recurrence in patients who have received breast-conservation therapy. Furthermore, MR imaging of the breast has the potential to be a powerful aid in presurgical planning and to be a useful adjunct to mammography in selected patients. MR imaging, however, has a significant false-positive rate, is not readily available in all areas, and is more expensive than mammography and sonography. It also remains unclear if alterations of management plans based on MR imaging findings actually benefit affected patients. Therefore rigorous clinical trials are needed to define precisely the exact role that MR imaging should play in the diagnosis and management of breast cancer patients.     

超声“萤火虫”技术联合X线钼靶摄影可提高乳腺导管内原位癌的检出率

  目的  探讨超声“萤火虫”技术与X线钼靶摄影对乳腺导管内原位癌(DCIS)的临床应用价值。  方法  选取2019年12月~ 2021年12月收治的疑似乳腺导管内原位癌患者98例作为研究对象。98例患者均在本院行手术治疗,术前均行超声“萤火虫”技术及X线钼靶检查,统计两种检查对乳腺导管内原位癌的检出情况,以病理诊断作为金标准,对两种影像学检查方式进行对比,比较单一检查与联合检查的诊断价值。  结果  98例乳腺导管内原位癌患者均为单发病灶,良性病变59例,恶性病变39例。超声“萤火虫”技术对乳腺导管内原位癌诊断的敏感度较X线钼靶高(71.8% vs 61.5%),特异性较X线钼靶低(66.1% vs 76.3%),但两者对乳腺DCIS的诊断价值差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。超声“萤火虫”技术联合X线钼靶对乳腺DCIS诊断的敏感度、特异性和准确度分别为92.3%、91.5%及91.8%,均高于单纯超声“萤火虫”技术诊断(71.8%、66.1%、68.4%)和单纯X线钼靶(61.5%、76.3%、70.4%),差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。  结论  超声“萤火虫”技术联合X线钼靶摄影在诊断乳腺DCIS时具有较高敏感度、特异性和准确度,有助于提高乳腺DCIS的诊断准确率,为临床诊断提供更多价值。      

MR imaging for assessment of breast cancer response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Contrast-enhanced MR imaging is being used increasingly because of its high sensitivity to breast cancer and superior ability to demonstrate the extent and distribution of disease. In addition to this direct clinical use, MR imaging in the neoadjuvant treatment setting allows exploration of its potential value in quantifying primary tumor response. The high sensitivity and staging accuracy of MR imaging may yield more accurate classification of objective tumor response using RECIST criteria than clinical examination or mammography. Functional measurements hold the promise of greater sensitivity for detecting biologic effects of targeted treatments than simple anatomic methods.     

102例乳腺导管原位癌的钼靶和MRI表现分析

目的 探讨钼靶和MR检查对乳腺导管原位癌（DCIS）的诊断价值。方法 收集经手术病理证实为乳腺DCIS的99例患者（102个病灶）,术前均接受钼靶和MR检查。分析钼靶和MRI图像,计算2种检查方法的检出率,分析漏诊原因。结果 102个病灶中,钼靶检出88个,检出率为86.27%（88/102）;MRI检出99个,检出率为97.06%（99/102）;二者联合的检出率为100%。钼靶漏诊的14个病灶中6个为高级别DCIS,4个伴微浸润,MRI漏诊的3个病灶均为非高级别DCIS。结论 在乳腺DCIS的诊断中,虽然钼靶发现钙化有优势,但MRI在诊断高危导管原位癌中具有优势。     

Diagnostic performance of mammography and magnetic resonance imaging for evaluating mammographically visible breast masses

ObjectiveWe compared the diagnostic values of mammography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for evaluating breast masses.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed mammography, MRI, and histopathological data for 377 patients with breast masses on mammography, including 73 benign and 304 malignant masses.ResultsThe sensitivities and negative predictive values (NPVs) were significantly higher for MRI compared with mammography for detecting breast cancer (98.4% vs. 89.8% and 87.8% vs. 46.6%, respectively). The specificity and positive predictive values (PPV) were similar for both techniques. Compared with mammography alone, mammography plus MRI improved the specificity (67.1% vs. 37.0%) and PPV (91.8% vs. 85.6%), but there was no significant difference in sensitivity or NPV. Compared with MRI alone, the combination significantly improved the specificity (67.1% vs. 49.3%), but the sensitivity (88.5% vs. 98.4%) and NPV (58.3% vs. 87.8%) were reduced, and the PPV was similar in both groups. There was no significant difference between mammography and MRI in terms of sensitivity or specificity among 81 patients with breast masses with calcification.ConclusionBreast MRI improved the sensitivity and NPV for breast cancer detection. Combining MRI and mammography improved the specificity and PPV, but MRI offered no advantage in patients with breast masses with calcification.     

超声对致密型乳腺疾病的诊断价值

目的 探讨超声在致密型乳腺疾病中的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析115例致密型乳腺患者和304例非致密型乳腺患者的超声声像图表现,并与其钼靶X线检查结果和病理结果相比较,统计分析超声对致密型乳腺疾病的检出率和诊断准确率.结果 超声对致密型、非致密型乳腺中的病灶检出率分别为96.3%、98.3%,均显著高于钼靶(36.0%、...     

ROC方法评价高频彩超、超声弹性成像及钼靶X线在乳腺病变鉴别诊断中的价值

目的：比较高频彩超、超声弹性成像及钼靶X线对乳腺良恶性病变进行鉴别诊断的价值.材料与方法：回顾分析经病理证实的59例乳腺肿块的高频彩超、钼靶X线、超声弹性成像及高频彩超与弹性成像联合诊断结果的敏感性、特异性、准确性,并对诊断结果进行ROC分析.结果：超声弹性成像诊断乳腺良恶性病灶的准确性93.24％、敏感性89.6％、特异性90.6％,略高于钼靶X线的89.9％、89.7％和84.4％.高频超声诊断乳腺肿块良恶性具有较高的敏感性（75.9％）但特异性较差（62.5％）.高频彩超＋弹性成像组合得到最高的敏感性93.1％,但特异性提高不明显,仅为65.6％.超声弹性成像的AUC值0.958,高于钼靶X线、高频彩超和高频彩超＋弹性成像三者的AUC值（0.921、0.827和0.887）,弹性成像与高频彩超和二者结合的AUC之间的差异具有统计学意义（P=0.0077、0.0416）.结论：超声弹性成像对乳腺病变诊断具有较高的敏感性和特异性,与高频超声联合应用能够明显提高超声检查在乳腺良恶性病变中的鉴别诊断准确性.     

乳腺X线摄影、超声及磁共振诊断乳腺癌的性能评价

目的:探讨乳腺X线摄影、超声及MRI诊断乳腺癌的临床价值。方法:选取我院2011年7月-2017年6月乳腺病变患者129例,年龄26~75岁,平均(45.0±8.2)岁。所有患者均在1月内接受过乳腺X线摄影、超声及MRI检查,并对其诊断结果进行分析,比较阳性预测值(PPV)、阴性预测值(NPV)、准确性、灵敏度、特异度、ROC曲线及ROC曲线下面积(AUC)。结果:乳腺X线摄影、超声诊断乳腺癌的PPV和NPV均低于MRI (89.5%和98.1%)。MRI诊断乳腺癌的准确性(93.0%)、灵敏度(98.6%)、AUC(0.938)显著高于乳腺X线摄影的准确性(72.9%)、灵敏度(85.5%)、AUC(0.806)和超声的准确性(73.6%)、灵敏度(71.0%)、AUC(0.814)(P<0.000 1)。结论:MRI诊断乳腺癌的准确性、灵敏度、AUC均高于乳腺X线摄影及超声,MRI在诊断及鉴别乳腺良恶性肿瘤方面具有较高的临床价值,值得广泛应用。     

The role of magnetic resonance imaging in screening women at high risk of breast cancer

Most women at very high risk of breast cancer because of a mutation in the genes BRCA1 or BRCA2, or a very strong family history of breast cancer, opt for intensive breast screening rather than bilateral prophylactic mastectomy. Annual screening mammography has low sensitivity in this population in part because of the greater breast density and faster tumor growth of younger women, resulting in cancers being detected at a suboptimal stage. In 11 prospective comparative studies, the addition of annual contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast to mammography demonstrated more than 90% sensitivity, more than twice that of mammography alone. False-positive rates were higher with the addition of MRI, but specificity improved on successive rounds of screening. Although survival data are not yet available, the stage distribution of these tumors predicts a significant reduction in breast cancer mortality rate compared with that of screening without MRI. Accordingly, annual MRI plus mammography is now the standard of care for screening women aged 30 years or older who are known or likely to have inherited a strong predisposition to breast cancer (based on the above evidence) and for women who received radiation therapy to the chest before the age of 30 years (based on expert opinion). Further research is necessary to define the optimal screening schedule for different subgroups. Formal studies of other high-risk populations (eg, biopsy showing lobular neoplasia or atypical ductal hyperplasia, dense breasts, and personal history of breast cancer at a young age) should be done before MRI screening is routinely adopted for these women.     

99mTc-奥曲肽显像和X线钼靶诊断乳腺癌

目的 比较99mTc-奥曲肽显像和X线钼靶诊断乳腺癌的临床应用价值. 方法 32例临床怀疑乳腺癌的女性患者,均进行99mTc-奥曲肽显像和X线钼靶摄影,以手术病理结果为标准,比较二者对乳腺癌的诊断效能. 结果 99mTc-奥曲肽显像和X线钼靶摄影诊断乳腺癌的灵敏度分别为91.67%、66.67%(χ2=4.54,P<0.05),特异性分别为100%、37.50%(χ2=4.65,P<0.05),准确性分别为93.75%、59.38%(χ2=10.54,P<0.05),阳性预测值分别为100%、76.19%(χ2=5.93,P<0.05),阴性预测值分别为80.00%、27.27%(χ2=3.92,P<0.05).联合两种方法诊断的灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为95.83%、100%、96.88%、82.14%和47.06%. 结论 99mTc-奥曲肽显像对乳腺癌的诊断效能高于X线钼靶摄影,两者联合可进一步提高诊断效能.     

乳腺可视化触诊成像系统在乳腺癌筛查中的应用

目的探讨乳腺可视化触诊成像系统(SureTouch)在乳腺癌筛查中的价值。方法选取2012年12月—2013年12月我院健康体检发现的乳腺肿块患者110例,均经SureTouch、B超、钼靶X线检查。回顾分析其影像检查资料,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,比较3种检查方法的诊断效能。结果经病理证实,110例中乳腺癌63例,良性肿块者47例。ROC曲线下面积SureTouch为0.887,B超为0.863,钼靶X线为0.821。SureTouch检查的灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为0.873、0.766、0.827,检查灵敏度显著高于钼靶X线检查(χ2=2.478,P=0.008),与B超检查比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=4.721,P=0.051);检查特异度低于B超检查(χ2=3.027,P=0.046),与钼靶X线检查比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=4.970,P=0.056);检查准确度显著高于钼靶X线检查(χ2=3.487,P=0.026),与B超检查比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=4.986,P=0.063)。SureTouch联合B超或钼靶X线检查诊断乳腺癌的灵敏度显著高于单一检查。结论 SureTouch有望成为乳腺疾病辅助检查的又一重要手段。SureTouch联合应用B超或钼靶X线检查,可进一步提高早期乳腺癌的诊断灵敏度。     

乳腺肿块MRI：使用SENSE-body线圈检查结果与X线钼靶摄影对比研究

目的：评价SENSE-body线圈用于乳腺临床检查的应用价值。材料与方法：临床触诊阳性乳腺肿块病人30例，33枚肿块，使用SENSE-body线圈进行MRI与钼靶摄影检查。分别将MRI平扫征象、动态增强表现对肿块良恶性的诊断结果与钼靶摄影进行对比。结果：诊断乳腺肿块良恶性的灵敏度、特异度、准确度X线钼靶摄影分别为66.7%，87.5%，81.8%；MRI平扫分别为66.7%，75.0%，72.7%；动态增强分别为88.9%，100%，97%。结论：使用SENSE-body线圈进行乳腺MR检查，在诊断乳腺良恶性肿块方面，可以达到等同乳腺专用线圈的应用效果。     

MR平扫和增强扫描在直肠癌分期的应用价值

目的 通过比较分析MR平扫与增强扫描在直肠癌分期及肿瘤外侵程度判断上的准确性，期望对单纯MR平扫与MR平扫加增强扫描在直肠癌的应用作出评价。方法 收集了1999年9月至2002年5月间临床诊断为直肠癌行MRI直肠检查，并有手术病理结果的病例共33例。采用MR平扫与薄层增强扫描等多个序列来观察直肠癌的外侵程度与范围。并应用直肠癌的TNM分期标准对MR成像与手术病理结果进行对照分析。结果 直肠癌的分期：在手术及病理诊断肿瘤限于黏膜下层以内的6例T1期肿瘤中MRI作出了准确诊断5例，1例高估为T2期，故其敏感性为100％、特异性为83．3％。其中在平扫T1、T2加权像时有2例认为T2期，但3D薄层增强成像1例作出了准确判断。1例仍判断错误(假阳性)。T3期的23例中，MRI平扫T1和T2加权像时诊断正确的21例。2例假阴性低估为T2期，其敏感性为91．3％，特异性为100％。而有薄层增强扫描的18例病人其诊断均与手术病理结果相符合。敏感性和特异性均为100％。T4期的病例共4例，MRI平扫与增强扫描均与手术及病理所见相符合，其敏感性与特异性均为100％。MRI总的分期准确率为90．9％。结论 MRI平扫加增强扫描对于直肠癌的术前分期及对肿瘤外侵深度的判断有较重要的临床应用价值。     

全数字化乳腺摄影与磁共振检查对乳腺癌诊断的比较影像学研究

目的回顾性分析数字化乳腺摄影(FFDM)与磁共振检查在乳腺癌诊断中的应用价值。方法从2004年7月至2006年7月期间因乳腺肿块在我院接受数字化乳腺摄影及磁共振动态增强检查的患者共93例,与病理组织学对照,分析两种检查对乳腺癌的诊断能力以及乳腺癌的影像学表现特征。结果FFDM诊断乳腺癌敏感度84.48%,特异度80.00%,阳性预测值87.50%,阴性预测值75.68%,准确度为82.80%;多灶性病变检出率55.56%;FFDM簇状钙化灶检出率(29/69)明显高于MRI(7/69)。MRI诊断乳腺癌敏感度94.82%,特异度为97.14%,阳性预测值98.21%,阴性预测值91.89%,准确度为95.69%;多灶性病变检出率83.33%。病灶周围"毛刺征"、环形增强和快进快出型时间～信号曲线为乳腺癌特征性表现。结论FFDM对乳腺微小钙化灶敏感,适用于乳腺癌普查;MRI诊断乳腺癌敏感性、特异性高,是进行乳腺癌术前评价的有效方法。     

乳腺导管原位癌的影像学研究

简要介绍乳腺导管原位癌的病理学特点和影像学表现,包括乳腺X线 摄影检查、乳腺超声检查、乳腺MRI、影像学引导下定位和活检等.强调了乳 腺导管原位癌的检出和诊断必须采用综合影像学的方法.     

Do We Need Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials to Evaluate the Clinical Impact of Breast MR Imaging?

MR imaging of the breast has been shown to identify breast cancers that have gone undetected by mammography. There are a number of potential designs that can be used to further evaluate breast MR imaging, particularly with respect its impact on clinical care. Determination of whether using breast MR imaging to screen healthy individuals for breast cancer actually reduces breast cancer-specific mortality--and whether this can be accomplished at an acceptable cost--probably requires randomized, controlled clinical.     

乳腺癌超声、MRI、X线征象与分子分型的相关性

超声、MRI、X线是临床对乳腺癌进行诊断、分期及随访的重要方法。随着乳腺癌个体化治疗的发展,乳腺癌各分子分型的划分对治疗方案的选择具有重要参考价值。对影像学检查方法的要求也从依据乳腺影像形态学特征检出乳腺癌发展为利用功能影像学检查对乳腺癌进行更为准确的判断,超声、X线和MRI的乳腺影像学特征与乳腺癌分子分型的相关性逐渐成为研究热点。本文对乳腺癌各分子亚型与超声、MRI、X线特征的相关性进行综述。     

乳腺病变形态和动态增强特征的1.5T磁共振评价

目的应用磁共振分析乳腺良恶性肿瘤的MRI表现和增强动力学特征。方法 114例正常体检和怀疑乳腺病变者分别行1.5TMRI和(或)CR钼靶检查,其中65例患者在MRI检查后一月内行活检或手术治疗,得到117个有相应病理结果的乳腺肿块。观察分析良恶性病灶的形态学及动态造影剂强化MRI特征,并与肿瘤的组织病理学特征相关。结果 (1)良恶性肿瘤的诸项形态学特征相差非常显著(P0.01),29例浸润性导管癌中,9例在MRI增强早期呈环形强化;(2)浸润性乳腺癌的第一分钟强化率75%,而良性肿瘤的第一分钟强化率50%,二者相差显著(P0.05);(3)浸润性乳腺癌总体呈流出型强化曲线倾向,而良性肿瘤和良性病变总体呈线型强化曲线倾向,二者相差显著(P0.05)。结论 (1)MRI可显示乳腺正常解剖和异常病变的形态学特征、增强动力学特征,对乳腺良恶性病变的诊断和鉴别诊断具有重要的价值;(2)MRI是目前检出和诊断浸润性导管癌最敏感的方法,增强早期环形强化是浸润性导管癌的特征性表现;(3)MRI对病变内的微钙化显示及诊断欠佳,须与乳腺钼靶等检查和临床病史相结合。