咪唑安定复合氯胺酮用于小儿基础麻醉的临床研究

目的　研究咪唑安定复合氯胺酮肌注或口服用于小儿基础麻醉的可能性。方法　 80例 1～ 8岁、ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级的患儿随机等分成四组 :A组 ,肌注氯胺酮 6mg/kg ;B组 ,肌注氯胺酮 4mg/kg +口服咪唑安定 0 2mg/kg ;C组 ,口服氯胺酮 5mg/kg +咪唑安定 0 5mg/kg ;D组 ,口服咪唑安定0 7mg/kg。观察各组麻醉诱导效果、循环呼吸变化及不良反应。 结果　 (1)B组与A组相比 ,起效更快 ,术中不良反应发生率更低 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而麻醉诱导效果无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;(2 )C组与A组相比 ,小儿更为合作 (P <0 0 1) ,HR增加不明显 (P >0 0 5 ) ,但起效更慢 (P <0 0 5 ) ,镇静程度不如后者 (P <0 0 5 ) ,但 80 %的患儿尚能与父母分离。结论　咪唑安定复合氯胺酮肌注用于小儿麻醉诱导要优于单纯肌注氯胺酮 ,而咪唑安定复合氯胺酮口服仍不失为一种可行的诱导方法。     

不同全麻诱导方式对老年冠心病患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术的血流动力学及CSI的影响

目的:观察不同全麻诱导方式对老年冠心病患者气管插管过程和冲气腹的血流动力学变化及麻醉深度指数(CSI)的影响.方法:选择ASAⅡ～Ⅲ级择期手术的30例冠心病70-80岁患者,据诱导药物不同随机分为3组(每组10例),分别为:Ⅰ组:用咪唑安定0.04mg/kg,异丙酚1.0mg/kg,芬太尼3g/kg,阿曲溴胺0.4mg/kg;Ⅱ组:用依托咪酯0.2mg/kg,异丙酚1.0mg/kg,芬太尼3g/kg,阿曲溴胺0.4mg/kg;Ⅲ组:依托咪酯0.2mg/kg,异丙酚1.0mg/kg,芬太尼4 g/kg,阿曲溴胺0.4mg/kg.3组患者分别记录.诱导前时(T0)、诱导后2min(T1)、喉镜显露声门时(T2)、气管导管插入气管内时(T3)、充气腹5min(T4),MAP、HR、CSI.结果:与T0相比:T1、T2时,各组血压显著下降;T3,T4时,Ⅰ组Ⅱ组血压、心率显著升高.与Ⅰ组相比:Ⅱ组各时点CSI显著下降,各时点血压心率均无明显变化,Ⅲ组CSI显著下降,T3、T4时,心率、血压显著下降.Ⅲ组与Ⅱ组相比:Ⅲ组患者T1、T2、T3、T4时的血压均显著减低;Ⅲ组患者T3、T4时的心率显著下降.结论:冠心病患者在腹腔镜胆囊切除术麻醉诱导时应做到:(1)麻醉诱导要有一定的麻醉深度;(2)麻醉诱导时可适当加大芬太尼的用量;(3)依托咪酯和异丙酚联合应用血流动力学更稳定.     

小儿麻醉诱导前鼻腔滴入咪唑安定或舒芬太尼的效果和安全性

作者选择95例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期手术患儿,其中0.2～2岁30例,2.1～5岁38例,学龄儿童27例.按不同年龄随机分为四组,组Ⅰ(n=24)、组Ⅱ(n=23)于麻醉诱导前鼻腔滴入咪唑安定0.2mg/kg;组Ⅲ(n=24)、组Ⅳ(n=24)鼻腔滴入舒芬太尼2μg/kg;组Ⅲ(n=24)10min后组Ⅰ、Ⅲ吸0.5～4%氟烷,插气管导管;组Ⅱ、Ⅳ静注硫贲妥钠3mg/kg、泮库溴铵0.1mg/kg再吸氟烷诱导插管.四组均用70%N_2O-O_2-氟烷维持麻醉,控制潮气末CO_2分压在35～40mmHg.用改良Wilton氏镇静程度评分法判定患儿行为反应;4级法判定胸壁顺应性并连续测定SpO_2和心率.最后于抱离父母以及诱导前综合上述三项判定效果与安全性为三级:(1)良好:无焦虑,SpO_2>95%,控制通气容易.(2)满意:轻度哭闹,SpO_290～95%,轻度胸壁紧张.(3)欠佳:抱离父母有困难,哭闹,需改麻醉.用药前各组间哭闹率无明显差异.咪唑安定组在     

联合麻醉术中知晓与脑电双频指数关系的分析

目的　探讨硬膜外阻滞复合全身麻醉术中知晓的发生率以及脑电双频指数 (BIS)与镇静深度的关系。方法　选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级的肝癌手术患者 2 40例 ,麻醉方法均为硬膜外阻滞加全麻。分为两组 :异丙酚组 (P组 ,n =12 0 ) ,术前 30分钟肌注苯巴比妥钠 0 1g、阿托品 0 3mg ,诱导用芬太尼 4μg/kg、异丙酚 1 5mg/kg、琥珀胆碱 2mg/kg ,维持用异丙酚 12mg·kg-1·h-1,持续 15分钟后改为 3mg·kg-1·h-1至术毕 ;硫喷妥钠组 (T组 ,n =12 0 ) ,术前 30分钟肌注咪唑安定 0 0 75～ 0 1mg/kg、阿托品 0 3mg ,诱导用硫喷妥钠 6mg/kg替换P组的异丙酚 ,其余药相同 ,维持用 6 0 %的N2 O吸入至术毕。两组均在诱导前 15分钟开始在硬膜外导管内注入 0 5 %布比卡因 4ml。术中持续监测BIS和边缘频率 (SEF)。结果　诱导前两组患者的EEG无差异 ;诱导后 15分钟和 30分钟 ,EEG抑制 ,BIS和SEF均降低 ,组间无差异 ;诱导后 6 0分钟和 12 0分钟 ,P组的BIS和SEF比T组低 (P <0 0 5 )。P组 1例术中知晓。结论　联合麻醉中 ,用BIS监测预防术中知晓的发生缺乏精确性。     

丙泊酚-瑞芬太尼在小儿扁桃体切除术的应用

目的观察丙泊酚-瑞芬太尼在小儿扁桃体切除术中的应用效果。方法30例ASAⅠ级患儿,肌注氯胺酮5mg/kg入睡后,随机分为两组:瑞芬太尼组(R组,n=15)麻醉诱导以咪唑安定0.1mg/kg,瑞芬太尼1.0μg/kg,丙泊酚1.0mg/kg,卡肌宁0.5mg/kg静注,气管插管后行机控呼吸,维持以丙泊酚4.0~9.0mg/(kg·h),瑞芬太尼0.5μg/(kg·min)静脉泵注;常规芬太尼组(F组,n=15)麻醉诱导以咪唑安定0.1mg/kg,芬太尼5.0μg/kg,卡肌宁0.5mg/kg静注,以1%~2%异氟醚维持麻醉。观察并记录麻醉前、插管时、术中及拔管时血压、心率的变化以及手术后苏醒时间、苏醒期呼吸抑制、喉痉挛、呕吐、躁动等不良反应。结果R组病人术中循环波动小,苏醒迅速,术后并发症少。结论丙泊酚-瑞芬太尼的联合应用能安全有效地应用于小儿扁桃体切除术。     

双频指数和听觉诱发电位在监测麻醉深度中的价值

目的　评估脑电双频指数 (BIS)和中潜伏期听觉诱发电位 (MLAEP)在监测麻醉深度中的价值。方法　 2 1例择期手术患者随机分为Ⅰ组 (对照组 ,n =11)和Ⅱ组 (咪唑安定组 ,n =10 ) ,输入复方乳酸钠液 10ml/kg后 ,以 0 4mg·kg-1·min-1的速度静脉推注丙泊酚 2mg/kg ,在诱导第 4分钟注入维库溴铵 0 1mg/kg、芬太尼 2 μg/kg ,Ⅱ组同时注入咪唑安定 0 0 4mg/kg。记录OAA/S镇静评分、收缩压、舒张压、心率、BIS和反映MLAEP的ARX指数 (ARX Index ,AAI)的基础值 ,以及诱导插管时每分钟的数值。结果　 (1)AAI反应时间较BIS显著缩短 (P <0 0 5 ) ;(2 )OAA/S镇静评分与BIS、AAI显著相关 (r =0 86 0 2、0 85 5 0 ,P <0 0 1) ;(3)Ⅱ组注入咪唑安定后 1分钟 ,AAI较Ⅰ组显著下降 (P <0 0 5 ) ;2分钟后 ,BIS较Ⅰ组显著下降 (P =0 0 0 1) ;(4)Ⅰ组的插管反应大于Ⅱ组 ,插管即刻AAI差异显著 (P =0 0 1) ,插管后 1分钟BIS差异显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ;Ⅱ组在插管前后AAI和BIS均无显著差异。结论　 (1)AAI和BIS均能反映镇静程度和插管反应 ,但AAI反应更快 ,趋于实时监测 ;(2 )联合应用咪唑安定诱导可以抑制插管反应     

小儿骶管麻醉中不同镇静方法镇静效果的研究

目的　评价不同镇静方法在小儿骶管麻醉术中镇静的优缺点 ,从而找到一种较为理想的镇静方法。方法　选择 45例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级在骶管麻醉下行择期下腹部、会阴短小手术的患儿 ,体重 9～ 2 4kg。随机分为氟芬合剂对照组 (I)组、咪唑安定 (M )组和异丙酚 (P)组 ,每组 15例。I组 :氟芬合剂 (芬太尼 2 μg/kg) ;M组 :静脉泵注咪唑安定 1.5～ 2 .0 μg/kg·min ;P组 :静脉泵注异丙酚 2 5～ 75 μg/kg·min。每组患儿术中镇静评分在 2～ 4分。 结果　I组镇静效果比M组和P组差 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,呼吸抑制和术后躁动发生率较高。清醒时间I组比M组和P组延长 ,M组比P组延长 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　持续静脉泵注异丙酚或咪唑安定是小儿骶管麻醉术中较为理想的镇静方法。     

不同剂量瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚用于结肠镜诊疗术麻醉效果的比较

目的 比较不同剂量瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚用于结肠镜诊疗术的麻醉效果.方法 择期行结肠镜诊疗术患者90例,年龄35～63岁,体重45～ 72 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,将患者分为3组(n=30):瑞芬太尼0.2 μg/kg组(Ⅰ组)、瑞芬太尼0.5 μg/kg组(Ⅱ组)和瑞芬太尼1.0μg/kg组(Ⅲ组).Ⅰ组-Ⅲ组分别经60s静脉注射瑞芬太尼0.2、0.5和1.0 μg/kg后,静脉注射异丙酚1mg/kg,待患者睫毛反射消失后开始置入结肠镜,检查过程中出现体动反应时,追加瑞芬太尼和异丙酚首剂量的半量.记录手术时间、诱导时间、苏醒时间、离室时间和术中体动反应、心血管事件、低氧血症、呼吸抑制的发生情况.结果 3组手术时间、诱导时间、苏醒时间和离室时间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组体动反应发生率降低,低血压和呼吸抑制发生率升高,Ⅲ组体动反应发生率降低,低血压、心动过缓、低氧血症和呼吸抑制发生率升高(P＜0.05);与Ⅱ组比较,Ⅲ组心动过缓、低氧血症和呼吸抑制发生率升高(P＜0.05).结论 对于结肠镜诊疗术患者,复合异丙酚1mg/kg时瑞芬太尼的适宜剂量是0.5μg/kg.     

异丙酚麻醉诱导期间不同剂量瑞芬太尼对病人气管插管心血管反应的影响

目的比较异丙酚麻醉诱导期间不同剂量瑞芬太尼对病人气管插管心血管反应的影响，寻找瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚气管插管的合适剂量。方法择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术病人36例，ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级，年龄20～65岁，随机分为3组（n=12）：瑞芬太尼1、1．5、2μg／kg分别为复合异丙酚1．5μg／kg组（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组）。依次静脉注射咪唑安定0．03mg／kg、异丙酚1．5mg/kg、维库溴铵0．1mg／kg以及瑞芬太尼麻醉诱导，2min后气管插管，进行机械通气，呼吸频率12次／min，潮气量8～10ml／kg，维持呼气末二氧化碳分压35～45mmHg。持续监测血压（平均动脉压、舒张压、收缩压）、心率（HR）以及听觉诱发电位指数（AAI），并记录病人有无气管插管时呛咳和肌肉强直、术中知晓等反应。结果与基础值比较，三组气管插管前即刻血压及Ⅲ组气管插管后即刻舒张压均降低，Ⅲ组气管插管后即刻血压低于Ⅰ组（P〈0．05）；HR组间及组内比较差异无统计学意义；三组间AAI差异无统计学意义。结论异丙酚1．5mg／kg麻醉诱导期间瑞芬太尼1或1．5μg／kg是病人气管插管时的合适剂量。     

不同静脉麻醉药对听觉诱发电位指数的影响

目的　研究丙泊酚、咪唑安定、硫喷妥钠、氯胺酮麻醉时听觉诱发电位指数 (AEPI)的变化规律。方法　 4 8例择期手术拟行全身麻醉、无听力障碍和严重神经疾患、非颅脑手术病人 ,随机分为四组。Ⅰ组 (14例 )静注丙泊酚 2mg/kg ;Ⅱ组 (13例 )静注咪唑安定 0 2mg/kg ;Ⅲ组 (11例 )静注硫喷妥钠 5mg/kg ;Ⅳ组 (10例 )静注氯胺酮 2mg/kg。随后芬太尼 5 μg/kg、维库溴铵 0 15mg/kg静注 ,肌松满意后气管插管。记录麻醉诱导前、诱导中、诱导后插管前、插管后的HR、BP、SpO2 ,观察整个诱导期AEPI的变化规律。结果　Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组病人用药后AEPI进行性降低至 30以下。降到 30以下的平均时间分别为Ⅰ组 (6 2± 2 5 )分钟、Ⅱ组 (3 2± 1 9)分钟、Ⅲ组 (5 1± 2 6 )分钟 ;Ⅳ组病人AEPI无明显下降。插管后AEPI有上升趋势 ,吸入异氟醚后 (呼出气浓度 >0 8Vol% )能维持AEPI30以下 ;Ⅳ组病人插管后AEPI不稳定。结论　丙泊酚、咪唑安定、硫喷妥钠降低AEPI,而氯胺酮对AEPI无明显影响。AEPI在丙泊酚、咪唑安定、硫喷妥钠麻醉中可作为麻醉深度监测的指标之一。     

异丙酚复合芬太尼静脉麻醉用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床研究

目的:研究异丙酚芬太尼静脉麻醉在腹腔镜胆囊切除术的应用,效果,并与安氟醚吸入麻醉相比较,探索适于短效腹腔镜手术安全有效的静脉麻醉。方法:将22～78岁,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级胆囊择期手术120例,随机分为2组,静脉组和吸入组各60例,静脉组静脉注射异丙酚1.5mg/kg,芬太尼3～5ug/kg,维库溴铵0.06～0.1mg/kg。吸入组用2.5％硫贲妥钠5mg/kg。琥珀胆碱1.5mg/kg,气管内插管持续吸入0.5％～2.5％安氟醚,取出胆囊时均使用阿托品1mg,新斯的明2mg,拮抗残余肌松作用。结果:静脉酚组患者术后苏醒迅速且完全,苏醒后较吸入组患者安静,80％患者术后2h才感觉疼痛,只有20％患者感觉疼痛,术后无需应用镇痛药。结论:异丙酸诱导后心率明显低于吸入组,但大部分患者不用处理,3～5min后恢复正常。异丙酚复合芬太尼静脉麻醉可产生良好的麻醉效应,循环维持稳定,苏醒迅速完全,术后可产生良好的镇痛效果,恶心呕吐发生率低。     

A new method of preemptive analgesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background: Although laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) results in less pain then open cholecystectomy, it is not a pain-free procedure. The aim of this study was to test a new method of preemptive analgesia.Methods: By simple randomization 60 patients were assigned to two groups (30 in each group). Group A, the placebo group, received 200 ml of 0.9% saline, and group B received 5 mg/kg of a local anesthetic solution (ropivacaine) in 200 ml of 0.9% saline. Local anesthetic or placebo solution were administer before creation of the pneumoperitoneum. Results: Pain intensity, as rated by visual analog and verbal rating scales, and stress response data were significantly less in the group receiving ropivacaine than in the placebo group. No patients in treatment group received an additional dose of analgesic, whereas two patients in placebo group needed an additional analgesic. Conclusions: Our results support the clinical validity of preemptive analgesia, but the timing of intraperitoneal administration of local anesthetic is very important. Only application before creation of the pneumoperitoneum may preempt every neuronal central sensitization.     

艾司洛尔对腹腔镜胆囊切除术血流动力学及内分泌的影响

目的:探讨艾司洛尔对腹腔镜手术患者手术期间血流动力学及内分泌的影响。方法:30例全麻下腹腔镜手术患者被随机分为对照组(A组,n=15)和艾司洛尔组(B组,n=15),B组于诱导时经静脉推注艾司洛尔0.5mg/kg,气腹前给予艾司洛尔0.5mg/kg,然后以50μg/kg.m in-1速度持续输注。记录A组与B组患者气腹前(T1)、气腹10m in(T2)、20m in(T3)及放气后10m in(T4)、拔管后(T5)的心率(heart rate,HR)、收缩压(systolic b lood pressure,SBP)、舒张压(d iastolic b lood pressure,DBP)、平均动脉压(m ean arterial pressure,MAP)的改变,同时测定T1~T5血中儿茶酚胺和多巴胺的浓度。结果:A组气腹期间相应时点的SBP、DBP、MAP比T1明显升高(P<0.01);T3时A组儿茶酚胺、多巴胺比T1明显增高(P<0.01),B组上述指标相应时点与T1相比无明显改变。结论:艾司洛尔能很好地稳定气腹引起的血流动力学及内分泌的变化,维持内环境稳定,同时可减少吸入异氟醚最低肺泡有效浓度,缩短拔管时间。     

Randomized clinical trial of granisetron, droperidol and metoclopramide for the treatment of nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy

BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) may be especially at risk of experiencing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of granisetron, droperidol and metoclopramide for the treatment of PONV after LC. METHODS: After experiencing PONV during the first 3 h after recovery from anaesthesia, 120 patients (78 women) received, in a randomized double-blind manner, granisetron 40 microg/kg, droperidol 20 microg/kg or metoclopramide 0.2 mg/kg (n = 40 per group) intravenously. Patients were then observed for 24 h after administration of the study drug. RESULTS: Complete control of established PONV, defined as no emetic symptoms and no need for another rescue antiemetic medication, was achieved in 88 per cent of patients with granisetron, 60 per cent with droperidol and 55 per cent with metoclopramide (P < 0.05). No clinically adverse events were observed in any of the groups. CONCLUSION: A high dose of granisetron (40 microg/kg) was more effective than droperidol 20 microg/kg or metoclopramide 0.2 mg/kg for the treatment of established PONV after LC.     

Lack of pre-emptive analgesic effect of (R)-ketamine in laparoscopic cholecystectomy

AIM: This study evaluated the pre-emptive analgesic effect of intravenous (i.v.) (R)-ketamine in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. (R)-ketamine was used due to the lower incidence of side-effects. METHODS: Sixty patients who underwent surgery under general anesthesia were randomly allocated to 3 groups and studied in a double-blind manner. Two i.v. injections were administered: one after induction of anesthesia, approximately 3 min before surgery, and one after surgery. The placebo group (PLA, n = 20) received saline in both injections. The preoperative group (PRE, n = 20) received (R)-ketamine 1 mg/kg and then saline. The postoperative group (POST, n = 20) received saline and then (R)-ketamine 1 mg/kg. Postoperatively, the patients used a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump. Pain was evaluated with a visual analog scale (VAS) at 30 min and every hour for 4 h and with a verbal rating scale (VRS) at 24 h and after 7 days. RESULTS: There were no occurrence of side-effects from (R)-ketamine. VAS and VRS at 1, 2, 3, and 4 h postoperatively showed no statistical differences. In the POST group, extubation was delayed and pain score (VAS) at 30 min postoperatively was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than the two other groups. There were no statistical differences in meperidine consumption during the first 4 h postoperatively and no differences in consumption of analgesics at 24 h and 7 days. CONCLUSION: In this study a 1 mg/kg dose of (R)-ketamine given at the end of surgery exerted a short-lasting hypnotic and analgesic effect. The same dose given preoperatively did not show postoperative analgesic effect or pre-emptive effect.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中气腹对呼吸系统功能的影响

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)和开腹胆囊切除术(OC)对患者肺功能的影响,比较两种术式的安全性。方法:选择LC患者20例,OC患者20例,分别于手术前和手术后第1、3天复查,测定项目包括用力肺活量(FVC)、1 s用力呼气容积(FEV1)、最大呼气中段流量(FEF 25%~75%)、最大呼气流速(PEF)、最大通气量(MVV)、肺活量(VC)以及深吸气量(IC),并进行对比。结果:两组病例之间比较,所有指标在手术后3d差异仍有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:LC对机体的肺功能影响小,是一种安全可靠的手术方式。     

Intraperitoneal Versus Interpleural Morphine or Bupivacaine for Pain after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Background: Opioids can produce peripheral analgesic effects by activation of opioid receptors on sensory nerves. This study was designed (1) to examine a novel route of opioid administration, the intraperitoneal injection; (2) to compare this to interpleural application, and (3) to compare opioid with local anesthetic effects under both conditions.

Methods: At the end of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 110 patients received the following injections in a double-blind, randomized manner: Group 1 (n = 18) was given intraperitoneal morphine (1 mg in 20 ml saline) and 20 ml intravenous saline. Group 2 (n = 17) received intraperitoneal saline and 1 mg intravenous morphine. Group 3 (n = 15) received 20 ml 0.25% intraperitoneal bupivacaine and intravenous saline. Group 4 (n = 20) received interpleural morphine (1.5 mg in 30 ml saline) and 30 ml intravenous saline. Group 5 (n = 20) received interpleural saline and 1.5 mg intravenous morphine. Group 6 (n = 20) received 30 ml 0.25% interpleural bupivacaine and intravenous saline. Postoperative pain was assessed using a visual analog scale, a numeric rating scale, and the McGill pain questionnaire. Pain localization, supplemental analgesic consumption, vital signs, and side effects were recorded for 24 h.

Results: Neither intraperitoneal nor interpleural morphine produced significant analgesia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (P > 0.05, Kruskal-Wallis test), whereas interpleural bupivacaine was effective (P < 0.05, Kruskal-Wallis test, up to 6 h postoperatively) but not intraperitoneal bupivacaine (P > 0.05, Kruskal-Wallis test). Shoulder pain was not prevalent in the majority of patients during the first 6 h. By 24 h, about half of the patients complained of shoulder pain, which was rated "low" by about one-third of all patients. No significant side effects occurred.     

急性重症胆囊炎腹腔镜手术前PTGD的效果分析

目的探讨急性重症胆囊炎腹腔镜胆囊切除术前行PTGD的有效性及潜在优势。方法对5年间135例因急性重症胆囊炎行LC的患者进行回顾性分析。病人分为3组:一组为不行PTGD直接行LC的患者(n=45);二组为PTGD后1周行LC的患者(n=38);三组为PTGD后1个月行LC的患者(n=52)。分析各组临床资料,评价PTBD效果,比较各组LC中转开腹率、并发症发生率以及手术效果等。结果二组和三组PTGD术后并发症、病情改善效果没有显著差异(P>0.05)。LC术后中转开腹率比较:一组10例(22.2%),二组7例(18.4%),三组有2例(3.8%),三组与一组和二组比较差异均有显著意义(P<0.05)。手术时间比较:一组95.7±30.5min,二组76.7±29.8min,三组为60.4±15.6min,三组与一组和二组相比差异均有显著意义(P<0.05)。术后并发症比较:一组8例(17.7%),二组5例(13.2%),三组2例(3.8%),三组与一组和二组相比均有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论急性重症胆囊炎PTGD后延期行LC是安全有效的,可以降低中转开腹率及并发症发生率,延期手术时间以1个月较为理想。     

The effect of preincisional periportal infiltration with ropivacaine in pain relief after laparoscopic procedures: a prospective, randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It is essential to minimize pain after laparoscopic surgery. This study examined the effect of wound infiltration by a long-acting local anesthetic. METHODS: This prospective, randomized study includes 190 laparoscopic procedures carried out by the same surgeon. The patients were randomly allocated into 2 groups. The control group comprised 75 cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and 20 cases of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (LIHR) without the use of a local anesthetic; only saline was used. The study group comprised 75 cases of LC and 20 cases of LIHR with preincisional periportal infiltration with 20 mL of ropivacaine (10 mg/mL). The postoperative pain scores at 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours determined with a visual analogue scale (VAS), nausea, and the kind and amount of analgesic drugs were assessed. RESULTS: In the study group in 41% of LC cases and 85% of LIHR cases, no analgesia was required at all; likewise, in the control group in 20% of LC cases and 44% of LIHR cases, no analgesia was required. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). In the remainder, pain at 3 and 6 hours and total analgesic requirements in the study group were less than that in the control group (P<0.05). The postoperative nausea and shoulder pain remained statistically unchanged (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It seems that wound infiltration with ropivacaine in laparoscopy provides satisfactory postoperative analgesia, diminishing or reducing the need for opioids.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术对细胞因子、内皮素和C反应蛋白水平的影响

目的:探讨开腹与腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)2种方法对胆囊疾病患者血中细胞因子、内皮素和C反应蛋白的影响,比较两种方法对机体损伤的程度及安全性。方法:选择行剖腹胆囊切除术(OC)患者50例,LC患者50例,分别于术前和术后抽取静脉血检测IL-2、IL-6、NK细胞活性、CD4/CD8、内皮素、C反应蛋白含量并进行比较。结果:OC组IL-2和NK细胞活性术后较术前下降(P<0.05),IL-6术后较术前明显上升(P<0.01)。IL-6术后OC组较LC组上升(P<0.05)。OC组IL-2术后较LC组降低(P<0.05)。CD4/CD8未发现明显变化。OC组血中内皮素术后含量明显高于LC组患者(P<0.01),C反应蛋白于术后亦高于LC组。结论:研究表明LC损伤小,是一种安全可靠的手术方式。