精益六西格玛在提高医疗设备维修效率中的应用研究

目的 :减少医疗风险,发挥现有医疗设备的能效,提高医院医疗设备的维修保障效率。方法 :运用精益的哲理、方法和工具,采用六西格玛"定义—测量—分析—改进—控制"的流程,通过对医疗设备维修流程的分析,找出问题,改进不足,提高维修质量和效率。结果:通过对医疗设备维修保障中精益六西格玛应用方法的分析研究,减少了医院医疗设备维修过程中时间和物资的浪费,提高了医疗设备维修效率。结论:该方法确保了医疗设备的维修质量,保障了医疗工作的正常运行,可供同行参考、借鉴。     

医疗设备使用和预防性维护管理的探讨

目的：探讨医疗设备正确使用和预防性维护管理的方法。方法：调查、分析现有医院医疗设备使用与维修情况,并对医疗设备使用和维修进行改进。结果：通过对医疗设备使用和维修的调查、分析、改进,提高了临床医护人员、医学工程技术人员对医疗设备维护管理的重视程度。在医疗设备的使用过程中,由被动医疗设备故障维修变为主动预防性维护,可降低医疗设备故障率,提高医疗设备使用率。结论：医疗设备正确使用与预防性维护是保证医疗设备高效、安全运行以及使医疗设备社会效益和经济效益达到最大化的重要措施。     

浅谈医疗设备维修维护策略与实施模式

对医疗设备日常维修维护工作不断地强化,不但能够促使医院工作的顺利运行,还能够有效地降低医院的运行成本.医疗设备在运行的过程中存在的问题随着医疗设备技术水平的不断提升而越来越隐秘,科技含量越来越高,这就导致对医疗设备进行维修维护的难度越来越高,为了解决这一问题,医院对医疗设备的维修维护管理需要共享资源,建立的维修维护模式...     

我院医疗设备维修管理的现状与分析

介绍了医院医疗设备的日常运行及维修状况,提出了维修过程中存在的几大类问题,详细分析了产生此类问题的原因,采用在设备维修过程中填写《医疗设备维修流程记录单及维修情况交接单》的方法,较好地解决了维修过程中出现的混乱局面,大大提高了设备维修的工作效率。     

医疗设备维修全程管理系统的开发与应用

目的开发医疗设备维修全程管理系统软件,实现安装、维修、报修、审批、报废全流程管理,为科学管理提供数据支持。方法根据设备维修工作流程,利用网络数据库和客户端开发工具设计医疗设备维修全程管理系统软件。结果实现了医疗设备维修流程的透明管理,管理层能及时发现工作中的问题并及时处理。结论医疗设备维修全程管理软件实现了维修过程的有效控制,为医疗设备的科学管理提供了数据支持。     

医疗设备维修管理在医疗设备全程管理中的重要性探究

医疗技术迅速发展过程中,医疗设备整体精密程度明显提升,也更加注重医疗设备管理工作的实施。在医疗设备展开全程管理过程中,维修管理发挥的重要性越发凸显。通过维修管理的实施,能够针对医疗设备展开预防性维修,促进医疗服务质量提高。同时能够使医院开支明显降低,延长设备整体使用时间,保证设备在运行时的高效率。     

探讨对医院医疗设备维修流程控制

在现阶段我国医疗事业的发展过程中,相关的医疗设备在医院的运营过程中占有十分重要的地位。规范化医疗设备的管理及有效的维修流程可以为我国医疗设备的发展奠定良好的基础,因此,本文对相关的维修流程做了简单的探讨。     

新时期如何强化医院医疗设备维修管理

医院的医疗设备维修管理内容主要有设备选型、验收、定期保养、定期检查、定期维修、利用等环节。本文主要针对医院医疗设备维修管理过程中存在的弊端进行分析,给出了强化医院医疗设备维修管理工作的几点建议。     

大型医疗设备维修管理的思考分析

目的：研究大型医疗设备维修管理措施。方法：选择2015年购进的大型医疗设备50台,对比管理前后设备维修率以及服务好评率。结果：在开展管理之后,设备维修概率为90.00%(45/50),服务得到好评的概率为86.00%(43/50),管理前后对比,差异具有统计学意义。结论：在对医院中大型医疗设备进行维修管理过程中,需要重视对维修管理措施的革新,确保维修管理更具针对性,提升医院诊疗质量与效率。     

迈瑞PM-9000心电监护仪常见故障与维修

随着我国医疗改革的不断进行,对医疗工作效率的要求也越来越高,医疗设备的高科技化是我国医疗建设工作未来的发展趋势。医疗设备中加强对高科技设备的使用不仅能提高病患的治疗效果,也能减轻医疗工作者的工作强度,提高医疗工作人员的工作效率,但设备的使用过程中也存在相关问题,像设备的故障维修等都是设备使用中不可避免的问题。本文将以PM-9000心电监护仪为例,介绍此设备在使用过程中常见的故障及其相关的维修方法。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.