大面积侵袭感染组织切除对烧伤创面脓毒症患者静息能量消耗的影响

目的　观察大面积侵袭感染组织切除对烧伤创面脓毒症患者高代谢的影响。　方法　对连续收治并成功救治的 8例烧伤创面脓毒症患者 ,分别于大面积侵袭感染组织切除前 ,手术后和病情稳定时 ,对静息能量消耗 (REE) ,白细胞介素 6 (IL 6 )、IL 8、肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF α)和内毒素(LPS)进行监测。　结果　侵袭感染组织切除后REE水平较手术前显著降低 (P <0 .0 1) ,病情平稳时REE值较手术后明显下降 (P <0 .0 1) ;侵袭性感染组织切除后IL 6、IL 8、TNF α、LPS含量较手术前降低显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,病情平稳时下降更明显 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,REE与IL 6、IL 8、TNF α、LPS水平呈正相关 (P<0 .0 1)。　结论　大面积侵袭感染组织切除可减轻炎性介质的过度释放 ,有助于控制或减轻烧伤创面脓毒症患者高代谢反应。     

大面积侵袭感染组织切除对烧伤创面脓毒症患者静息能量消耗的 …

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of extensive excision of invasive burn wound infection on hypermetabolic response in burn patients with sepsis. METHODS: Eight patients with major burn, complicated by invasive burn wound infection and sepsis, were consecutively admitted to our hospital from September 1997 to October 1998. Resting energy expenditures (REEs) were monitored by means of cardiorespiratory diagnostic system (Medical Graphics Corporation, USA) at patients' bedside. Plasma concentration of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, and LPS were assayed before and after surgical intervention and at the time when the patients' vital signs became stable. Correlation analysis between REEs and IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, and LPS were made, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 8 treated patients survived. Values of REE before surgical intervention were significantly higher than those after surgical intervention (P < 0.01), and when patients' vital signs became stable the values were significantly lower than those after surgical intervention (P < 0.01). The plasma concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, and LPS after excision of invasive burn wound infection were significantly lower than those before surgical intervention (P < 0.05). The lowest levels of these inflammatory mediators were observed when the conditions of patients became stable, and the values were significantly lower than those before surgical intervention (P < 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between REE level and respective values of plasma IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, and LPS (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: It seemed that the extensive excision of invasively infected burn wound in patients with major burn should be performed as early as possible to reduce an increased release of inflammatory mediators and to control the hypermetabolic response during sepsis.     

对烧伤感染的认识

Burn infection occurs when pathogenic bacte-ria colonized on the burn wound surfate,and they then invaded the viable tissue causing sepsis or sepsis with blood stream inva-sion.This infection pattern is particular to burn injury.Both in a model of pseudomonas burn wound sepsis and a clinical study of early eschar excision for bacteria quantification indicate that the bacteria not only are located on the burn wound surface but also invaded the deeper tissues.Finally,the bacteria penetrate into the neighboring viable tissue and even blood ves-sels.Therefore,we can say that burn infection is from local wound infection to invasive infection.and finally sepsis is devel-oped,and it is termed as burn wound sepsis.The cutoff count of subeschar tissue bacteria is 105/g.However,the burn wound sepsis may not occur when the number of subeschar tissue bacteria reaches 105/g.The criteria for the diagnosis of burn wound sepsis are mainly listed as below:(1)The number of bacteria in the subes-char reaches≥105/g.(2)Bacteria can be detected in the biopsy specimen.(3)Sepsis associated symptoms and signs.However,the sepsis associated symptoms and signs must be obvious in patients to make the clinical diagnosis of burn wound sepsis.If the sepsis associated symptoms and signs do not ap-pear.we should not make the diagnosis of burn wound sepsis e-ven with the number of bacteria in the subeschar tissue reaching 105/g or bacteria can be found in the biopsy specimen.Sepsis has been defined as the body's response to bacteria and their products.The occurrence of sepsis depends primarily on immune function and stress response intensity.and it is closely related to wound infection degree such as bacteria density and invasion depth in the burn wound,or plasma endotoxin level to certain extent.     

烧伤创面真菌侵袭性感染13例

我院地处海南热带地区 ,气候炎热潮湿 ,湿度大 ,烧伤创面容易生长真菌。近三年来 ,发生烧伤创面真菌侵袭性感染13例 ,其中死亡 5例 ,治愈 8例。临　床　资　料本组男 10例 ,女 3例 ,年龄 2 5 7岁。平均烧伤面积 6 2 .3% ,平均Ⅲ度烧伤面积 40 .7%。患者入院后 ,烧伤创面均行暴露治疗 ,外用自制红树烧伤液[1] 10例 ,外用磺胺嘧啶银糊剂 3例。本组 13例患者烧伤创面出现真菌侵袭性感染前均较长时间全身应用广谱抗生素 ,如头孢噻甲羧肟、头孢三嗪噻肟、拉氧头孢钠、伊米配能 /西司他丁钠盐等 ,平均使用时间 12ｄ ,其中有 8例烧伤创面外用上述广…     

山羊烧伤和脓毒症中能量代谢动态变化的实验研究

目的观察和分析烧伤早期和脓毒症状态下的能量代谢动态变化及其影响因素.方法以山羊烧伤和脓毒症为模型检测血流动力学、静息能量消耗(REE)、血内毒素、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-8(IL-8)水平及有关代谢激素的水平,监测血糖、血乳酸及氨基酸谱的动态变化.结果(1)烧伤早期充分复苏的情况下REE即显著升高,随着合并内毒素血症的确立,REE升高更为显著(352.5±17.6)J*h-1*m-2;(2)烧伤及烧伤合并内毒素血症的情况下,血中内毒素、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8水平显著增高,在时相上与REE的升高相平行;(3)在烧伤后氧输送和氧耗量短暂下降,随休克复苏及脓毒症的确立逐渐升高,组织氧摄取率在烧伤早期短暂增高,之后则基本恢复正常水平;(4)血清胰岛素、胰高血糖素、皮质醇等代谢相关激素水平在伤后均高于伤前;(5)血乳酸、血糖、尿3-甲基组氨酸在烧伤后和脓毒症中均显著高于伤前水平.结论在烧伤尤其是合并脓毒症的情况下,机体存在显著的代谢增强过程.其与炎症介质(TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8的过度释放)有关,并受相关代谢激素的调控.该模型较好地反映烧伤和脓毒症中以高代谢为特征的机体代谢紊乱过程.     

严重烧伤患者休克期并发脓毒症的临床分析

目的　探讨严重烧伤患者休克期并发脓毒症的原因、防治措施及预后。　方法　随机抽取笔者单位 1992年 5月～ 1999年 12月收治的特重度烧伤患者 4 4例 (伤后 4 8h内入院 )。依据脓毒症和肠源性感染诊断标准 ,结合患者创面及血液细菌培养结果 ,计算休克期内脓毒症的发生率 ,探讨肠源性感染的可能性。分析本组患者入院后的抗生素使用情况。观察脓毒症患者休克期内其他并发症的发生情况 ,并分析其预后。　结果　 4 4例患者中 4例于休克期内发生脓毒症 ,占 9.0 9% ,其中1例由铜绿假单胞菌引起 ,3例分别由大肠杆菌、粪肠球菌、产气杆菌引起。所有患者入院后给予抗生素 ,然后结合临床征象、创面及血液细菌培养结果、药敏试验结果选用敏感抗生素。 4例脓毒症患者中休克期内并发严重水、电解质紊乱 1例次、应激性溃疡 2例次、急性肾功能衰竭 2例次。最终 1例治愈 ,3例死亡。　结论　肠道杆菌感染是严重烧伤休克期发生脓毒症的原因之一 ,休克与脓毒症互为因果 ,互相促进。烧伤后早期应用对肠道菌群敏感的抗生素是防治休克期脓毒症的重要措施。     

烧伤后期特大未愈创面伴脓毒症患者的救治

This article analyzed the medical records of a patient with 90％ TBSA unhealed wound accompanied with wound sepsis 50 days post burn (PBD) and to discuss the ideal strategies of treatment for such patients in such condition.This was a 24-year-old male patient suffering from flame burn with 95％ TBSA wound and severe inhalation injury.Meek skin grafting with autologous scalp was performed once to the thoracic and abdominal regions; intermingled skin grafting of autologous scalp microskin and large sheet of allograft was performed twice to the limbs within PBD 31.The patient was transferred to our hospital on PBD 50 with 90％ TBSA wound unhealed,leaving a vast amount of necrotic tissue and allografts.Furthermore,he was complicated by sepsis,pulmonary infection,and gastric ulcer.Debridement and allogenic skin grafting were performed on the first day after hospitalization.When the condition of wounds was improved,transplantation of a large sheet of allogenic skin with inlaid small pieces of autologous skin,intermingled skin grafting of autologous and allogenic skin,and small pieces of autologous skin grafting were performed.Because of the shortage of donor area,the exposed wounds were temporarily covered with allogeneic skin.Epidermal growth factor was used to promote the healing of autologous skin donor site and deep partial-thickness bum wound.Autologous skin grafting was performed whenever source of healthy skin was available.Systemic use of effective antibiotics,nutritional support and therapy,and other comprehensive measures also contributed to the success of treatment of this patient suffering from wound sepsis.The patient was cured and discharged on PBD 145.     

大面积烧伤脓毒症患者T淋巴细胞免疫功能的改变及临床意义

目的 了解大面积烧伤脓毒症患者T淋巴细胞免疫功能的变化，探讨其与脓毒症的关系。方法 选择59例烧伤面积≥30％TBSA的患者，分为脓毒症组43例和非脓毒症组16例。采集两组患者伤后1、3、5、7、14、21、28d的外周静脉血，检测T淋巴细胞增殖能力和白细胞介素2（IL-2）的分泌水平，并行相关性分析；通过流式细胞仪检测CD3^＋／CD4^＋ T淋巴细胞的百分率及其凋亡率，并行相关性分析。结果 与非脓毒症组比较，脓毒症组患者伤后l、14、2l、28dT淋巴细胞增殖能力和IL-2的分泌水平均显著下降（P〈0．05或P〈0.01），两指标呈显著正相关（r=0．82，P〈0．01）。伤后1、5、14、21、28d，脓毒症组患者CD3^＋／CD4^＋T淋巴细胞百分率明显低于非脓毒症组，而其凋亡率呈相反趋势（P〈0.05或P〈0．01），两指标呈显著负相关（r=-0.66，P〈0．05）。结论 大面积烧伤脓毒症患者T淋巴细胞免疫功能持续处于抑制状态，T淋巴细胞凋亡参与了脓毒症细胞免疫紊乱的病理生理过程。     

降钙素原对烧伤患者脓毒症的诊断价值

的 探究降钙素原对烧伤患者脓毒症的诊断效果。方法 选取中国人民解放军陆军第八十 集团军医院2022年1月-2023年6月收治的86例烧伤患者作为研究对象,根据是否出现脓毒症分为两组, 出现脓毒症的为脓毒症组（n=43）,未出现脓毒症为对照组（n=43）;根据感染程度分为轻度感染组 （n=11）、中度感染组（n=18）、重度感染组（n=14）。比较不同组血清降钙素原（PCT）、C反应蛋白 （CRP）、白细胞（WBC）水平。结果 脓毒症组PCT、CRP、WBC水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意 义（P＜0.05）;三组CRP、WBC水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;中、重度感染组PCT水平高 于轻度感染组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 降钙素原在对烧伤患者脓毒症中的诊断效果较为确 切,可以鉴别不同程度的感染,以及早期诊断脓毒症,具有较高的临床价值。     

The effect of extensive excision of burn wound with invasive infection on hypermetabolism in burn patients with sepsis

Objective: To evaluate the effect of extensive excision of invasive burn wound infection on hypermetabolic response in burn patients with sepsis. Methods:Eight patients with major burn, complicated by invasive burn wound infection and sepsis were consecutively admitted to our hospital from September 1997 to October 1998. REEs were monitored by means of Cardiorespiratory Diagnostic System (Medical Graphics Corporation, USA) at patients bedside. Plasma concentration of IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α and LPS were assayed before and after surgical intervention and at the time when the patients' vital signs became stable. Correlation analysis between REEs and IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、LPS was respectively made. Results: A total of 8 patients were treated and all of them survived. Values of REE before surgical intervention were significantly higher than those after surgical intervention(P＜0.01), and when patients vital signs became stable the values were significantly lower compared with that after surgical intervention(P＜0.01). The plasma concentrations of IL-6、 IL-8、TNF-α and LPS after excision of invasive burn wound infection were significantly lower than those before surgical intervention (P＜0.05). The lowest levels of these inflammatory mediators were observed when the conditions of patients became stable, and the values were significantly lower compared with those before surgical intervention (P＜0. 001). There was a significant positive correlation between REE level and respective values of plasma IL-6、 IL-8、 TNF-α、 LPS(P ＜0.01). Conclusions: It is deemed that the extensive excision of invasively infected burn wound in patients with major burn should be performed as early as possible to reduce an increased release of inflammatory mediators, and to control the hypermetabolic response during sepsis.     

Clinical characteristics and treatment of burn wound sepsis in extensive burn patients: successful experience with eight cases

Eight burn wound sepsis patients, in which 6 cases were diagnosed as MODS and two as septic shock, were treated consecutively in our hospital from September 1997 to October 1998. The plasma concentration of IL-6, IL-8, TNFα and LPS were assayed before and after surgical intervention, as well as when the patients' vital signs became stable. The results showed: ①The patients' conditions abruptly deteriorated when the burn wound sepsis emerged;②The major cause related to burn wound sepsis was extensive burn injuries, with large areas of deep burn remaining open; ③Although wound swabs taken on admission revealed the presence of colonization by many pathogenic bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was one of the most frequent bacteria isolated from the subeschar tissue; ④The plasma concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, TNF and LPS before surgical intervention were significantly higher than that after surgical intervention (P＜0.05) ;⑤The lowest level of the inflammatory mediators was observed when the patients' conditions became stable, as compared with before surgical intervention (P＜0. 001).These findings suggest that the clinical characteristics of burn wound sepsis are abrupt deterioration of the general condition and prominent septic symptoms, often complicated by MODS. The main cause of burn wound sepsis is the presence of a large area of open deep burn wounds, which should be excised and covered early. LPS and pro-inflammatory mediators play an important role in the pathogenesis of burn wound sepsis. Although success in treating these patients is the result of appropriate application of multiple treatments, early, aggressive and thorough surgical excision of invasive burn infectious tissue and closure of wound play a crucial role in the successful treatment of patients complicated by burn wound sepsis. Other treatments are adjuvant but also important.     

大面积深度烧伤休克期切痂植皮

目的探讨大面积深度烧伤休克期切痂植皮的必要性和可行性。方法自1991年1月至1997年6月选择伤后及时入院的12例病人,烧伤面积平均78.3％±18.3％,Ⅲ度面积平均69.2％±26.8％,其中6例合并吸入性损伤,3例气管切开。开始手术时间为伤后38.4±9.6小时,一次切痂面积39.3％±8.7％,以尿量、心率、SaO_2和 CVP 为主要监护指标。结果术中术后各监护指标都较平稳。与条件相似的19例非休克期切痂病人对比表明:休克期切痂病人愈合天数缩短14天左右,内脏并发症及菌血症发生率低,治愈率高,平均每日住院费用降低。结论休克期大面积切痂植皮是可行的。     

The effect of extensive excision of burn wound with invasive infection on hypermetabolism in burn patients with sepsis

Objective: To evaluate the effect of extensive excision of invasive burn wound infection on hypermetabolic response in burn patients with sepsis. Methods:Eight patients with major burn, complicated by invasive burn wound infection and sepsis were consecutively admitted to our hospital from September 1997 to October 1998. REEs were monitored by means of Cardiorespiratory Diagnostic System (Medical Graphics Corporation, USA) at patients bedside. Plasma concentration of IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α and LPS were assayed before and after surgical intervention and at the time when the patients' vital signs became stable. Correlation analysis between REEs and IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、LPS was respectively made. Results: A total of 8 patients were treated and all of them survived. Values of REE before surgical intervention were significantly higher than those after surgical intervention(P＜0.01), and when patients vital signs became stable the values were significantly lower compared with that after surgical intervention(P＜0.01). The plasma concentrations of IL-6、 IL-8、TNF-α and LPS after excision of invasive burn wound infection were significantly lower than those before surgical intervention (P＜0.05). The lowest levels of these inflammatory mediators were observed when the conditions of patients became stable, and the values were significantly lower compared with those before surgical intervention (P＜0. 001). There was a significant positive correlation between REE level and respective values of plasma IL-6、 IL-8、 TNF-α、 LPS(P ＜0.01). Conclusions: It is deemed that the extensive excision of invasively infected burn wound in patients with major burn should be performed as early as possible to reduce an increased release of inflammatory mediators, and to control the hypermetabolic response during sepsis.     

烧伤创面脓毒症诊断的细菌学意义及临床分期

目的　探讨并重新评价烧伤创面脓毒症与组织细菌定量的关系 ,将其进行临床分期。　方法　对近 5年符合条件的 32例烧伤患者进行组织细菌检查和定量分析 ,结合临床表现对创面脓毒症进行分期。　结果　 (1) 32例患者的 12 3个组织标本中 ,均可见到细菌侵入 ,有 82个标本的每克痂下组织菌量≥ 1× 10 5,4 1个标本的每克痂下组织菌量 <1× 10 5。其中 18例患者 6 8个标本 ,每克痂下组织菌量全部≥ 1× 10 5;5例患者 2 0个标本 ,每克痂下组织菌量全部 <1× 10 5;其余 9例患者的标本中仅部分每克痂下组织菌量≥ 1× 10 5。 (2 )根据细菌学结果并结合临床表现 ,可将创面脓毒症分为Ⅰ～Ⅳ期。　结论　 (1)临床有中毒表现并获得细菌侵入活组织的证据时 ,创面脓毒症的诊断即可成立。 (2 )将创面脓毒症分为IV期 ,有助于规范临床诊断、指导临床治疗     

Effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on bacterial translocation due to burn wound sepsis

The presence of certain defects in both cellular and humoral immunity after thermal injury has been established. Likewise, the translocation of enteric bacteria to the mesenteric lymph nodes and to distant organs has also been observed following serious thermal injury. The effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on bacterial translocation, the small bowel mucosa, and cecal bacterial content were investigated in a rat model of burn wound sepsis in which albino Wistar rats were scalded over 30% of their bodies, after which the lesions were infected by 1×10⁸ colony-forming units (cfu)Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The control group was treated with 5% dextrose solution subcutaneously starting 2 days preburn, while the treatment group received 100μg/kg human G-CSF subcutaneously. On the 4th day post burn all animals were killed to examine the bowel and culture of the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), livers, and spleens. No significant differences were observed between the groups regarding the cecal bacterial content and small bowel; however, a difference was seen in the ratio of translocation in the MLN liver and spleen and quantitative MLN cultures. Based on these findings, G-CSF was thus found to be significantly effective in reducing bacterial translocation due to burn wound sepsis.