Invasive squamous cell carcinoma within verrucous carcinoma

A case of invasive squamous cell carcinoma within a verrucous carcinoma is presented in order to illustrate the potential problem of underdiagnosis of these lesions. The epidemiology, natural history and histopathology of verrucous carcinoma, and features which distinguish it from invasive squamous cell carcinoma, are reviewed. Unless rigorous attention is paid to histologic detail, a focus of invasive squamous cell carcinoma may escape detection and radiation-induced anaplastic transformation may later be suspected.     

Papillary squamous cell carcinoma versus verrucous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck

Papillary squamous cell carcinoma and verrucous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck may be confused. The clinicopathological profile of the two neoplasms is presented and the differential diagnosis is discussed. A correct diagnosis is imperative in order to institute the most appropriate treatment.     

Prognoses of oral basaloid squamous cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma: a comparison

OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical and prognostic features in patients with basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC), poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (PDSCC), and well to moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (W/MSCC) of the oral cavity. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort. SETTING: Referral tertiary center. PATIENTS: Seventeen patients with primary oral BSCC, 27 with PDSCC, and 27 with SCC. INTERVENTION: The 71 patients all had surgery and 52 had postoperative radiotherapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Recurrences and survival. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 52.4 months for patients with BSCC, 22.2 months for those with PDSCC, and 13.8 months for those with SCC. No statistically significant differences on survival were found among the BSCC, PDSCC, and SCC groups. The 5-year cancer-specific survival rates were 50% for patients with BSCC, 37% for those with PSCC, and 49% for those with W/MSCC (P =.71); the 5-year overall survival rates were 46% for patients with BSSC, 18% for those with PSCC, and 41% for those with W/MSCC (P =.25). Disease-free survival was not significantly different among the BSCC, PSCC, and W/MSCC groups (P =.57). The 5-year rate of disease-free survival was 40% for patients with BSCC, 37% for those with PSCC, and 53% for those with W/MSCC. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical course of BSCC is similar to the courses of PSCC and W/MSCC when clinical T and N classifications are matched. Prognosis does not differ for patients with BSCC of the oral cavity and those with conventional oral squamous cell carcinomas PSCC and W/MSCC.     

A clinical analysis of sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma: a comparison of de novo squamous cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma arising from inverted papilloma

Abstract

Background: Sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare tumor arising either de novo or in association with inverted papillomas (IPs).

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the oncological features and prognosis of patients with sinonasal SCCs based on their etiology.

Material and methods: The medical records of 117 patients who had been diagnosed with de novo SCC or those arising from IP (IP-SCC) were retrospectively reviewed. In situ hybridization analyses to detect HPV 16/18DNA and p16 immunohistochemistry were also performed in 10 cases with IP-SCC.

Results: The three-year disease-specific survival (DSS) rate was higher in cases with T1, 2 and 3 than in cases with T4 in both tumor groups. T4 cases with de novo SCC had a better DSS than those with IP-SCCs. HPV16/18 was not detected in any of the 10 IP-SCCs.

Conclusions and significance: T4 cases with de novo SCC tended to have a better DSS than those with IP-SCC. Since some T4 patients with IP-SCC were found to have a highly aggressive disease, careful treatment planning should be performed. High-risk HPV may not play a vital role in the carcinomatous transformation of most IP-SCC cases.     

Vimentin in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Summary The relationship between the histological grading of malignancy and the expression of vimentin and cytokeratin was studied in 43 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical analysis was carried out with the avidin-biotin method using monoclonal antibody anti-vimentin, and the peroxidase anti-peroxidase method using the polyclonal antibody anti-cytokeratin. All cases were classified according to the histological malignancy grading system proposed by Anneroth. All of the carcinomas were found to express cytokeratin, while 60.4% expressed vimentin. Vimentin was particularly noted in all tumors scored to have highly malignant cells.     

端粒酶与喉癌相关性研究进展

端粒酶激活与恶性肿瘤发生发展之间存在着密切的关系。本文就端粒酶结构、功能及其与喉癌发生发展关系的最新研究进展作简要综述。     

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma - larynx

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma, Larynx has been an uncommon site of this tumour which is said to have aggressive biological behaviour with high incidence of cervical and distant metastasis along with second primary. Two cases of laryngeal basaloid squamous cell carcinoma are reported with relevant review of literature. The submucosal spread of tumour is highlighted alongwith role of preoperative radio therapy.     

Epidemiology of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the pinna

This is a retrospective study designed to compare the incidence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the head and neck skin area with special reference to the pinna. The results showed 426 patients had 460 cutaneous malignancies in the head and neck area, managed by four specialties (ENT, Dermatology, General Surgery and GPs) over the period 1994-99. The lesions comprised 375 (80.47 per cent) BCC and 85 (18.47 per cent) SCC. In cases of BCC the facial areas were commonly involved (88 per cent), whilst SCC was almost equally distributed between the most (face, forehead and nose) and least exposed areas (pinna and scalp). The overall ratio of BCC to SCC remained four to one in the head and neck area. In 41 patients with 51 lesions over the pinna there were 29 (56.8 per cent) BCC and 22 (43.1 per cent) SCC hence the ratio was 1.3 to 1 for this site. We conclude that in the case of a suspicious lesion over the pinna, the risk of SCC is comparatively much higher. With increasing awareness of early and quick diagnosis of cancer cases, it is recommended that these patients should be referred urgently to prevent the significant morbidity associated with invasive SCC.     

Carboplatin-radiation interaction in squamous cell carcinoma cell lines.

Chemoradiotherapy has been considered one of the most promising improvements in the treatment of advanced head and neck cancer. This article describes in vitro chemosensitivity to carboplatin in five squamous cell carcinoma cell lines established from head and neck cancers and in one vulvar squamous cell carcinoma cell line. Sensitivity to carboplatin was found to vary markedly when using the 96-well plate clonogenic assay and continuous drug exposure. The difference in carboplatin response between the most sensitive and the most resistant cell lines was fourfold. No cross-resistance was observed between inherent radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity. Effects of concomitant use of carboplatin and radiation were further investigated in the two cell lines that were found to be most sensitive to carboplatin. The drug was administered 1 hour before acute radiation doses, and an additive effect was observed in both cell lines.     

Mandibular involvement by oral squamous cell carcinoma

Detecting mandibular bone involvement by oral carcinoma prior to definitive therapy poses a difficult problem for the head and neck surgeon. A retrospective study of 104 patients who underwent segmental mandibular resection for oral squamous cell carcinoma was undertaken to detect the incidence of mandibular bone involvement. Specimens from 23 patients (22%) demonstrated tumor invasion on decalcified histologic examination. Histologic evidence of bone involvement was correlated with the site of lesion, stage of the disease, the grade of tumor, the clinical impression of bone involvement, and the presence or absence of neck disease. Bone invasion on histologic examination was also compared with preoperative bone scans and radiographs. The data obtained demonstrates significant mandibular involvement with alveolar tumors and lesions clinically adjacent to the mandible. There was also a high incidence of histologic bone involvement in patients who had radiologic or bone scan evidence of tumor erosion. We support segmental mandibulectomy on the basis of providing adequate tumor margins for patients fulfilling these criteria.     

A monoclonal antibody to squamous cell carcinoma

Monoclonal antibody 17.13.Cl.10 is a murine IgM kappa monoclonal antibody (Mab) that stains frozen section squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) homogeneously and intensely with a sensitivity greater than 98%, including 106/107 SCC specimens from the head and neck. It was produced using a human laryngeal SCC as immunogen and screened using frozen section human tissue. Monoclonal antibody 17.13.Cl.10 faintly stains the basal layer of normal squamous epithelium, does not stain normal organ tissue other than myoepithelial cells, and reacts with few non-SCC tumors. It, therefore, may be a useful adjunct to standard histopathologic criteria for the diagnosis of SCC. It may prove helpful in the investigation of tumor-associated antigens. Despite major technical and immunologic problems, monoclonal antibodies to functional tissue-specific tumor-associated antigens have the potential to play a major role in imaging and in treatment in the future.     

Hyponatremia associated with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

An association between laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and inappropriate antidiuresis is described in a 76-year-old man. Even though all accepted diagnostic criteria for the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone were fulfilled, abnormal levels of antidiuretic hormone were not demonstrated, leaving the mechanisms of this hyponatremia unclear.