N1-苯基-1,2,3-三氮唑类熊果酸衍生物的设计与合成

以不同取代的苯胺为原料,经还原、叠氮化、Click环合、氧化反应得到不同取代的N₁-苯基-1, 2, 3-三氮唑目标中间体,再将其分别与3-羰基熊果酸通过克莱森-施密特缩合反应得到目标产物。经Scifinder数据库查询,所有终产物均为新化合物,其化学结构经核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振碳谱以及质谱的联合确证。合成路线可为三唑类熊果酸衍生物的合成提供借鉴,并为开发三唑类天然产物衍生物提供参考。     

抗结核分枝杆菌化合物结构特征及体外活性的研究进展

目的:综述抗结核分枝杆菌化合物的结构特征及体外活性,为抗结核分枝杆菌的新药设计提供参考。方法:以"抗结核""结核分枝杆菌""化合物""Antituberculosis""Mycobacterium tuberculosis""Compounds"等为关键词,组合查询2008年1月-2019年1月在中国知网、万方数据、Science Direct、ACS、Wiley、Springer Link等数据库中的相关文献,对文献中具有抗结核分枝杆菌活性的化合物结构特征及体外活性[以最低抑菌浓度(MIC)评价]进行归纳总结。结果与结论:共检索到相关文献188篇,其中有效文献47篇。目前,抗结核分枝杆菌的化合物有喹啉类化合物、吲哚类化合物、三唑类化合物、苯并噻吩类化合物(MIC为0.91μg/mL)、嘧啶类化合物和金属配合物。喹啉类化合物中具有抗结核分枝杆菌活性的有喹唑啉酮苯甲酸酯衍生物(MIC均为2.5μg/mL)、唑并喹啉衍生物(MIC均为1.0μg/mL)、唑酯类喹啉衍生物(MIC均<5.0μg/mL)、碳酰腙类喹啉衍生物(MIC均为1.0μg/mL);吲哚类化合物中具有抗结核分枝杆菌活性的有酰胺吲哚类化合物(MIC均≤0.25μg/mL)、氮杂吲哚类化合物(MIC均≤1.03μg/mL);三唑类化合物中具有抗结核分枝杆菌活性的有苯并咪唑类三唑衍生物(MIC均≤0.58μg/mL)、羰基三唑类衍生物(MIC均为2.5μg/mL);嘧啶类化合物中具有抗结核分枝杆菌活性的有氟苯嘧啶类衍生物(MIC为3.58μg/mL)、吡咯三唑嘧啶衍生物(MIC均为0.78μg/mL);金属配合物中具有抗结核分枝杆菌活性的有芳香类金属配合物(MIC均≤1.25μg/mL)、氟喹诺酮类金属配合物(MIC为0.31μg/mL)等。上述化合物可通过抑制ATP合成酶、乙酰羧酸合成酶、十聚异戊烯磷酰基-β-D-核糖氧化酶或烯酯酰基载体蛋白还原酶等活性发挥抗结核分枝杆菌活性。这些化合物的发现可为研发新型抗结核分枝药物奠定基础,但由于并未进行体内活性评价,因此,在后续研究中还需通过动物实验进一步评价其体内活性。     

3-三氟甲基-4-氨基-5-巯基-1,2,4-三唑衍生物的合成及其抗真菌活性研究

目的合成3-三氟甲基-4-氨基-5-巯基-1,2,4-三唑衍生物并对其进行抗真菌活性研究。方法以3-三氟甲基-4-氨基-5-巯基-1,2,4-三唑(Ⅰ)为起始原料,与卤苄在无水乙醇中回流制得中间体3-三氟甲基-4-氨基-5-(取代)苄硫基-1,2,4-三唑(Ⅱ),Ⅱ与2,4-二氯苯甲醛反应得目标物3-三氟甲基-5-(取代)苄硫基-1,2,4-三唑希夫碱Sch iff,s(Ⅲ)。对中间体Ⅰ、Ⅱ和目标物Ⅲ进行了体外抑菌活性测试。结果合成了9个新的目标物Ⅲ,用1H-NMR和元素分析确定了中间体Ⅱ和目标物Ⅲ的结构。初步体外抑菌实验表明:3-三氟甲基-4-氨基-5-巯基-1,2,4-三唑衍生物对常见深部致病真菌有一定的体外抑制活性,但均弱于对照品氟康唑、特比萘芬和伊曲康唑。结论合成的目标物Ⅲ衍生物对常见深部致病真菌有一定的活性,对浅部真菌的活性有待进一步研究。     

含硫的三唑类化合物的合成及抗真菌活性研究

目的设计合成含有二硫代甲酸酯侧链的新型三氮唑类化合物,并研究其体外抗真菌活性。方法通过与二硫化碳的加成及取代反应合成了9个新型三氮唑类化合物,其结构通过1 H NMR和MS确证,并选择8种真菌为实验菌株,对其体外抗真菌活性进行测试。结果所有化合物对实验菌株均有一定的抗菌活性,尤其对白色念珠菌活性较好,化合物6d对白假丝酵母菌的MIC80值<0.125μg/ml,是伊曲康唑的64倍。结论引入丙基、硫元素和取代苄基侧链对目标化合物的抗真菌活性影响较大;二硫代甲酸酯结构的引入有利于提高三唑类化合物的体外抗真菌活性。     

1,2,4-三唑-3-甲酰胺的合成

1,2,4-三唑-3-甲酰胺(简称三唑甲酰胺)是合成抗病毒药三氮唑核苷(ribavirin)的重要中间体。文献报道,三唑甲酰胺有多种合成方法。Witkowski等直接从三唑甲酸甲酯氨解制得,但原料三唑甲酸甲酯的制备较繁杂,产率较低。后专利资料则分别从草氨酰肼与甲酰胺或甲脒醋酸盐在高温下缩合而得。我们在文献方法的基础上,对三唑甲酰胺的合成方法作了适当改进。     

4-S-(5″-烃基-4″-氨基-1″,2″,4″-三唑-3″-基)-4-去氧-4′-去甲基表鬼臼毒素衍生物的合成及抗肿瘤活性

许多有显著抗肿瘤活性的鬼臼毒素类化合物,其母核C-4侧链上往往连接有刚性较强的脂环或芳香环结构,而且侧链多含有一定数量的杂原子［1～3］。另外,三氮唑类化合物大都有广泛的生物活性,如抗菌［4～5］、抗病毒［6］、抗肿瘤［7］等,据此,我们设计并合成了8个三氮唑杂环取代的表鬼臼毒素衍生物,以期寻找活性高、毒副作用小的鬼臼毒素类药物,并进一步考察此类化合物的构效关系。　合成路线如图1所示,三氮唑3a～3h和4′-去甲基-表鬼臼毒2分别按文献［8,9］方法合成;我们选择三氟乙酸作为缩合剂,基于它不仅能催化缩合反应,而且能保护三唑上的氨基官能团,使其不能充当进攻基团;最后一步缩合反应显然经历了一个SN1历程,4′-去甲基-表鬼臼毒 的C-4位上很容易形成一个苄基型碳正离子,由于C-1位有庞大的芳环,加之,进攻的基团也较大,可以预料,这个反应有很强的立体选择性,使C-4β-构型成为主要产物,事实确实如此,在TLC上几乎看不到C-4α-构型的产物。     

多取代三氮唑类化合物的合成及其抗肿瘤活性研究

目的设计合成一系列4-胺甲酰-1,5-双芳基-1,2,3-三氮唑类化合物,并评价其抗肿瘤活性。方法以叠氮化钠为原料,经亲核取代反应制成有机叠氮化物后与丙炔酸甲酯通过Huisgen 1,3-偶极环加成反应得到5-碘代-1,2,3-三氮唑,再与单质硫和苄溴类化合物经3步连续反应"一锅法"得到1-对甲氧基苄基-4-甲氧甲酰-5-苄基硫醚-1,2,3-三氮唑,对三氮唑环上的4-甲氧甲酰基进行胺解反应得到目标化合物。采用MTT法测定目标化合物对人乳腺癌细胞(MCF-7)、肝癌细胞(Hep G2)、肺癌细胞(A549)和宫颈癌细胞(He La)的抑制活性。结果与结论合成了15个未见报道的4-胺甲酰-1,5-双芳基-1,2,3-三氮唑类化合物,其结构经1H-NMR、13C-NMR及HR-MS谱确证。其中,化合物7a对Hep G2、A549和He La细胞均表现出中等程度的抑制活性(IC50值分别为23.00、33.88、26.66μmol·L-1),有进一步研究的价值。     

1,2,4-三唑-3-羧酸甲酯合成中脱氨的改进

1,2,4-三唑-3-羧酸甲酯(1)是抗病毒药三氮唑核苷(ribavirin)合成的重要中间体,是从氨基胍,经草酰化、环合、酯化、重氮化脱氨制得:     

薯蓣皂苷元抗肿瘤衍生物的设计和合成(Ⅱ)

目的 合成薯蓣皂苷元衍生物并进行其体外抗肿瘤活性的研究.方法运用Autodock进行目标分子辅助设计.薯蓣皂苷元通过Mitsunobu反应合成1-(3α-薯蓣皂苷元)-1,2,3-三氮唑和1-(3α-薯蓣皂苷元)-1,2,4-三氮唑两个中间体,再分别与不司的溴代物反应得到一系列的盐.采用MTT法对人恶性黑色素瘤细胞A3...     

1-[2-(N-甲基-N-取代苄基)氨基-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)乙基]-1H-1,2,4-三唑类化合物的合成及抗真菌活性

目的:1-[2-(N-甲基-N-取代苄基)氨基-2-(2,4-二氟苯基) 乙基]-1H-1,2 ,4-三唑类化合物的合成及抗真菌活性研究。方法:通过付-克反应、三唑烷基化、酮亚胺还原和Leuckart 反应,得到关键中间体,然后通过N-烷基化反应制得目标化合物,并用二倍稀释法测定了体外抑菌活性。结果:合成了23 个1-[2-(N-甲基-N-取代苄基) 氨基-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)乙基]-1H-1 ,2,4-三唑类化合物,均为首次报道。所有目标化合物对8 种致病真菌均有不同程度的抗真菌活性。大部分化合物对Candida.albicans 和Candida.parapsilosis 的抗菌活性明显高于布替萘芬,其中1 ,2 ,6 ,13,14 ,19 对Candida.albicans 的抗菌活性是益康唑的8～32 倍,2,13 对Cryptococcu.neoformans 的抗菌活性是布替萘芬的4～8 倍,是益康唑64 ～128 倍。所有化合物对Microsporum .canis 的抗菌活性均高于或相当于益康唑。结论:其中一些化合物显示了较强抗真菌的活性,值得进一步研究。     

N-取代苯基-5-取代苯基-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮衍生物的合成及抗菌活性研究

目的 以苯甲酸为原料,经4步反应合成一系列N-取代苯基-5-取代苯基-3H-1,2,4-三氮唑-3-硫酮化合物并研究其抗菌活性。方法 基于课题组前期对新型潜在三唑类抗菌化合物6h的作用机制研究,筛选多个侧链基团,使用乙醇和碳酸钠作溶剂改善最后一步反应条件,通过硅胶柱色谱分离纯化目标化合物,合成一系列1,2,4-三唑类化合物并采用质谱(MS)和1H NMR、13C NMR进行结构表征。通过琼脂扩散法初步筛选所有化合物对肺炎克雷伯菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌3种常见菌株的抗菌活性,并通过微量稀释法进一步测定它们的最小抑菌浓度(MIC值)。结果 合成17个含有卤代苯基和其他侧链基团的目标化合物,其MS以及核磁共振谱图数据表明所有化合物结构正确。抗菌活性初步筛选可知化合物6a、6b、6d、6f、6g、6h、6k、6m和6p等9个化合物具有不错的抑菌能力,其MIC测试结果表明,大部分化合物对所测菌株的MIC值在25~100μg/mL范围内。尤其是化合物6h和6k对肺炎克雷伯菌的MIC值达到25μg/mL,抑菌活性与对照药物氨苄西林相当。结论 在前期作用机制研究基础上,通过对构效关系的阐述,发现一些侧链片段如间位卤代苯基或对位卤代苯基、三氟甲基苯基等具有吸电子基团的苯基、吡啶基等对1,2,4-三唑类衍生物的抗菌活性有明显增强作用,证实侧链基团与受体蛋白形成特异性协调作用和氢键作用从而发挥衍生物的抗菌活性。     

新抗真菌剂三氮唑丙醇类含氮衍生物的合成

目的 设计合成三氮唑丙醇类含氮化合物，以寻找较好的抗真菌药物。方法 以间二氟苯为原料，经4步反应制得目标化合物。结果 共合成11个化合物，经IR和^1H-NMR确证其结构。结论 所合成的11个化合物中，10个化合物均有不同程度的抗真菌活性。     

7,8-二甲氧基-3-(3-碘丙基)-1,3-二氢-2H-3-苯并氮杂革-2-酮的制备

目的合成抗心绞痛的新药伊伐布雷定的关键中间体7,8-二甲氧基-3-(3-碘丙基)-1,3-二氢-2H-3-苯并氮杂--2-酮。方法以3,4-二甲氧基苯乙酸为原料,经卤化、酰化、环合、烷基化、碘取代等反应制得目标化合物。结果五步反应总收率为63.6%,产物经MS1、HNMR确证结构。结论所用工艺路线具有原料易得、操作简便、收率较高的特点,适用于该中间体的放大制备。     

Adamantane-derived scaffolds targeting the sigma-2 receptor; an in vitro and in silico study

Novel adamantane-based compounds were synthesized and assessed as potential sigma-2 receptor ligands. Molecular docking and 50 ns molecular dynamic simulation were carried out to determine the binding modes, mechanism of interaction, and stability of these compounds within the active site of the sigma-2 receptor. In addition, the ADME-T properties have been explored. The cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines that express sigma-2 receptors was also examined. In addition, the in silico and cytotoxicity data for the new compounds were compared to a reference sigma-2 receptor ligand with high receptor-binding affinity and selectivity. The data suggests that the new compounds interact with the sigma-2 receptor in a comparable manner to the reference compound, and that adamantane can be used as a scaffold to synthesize sigma-2 receptor ligands with useful functional groups that can be used to conjugate moieties for tumor-imaging or cytotoxic cargo delivery.     

萘甲基三唑羧酸类化合物的合成及其抑制URAT1活性的研究

目的设计合成一类含萘甲基三唑结构的羧酸类化合物,并对其抑制尿酸转运体1(URAT1)的活性进行研究。方法以4-溴甲基萘、1H-1,2,4-三氮唑-3-硫醇和溴乙酸甲酯为起始原料,通过取代、水解等反应合成目标化合物,并对其抑制URAT1的活性进行研究。结果设计并合成了3个目标化合物,结构经1H-NMR和MS确证。活性测试结果显示化合物F-2和G-2具有比阳性对照药lesinurad还要强的URAT1抑制活性。结论设计了一条合成目标化合物的简易路线,该路线操作简便、路线短、收率高。目标化合物也具有一定的生物活性。     

Triazole: A Promising Antitubercular Agent

Tuberculosis is a contagious disease with comparatively high mortality worldwide. The statistics shows that around three million people throughout the world die annually from tuberculosis and there are around eight million new cases each year, of which developing countries showed major share. Therefore, the discovery and development of effective antituberculosis drugs with novel mechanism of action have become an insistent task for infectious diseases research programs. The literature reveals that, heterocyclic moieties have drawn attention of the chemists, pharmacologists, microbiologists, and other researchers owing to its indomitable biological potential as anti‐infective agents. Among heterocyclic compounds, triazole (1,2,3‐triazole/1,2,4‐triazole) nucleus is one of the most important and well‐known heterocycles, which is a common and integral feature of a variety of natural products and medicinal agents. Triazole core is considered as a privileged structure in medicinal chemistry and is widely used as ‘parental’ compounds to synthesize molecules with medical benefits, especially with infection‐related activities. In the present review, we have collated published reports on this versatile core to provide an insight so that its complete therapeutic potential can be utilized for the treatment of tuberculosis. This review also explores triazole as a potential targeted core moiety against tuberculosis and various research ongoing worldwide. It is hoped that this review will be helpful for new thoughts in the quest for rational designs of more active and less toxic triazole‐based antituberculosis drugs.     

A new series of Schiff base derivatives bearing 1,2,3‐triazole: Design,synthesis, molecular docking,and α‐glucosidase inhibition

A series of new Schiff bases bearing 1,2,3‐triazole 12a ? o was designed, synthesized, and evaluated as α‐glucosidase inhibitors. All the synthesized compounds showed promising inhibition against α‐glucosidase and were more potent than the standard drug acarbose. The kinetic study on the most potent compound 12n showed that this compound acted as a competitive α‐glucosidase inhibitor. The docking study revealed that the synthesized compounds interacted with the important residues in the active site of α‐glucosidase.     

Synthesis and antitumor activity of triazolium-bis(triazole)-tetrachlororuthenate (III) and bistriazolium-triazolepentachlororuthenate (III). Two representatives of a new class of inorganic antitumor agents

The synthesis of the two water-soluble heterocycle coordinated ruthenium complexes triazolium-bis(triazole) tetrachlororuthenate (III), TrH(RuTr2Cl4), and bistriazolium-triazolepentachlororuthenate (III), (TrH)2(RuTrCl5), is described. For these complexes, antitumor activity against the P 388 leukemia model was observed with T/C values of 137% to 150%, compared with 144% and 175% for 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin, respectively. These complexes belong to a new class of antitumor active ruthenium compounds with the general formulas HB(RuB2Cl4) and (HB) 2(RuBCl5). The here described complexes with B = triazole are less active than the same type of complexes with B = imidazole, which were described by us previously.     

New 1,2,3‐triazole‐based analogues of benznidazole for use against Trypanosoma cruzi infection: In vitro and in vivo evaluations

Chagas disease has spread throughout the world mainly because of the migration of infected individuals. In Brazil, only benznidazole (Bnz) is used; however, it is toxic and not active in the chronic phase, and cases of resistance are described. This work aimed at the synthesis and the trypanocidal evaluation in vitro and in vivo of six new Bnz analogues ( 3–8 ). They were designed by exploring the bioisosteric substitution between the amide group contained in Bnz and the 1,2,3‐triazole ring. All the compounds were synthesized in good yields. With the exception of compound 7 , the in vitro biological evaluation shows that all Bnz analogues were active against the amastigote form, whereas only compounds 3 , 4 , 5 , and 8 were active against trypomastigote. Compounds 4 and 5 showed the most promising activities in vitro against the form of trypomastigote, being more active than Bnz. In vivo evaluation of compounds, 3–8 showed lower potency and higher toxicity than Bnz. Although the 1,2,3‐triazole ring has been described in the literature as an amide bioisostere, its substitution here has reduced the activity of the compounds and made them more toxic. Thus, further molecular optimization could provide novel therapeutic agents for Chagas’ disease.     

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of technetium‐99m‐labeled propylene amine oxime complexes containing nitroimidazole and nitrotriazole groups as hypoxia markers

Hypoxia markers have been the subject of intensive research in radiopharmaceuticals, but there is little work on markers with multi‐redox centers. It is necessary to further develop and investigate the compounds containing multi‐redox centers systematically. Two propylene amine oxime ligands, compound 1, containing 3‐nitro‐1,2,4‐triazole and 4‐nitroimidazole and compound 2, containing 3‐nitro‐1,2,4‐triazole and 2‐nitroimidazole were synthesized and radiolabeled with ^99m Tc; then these complexes were also evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Some comparisons were made with the other complexes of our previous work, and some interesting conclusions were obtained. ^99mTc‐1 and ^99mTc‐2 displayed significant hypoxic/normoxic differentials in both S180 and H22 cell lines. These complexes held moderate tumor‐to‐blood and tumor‐to‐muscle ratios, indicating they might serve as novel hypoxia markers. Some comparisons showed the in vitro evaluation may be connected with the number and the type of the redox centers, and the biodistribution experiments may have relation with the hydrophilicity and the type of redox centers.