成人先天性胆管扩张症手术治疗

目的 探讨成人先天性胆管扩张症手术治疗的经验体会。方法 回顾分析1985年1月至2004年12月中国医科大学附属第一医院普外科收治的成人先天胆管扩张症68例手术治疗资料。依Flanigan分型：Ⅰ型59例，Ⅱ型3例，Ⅳ型6例。所有病例均行囊肿切除，结果 术后发生胆汁漏6例。胰漏3例，急性胰腺炎2例。死亡2例，56例经1-20年随访，随访率为82．3％。5例表现轻度胆管炎，2例吻合口狭窄。余下49例均痊愈，无胆管炎及胆管狭窄表现。结论 囊肿切除、胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合是成人先天性胆管扩张症的首选治疗。切除囊肿时，囊肿近端在尽量切净囊肿基础上行大口吻合，防止术后吻合口狭窄；囊肿远端在保证睫液引流通畅、不损伤胰管开口的基础上，尽量切净囊肿内膜。     

手术治疗成人先天性胆管扩张症41例分析

目的总结我院普外科治疗成人先天性胆管扩张症的经验。方法回顾分析2005年4月至2013年9月安阳地区医院普外科收治的接受囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux-Y吻合的41例成人先天性胆管扩张症患者的临床资料。根据Todani分型:Ia型27例,Ic型12例,IVa型2例。结果术后发生胆漏4例,胰漏1例,急性胰腺炎1例。32例随访1~8年,5例表现轻度胆管炎,2例吻合口狭窄,1例发生癌变。结论囊肿切除、胆管空肠Roux-Y吻合是成人先天性胆管扩张症首选治疗,该病易早期手术,可逆转肝损害,预后良好。     

37例先天性胆管扩张症诊治体会

目的探讨先天性胆管扩张症诊断与治疗方法。方法总结分析2002年1月至2009年12月我院收治的37例先天性胆管扩张症患者临床资料。结果 37例中有35例行囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,1例行囊肿切除、T管引流术,1例行囊肿外引流术,3月后再次行囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术。术后并发症胆漏2例,对症治疗后好转,无死亡。37例经1～8年随访,1例表现轻度反复发作胆管炎,其余均痊愈,无胆管狭窄表现。结论 MRCP对该病有较高的检出率;胆管扩张症手术治疗的关键在于手术方式和手术时机的选择,囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术是治疗该病的主要手术方式。     

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目的探讨完全腹腔镜下扩张胆管切除、胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗成人先天性胆管扩张症的可行性与安全性。方法回顾性分析2008年5月至2011年9月中国医科大学附属盛京医院普外科收治的接受完全腹腔镜囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合手术治疗的14例成人先天性胆管扩张症病人的临床资料。结果 14例腹腔镜手术均顺利完成,无中转开腹手术。平均手术时间195min,术中平均失血量80mL,术后平均76h排气或排便,术后平均住院时间6.1d。除1例术后有少量胆汁漏外,无严重术后并发症发生,均顺利恢复。术后随访3~40个月,无腹痛、发热、黄疸等症状。结论完全腹腔镜成人先天性胆管扩张症囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y术安全可行的,具有创伤小、恢复快的优点,值得推广。     

先天性胆管囊状扩张症不同术式分析

目的 比较先天性胆管囊状扩张症不同术式的疗效。方法 回顾性分析198例先天性胆管囊状扩张症不同外科治疗方式的随访结果。结果 囊肿全切除组疗效明显优于囊肿次全切除组和单纯囊肿内引流组，后者易并发继发性胆管结石、胆管炎及残留囊状扩张胆管癌变。结论 先天性胆管囊状扩张症手术方式首选根治性囊肿切除，合并局限性肝内胆管囊状扩张者应联合实施肝部分切除，应尽量避免采用囊肿大部切除或单纯囊肿内引流。     

先天性胆管囊状扩张症术后胆肠吻合口狭窄再次手术分析

目的分析先天性胆管囊状扩张症术后胆肠吻合口狭窄的原因。方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2018年6月湖南省人民医院肝胆外科收治的先天性胆管囊状扩张症术后胆肠吻合口狭窄的28例患者的临床及随访资料。该组患者吻合口狭窄距上次手术0.2～25年, 平均15年。结果 26例为良性狭窄, 2例癌变。26例重新行胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合, 其中合并肝叶切除8例。2例因吻合口癌变仅行胆道外引流术。无住院死亡, 无严重并发症。术后随访时间6～67个月, 2例肿瘤患者于半年内死亡, 其余患者均未发生远期并发症。结论胆肠吻合口狭窄是先天性胆管囊状扩张症术后远期严重的并发症之一, 宽敞、无张力的胆肠吻合可能有助于减少远期吻合口狭窄。     

先天性胆管扩张症16例诊治体会

目的探讨先天性胆管扩张症的诊断和治疗。方法分析1997年4月-2005年8月收治的16例先天性胆管扩张症的临床资料。结果本组16例,男5例,女11例,最小为56 d,最大为54岁。其中≤16岁7例。按Todani分型：Ⅰ型12例,Ⅳa型3例,Ⅴ型1例。术前行BUS检查16例,BUS＋CT检查9例,BUS（B-model ultrasonography）＋MRCP 4例,其中经皮肝胆管造影（percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography,PTC）1例,均明确诊断。全组行囊肿切除＋肝管空肠Roux-Y吻合术11例,左半肝切除＋胆总管切开T管外引流术1例,胆囊切除＋胆总管（囊肿）切开取石T管外引流术1例,囊肿切开T管外引流术2例。术后发生胰漏1例,治愈。因胆肠吻合口狭窄肝内胆管结石伴胆管炎反复发作术后3年再手术1例。非手术治疗1例。结论BUS可作为先天性胆管扩张症首选检查项目。磁共振胰胆管造影术（magnetic resonance cholangiopan-creatography,MRCP）因其无创,可提供完整清晰胆管树影像,有助于临床分型及术式的选择。囊肿切除胆肠内引流是先天性胆管扩张症的主要术式。局限于一叶/段肝内胆管扩张症（Caroli氏病）可选择肝切除。同时应注意对胆管狭窄、结石的处理。彭氏多功能手术解剖器（Peng’s multiple operative dissector,PMOD）可提供较为清晰的术野,从而避免门脉的损伤。     

先天性胆管囊状扩张症不同术式分析

目的　比较先天性胆管囊状扩张症不同术式的疗效。方法　回顾性分析 198例先天性胆管囊状扩张症不同外科治疗方式的随访结果。结果　囊肿全切除组疗效明显优于囊肿次全切除组和单纯囊肿内引流组 ,后者易并发继发性胆管结石、胆管炎及残留囊状扩张胆管癌变。结论先天性胆管囊状扩张症手术方式首选根治性囊肿切除 ,合并局限性肝内胆管囊状扩张者应联合实施肝部分切除 ,应尽量避免采用囊肿大部切除或单纯囊肿内引流。     

成人先天性胆管囊状扩张症的诊治体会(附22例报告)

目的探讨成人先天性胆管囊状扩张症的诊断及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析我院1984年～2006年收治的成人先天性胆管囊状扩张症22例的临床资料。结果本组22例均行手术治疗。囊肿内引流术再手术率高。囊肿切除肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术无再手术病例,术后并发胆管炎3例、胰腺炎1例、胆瘘1例,均经保守治疗痊愈。全组无手术死亡病例。结论成人先天性胆管囊状扩张症经术前影像学检查能明确分型。单纯内引流术应摒弃,外引流术可为二期手术创造条件。囊肿切除肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术为根治性术式。     

先天性胆管扩张症诊治过程中应该注意的几个问题

目的复习文献及结合本中心的诊治经验,探讨先天性胆管扩张症诊治过程中应该注意的问题。方法总结分析我院2000年3月至2012年5月共收治的147例先天性胆管扩张症患者的临床资料。结果 147例患者中,接受手术治疗126例,其中术式包括:①囊肿完整切除、肝总管空肠端侧吻合98例;②囊肿大部分切除、肝总管空肠端侧吻合14例;③胰十二指肠切除术3例(其中1例为胆总管下端囊肿癌变);④11例癌变患者1例行胰十二指肠切除术,7例行胆管癌根治术,3例行姑息性外引流术;⑤1例患者因合并胆总管囊肿破裂出血并胆汁性腹膜炎而行单纯外引流术。126例手术患者中获随访89例,随访率为70.6%,随访2个月-8年,平均37个月。结论先天性胆管扩张症的手术方式已较为规范,但是关于囊肿切除范围、胆道重建中抗反流袢的长度以及成人先天性胆管扩张症等治疗方面应该引起外科医师的重视。     

先天性胆总管囊肿手术治疗体会

目的 总结先天性胆总管囊肿手术治疗的经验体会.方法 回顾分析我院自1998年1月至2006年7月收治先天性胆总管囊肿76例的临床资料.结果 65例接受根治性手术治疗,术后胰漏2例,均经保守治疗痊愈,无胆管损伤,随访期内未见吻合口狭窄.结论 先天性胆总管囊肿的治疗要充分注意病史和临床表现的多样性特点,选择合适的手术时机及手术方式,手术中根据具体病人的解剖病理情况,结合影像学及病史特点,合理处理关键细节,是手术取得完美效果的关键.     

小儿先天性胆管扩张症60例诊治体会

目的 总结先天性胆管扩张症的诊治经验。方法 回顾性分析我院1993年1月～2007年12月收治的60例先天性胆管扩张症的诊治经验。结果 60例均以腹痛、黄疸及腹部肿块等临床症状结合B超、CT检查而确诊,均行囊肿切除,肝管空肠Roux-Y吻合术而痊愈。结论 B超、CT对先天性胆管扩张症的诊断和指导手术均有帮助。囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux-Y吻合术可达到满意的治疗效果,是目前首选的术式。     

Massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage following internal drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts]

In operative treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts by inner drainage there is a risk of massive gastrointestinal bleeding particularly following an anastomosis to the stomach. In 10 patients in whom cystogastrostomy or cystoduodenostomy had been performed elsewhere a second laparotomy was necessary because of acute bleeding. In one patient a cystadenoma of the pancreas had been anastomosed to the duodenum by mistake at the previous operation. The leak of obliteration of the cyst is suggested to be the most important factor in the pathophysiology of bleeding. Inner pseudocyst drainage in a disconnected small bowel loop therefore principally should be performed at the lowest point of the cyst. The indication for an inner cyst drainage, however, must be closely examined since simultaneous pathologic changes in the pancreas often justify a resection to remove the origin of the cyst and, further, averting the complications of an inadequate inner pancreatic cyst drainage.     

Pancreaticojejunostomy with invagination of spatulated pancreatic stump into a jejunal pouch

BACKGROUND: Pancreaticoenteric anastomosis after pancreatic resection is of major concern as anastomotic leak continues to be common. There is no unanimity for the preferred technique and overall incidence of pancreatic leak is reported to be 2% to 14%. METHODS: A new safe method of anastomosing pancreatic stump to a jejunal pouch is described. A 15-cm length of the jejunal end is detubularized and reconfigurated into a U-shaped patch. The pancreatic stump is mobilized for about 3 cm and the duct is spatulated posteriorly and anastomosed to a cut in convex margins of the patch. This is converted into a pouch invaginating the spatulated pancreaticojejunal anastomosis. RESULTS: Eleven cases of periampullary malignancy after pancreaticoduodenectomy have been operated on with no pancreatic leak. CONCLUSIONS: Even a bulky pancreas can be invaginated into the pouch. The resulting anastomosis is completely intraluminal. Spatulated mucosa to mucosa anastomosis should reduce the chances of late stenosis.     

儿童及成人先天性胆总管囊肿对比临床分析

目的　研究儿童及成人先天性胆总管囊肿的不同特点 ,提高对先天性胆总管囊肿的诊治水平。方法　回顾分析 3 2例先天性胆总管囊肿的诊治资料 ,将其分为少儿 ( <14岁 )和成人( >14岁 )发病组 ,分析两者不同的临床表现、诊断和治疗特点。结果　少儿组 17例 ,临床表现为持续性黄疸、肝肿大、腹部包块 ,术前一般情况差 ,保守治疗 6例 ,其中 2例因肝硬化腹水 ,肝功能衰竭死亡 ,1例未愈出院 ,3例延期手术 ;手术 14例 ,13例行肝管空肠Roux -Y吻合 ,1例行肝管十二指肠吻合术。成人组 15例 ,以间歇性右上腹疼痛、畏寒发热、黄疸首次就诊 ,分别行囊肿切除肝管空肠吻合术 ( 12例 )、肝管十二指肠吻合术 ( 1例 )、肝左叶并囊肿切除肝管空肠吻合术 ( 2例 )。结论　先天性胆总管囊肿发病患儿起病急 ,病情发展快 ,易合并肝脏损害 ,应加强围手术期支持治疗 ;成人囊肿切除胆道重建术后 ,应密切随访 ,防治胆管炎及胆道癌变     

胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎18例外科治疗体会

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎的外科治疗效果。方法〓回顾性分析1999年1月~2013年12月15年间经手术治疗的18例胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎患者的临床资料。18例中4例合并胰管结石,5例合并胰腺囊肿;10例行胰十二指肠切除术,4例行胰管空肠Roux-y吻合术,2例行胰腺囊肿空肠Roux-y吻合术,1例行胆总管空肠Roux-y吻合术,1例同时行胰肠吻合和胃空肠吻合术。结果〓17例完成手术,1例损伤肠系膜上静脉大出血术中死亡。术后出现胸腔积液2例,切口裂开1例。获随访13例,行胰十二指肠切除术8例疼痛完全消失;胰肠或胆肠吻合4例疼痛部分缓解;1例顽固性疼痛,反复住院治疗。结论〓外科手术是胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎的有效治疗方式,胰十二指肠切除术效果显著。     

Producing experimental cholangiectasis in dogs by the stripping method

Despite the general belief that cholangiectasis is caused by biliary stenosis, clinical cases of cholangiectasis exist which do not seem to have biliary stenosis. The purpose of this research was to produce cholangiectasis models without stenosis, and it was found that stripping the surrounding supportive tissues from the extrahepatic bile duct resulted in cholangiectasis without biliary stenosis. The maximum diameter and intraluminal pressure of the bile duct were specifically examined in 24 mongrel dogs before and 4 weeks after stripping. The mean diameter of the bile duct was 2.44 mm before stripping but 6.47 mm 4 weeks after stripping, the latter being significantly larger than the former (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in biliary passage according to cholangiomanometry performed before and after stripping, which indicated an absence of biliary stenosis. Histological examination of the bile duct wall and duodenal papilla after stripping showed only mild inflammatory changes. These models could thus be used for the analysis of cholangiectasis without biliary stenosis. Moreover, these models clinically suggest that there are cases of cholangiectasis without biliary stenosis and that sphincteroplasty or choledochojejunostomy should not be applied blindly. In other words, these techniques should only be applied when biliary stenosis has been observed after careful examination.     

Choledochal cyst, pancreatobiliary malunion, and cancer

A review of the clinical features of biliary cancer with choledochal cyst and pancreatobiliary malunion is presented, together with a recent case report. Biliary cancer develops in about 25% of patients with choledochal cyst and pancreatobiliary malunion, and usually occurs in younger patients (usually those in their 40s) than does biliary carcinoma in the general population. The risk of malignancy in the retained cyst with internal drainage is higher than that in the primary cyst. Early excision of the retained cyst should be performed as quickly as possible, even if the patient is symptomless. Some bile acid fractions and refluxed pancreatic enzymes in bile are possibly responsible for carcinogenesis. Carcinoma generally develops in the extrahepatic bile duct and gallbladder, and rarely in the intrahepatic bile duct. In cystic dilatation, cancer usually occurs in the common bile duct, while in diffuse or non-dilated type, it develops in the gallbladder. Multicentric carcinomas develop in the bile duct either synchronously or metachronously. The prognosis of biliary cancer is usually dismal. However, aggressive procedures are now gaining better results than conventional approaches. The procedure of choice for choledochal cyst or malunion is to prevent the development of cancer by performing an early excision. Removal of the entire extrahepatic bile duct is necessary, even in patients with malunion and no biliary dilatation. Carcinoma rarely arises in the intrahepatic bile duct after excisional surgery, probably due to the long-standing stricture of the bile duct. Capacious anastomosis and/or ductoplasty is essential. Carcinoma may also develop in the remnant bile duct. Excision of the distal duct extending into the pancreas is also necessary.     

成人先天性胆总管囊肿的诊断及治疗

目的 探讨成人先天性胆总管囊肿的诊断和治疗。方法 对收治的53例成人先天性胆总管囊肿病人进行分析。B超诊断正确率90．57％(48／53)。49例行囊肿切除和肝总管空肠Roux-Y吻合术。2例因癌变分别行肝门胆管癌根治术和胰十二指肠切除术。手术死亡率1．89％。结果 随访43例,随访率81．13％,平均随访32个月,约90％的病人能从事一般体力劳动,未观察到恶变者。结论 B超应作为先天性胆总管囊肿的首选检查,囊肿切除和肝总管空肠Roux-Y吻合术应作为首选术式,早期诊断,早期治疗,控制囊肿发展,减少并发症是改善先天性胆总管囊肿的关键。