非小细胞肺癌患者呼出气冷凝液中p53蛋白检测的临床意义

Objective To study the clinical significance of the detection of p53 protein in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods EBC and plasma of 98 patients with NSCLC were collected,p53 protein expression in EBC and plasma was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and the data were compared with those of 98 healthy controls. p53 protein expression in cancer tissue of 98 patients with NSCLC was detected by immunohistochemistry. p53 protein expression in EBC and plasma and positive expression rate of p53 protein in cancer tissue were compared among patients with different lung cancer type,stage,histologic type,tumor size,and lymph node metastasis,smoking history. The specificity and sensitivity of diagnosis of p53 protein in patients with NSCLC were analyzed by ROC curve. Results ① The level of p53 protein in EBC of patients with NSCLC was significantly higher than that in healthy control group [(233.99±7.91) ng/L vs ( 130. 26 ± 4. 73) ng/L,P ＜0. 01]. The level of p53 protein in serum of patients with NSCI.C was significantly higher than that in healthy control group [(292. 58 ± 8. 79) ng/L vs (141. 66±3. 33) ng/L,P ＜0. 01]. ② The level of p53 protein in EBC of patients with central lung cancer was higher than that in patients with peripheral lung cancer [(248. 22 ± 8. 58) ng/L vs (215. 78 ± 6.61) ng/L,P＜0. 01]. ③The level of p53 protein in EBC of patients with positive immunostaining group was higher than that in negative group [(249.77 ± 8.07) ng/L vs (216.86 ± 7.44) ng/L,P ＜ 0. 05]. ④The level of p53 protein in serum of smokers was significantly higher than that in non-smokers [(310.18 ± 9.04) ng/L vs (254. 55 ± 6. 91) ng/L,P ＜0. 01]. ⑤The positive expression rate of p53 protein in cancer tissue was 47. 96% (47/98). ⑥The sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis of p53 protein were 95. 90% and 90. 04% in plasma,and those were 92. 90% and 79. 59% in EBC. The cut off values of p53 protein were respectively 175. 68 ng/L and 166. 26 ng/L in EBC and serum. Conclusions The detection of p53 protein in EBC of patients with NSCLC is helpful for the diagnosis of lung cancer.     

Lymphatic metastasis and nm23H1 genetic instability in Chinese colon cancer patients

AIM: To investigate the pathogenic mechanism of colon cancer at the molecular level and to elucidate the relationship between intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and nm23H1 genes and Chinese patients with colon cancer.METHODS: DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded materials. Polymerase chain reaction-single s~and conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) was used to analyze MSI and LOH. Expression of ICAM-1 was detected by Envision immuno-histochemistry. Experimental results were analyzed with Leica-Qwin computer imaging techniques and SPSS software of statistics.RESULTS: ICAM-1 expression of lymphatic endothelium was negative in normal colon and posi0ve in colon cancer respectively. The number of lymphatics positive for ICAM-1 was gradually increased with degree of cancer invasion (P<0.01). In the group with metastasis of colon cancer, bhe number of lymphatics positive for ICAM-1 in lymph nodes was more than that in the group with no metastasis (P<0.01). The frequency of MSI, LOH and nm23H1 protein was 26.67%, 20.00% and 53.33% in colon cancer, respectively. In TNM staging, MSI (43.75%) and nm23H1 protein (81.25%) in stages I+II weredetected more easily than the corresponding indexes (MSI:7.14%, P<0.05 and nm23H,: 21.43%, P<0.01) in stages III+IV. By comparison, the frequency of LOH (35.71%) in stages III+IV was more than that of LOH (6.25%, P<0.05) in stages I+II. LOH exhibited a rising trend along with the Duke‘s staging, nm23H1 protein in the group of tubular adenocarcinoma (60.00%) was higher expressed than that in the group of mucoid adenocarcinoma (20.00%) (P<0.01),and exhibited a rising trend with the differentiation degrees of tubular adenocarcinoma, nm23H, protein in MSI positive group was higher expressed (75%) than that in MSI negative group (45.45%, P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The expression of ICAM-1 in lymphatic vessels is beneficial to the judgement of the invasion and metastasis ability of colon cancer and the anti-tumor immunity function,and shows an important clinical significance in predicting lymphatic metastasis of colon cancer. MSI and LOH may separately control the development of sporadic colon cancer with different pathways. LOH mostly arises in the late period of sporadic colon cancer and endows a high aggressive and poor prognostic phenotype. By compassion, MSI may be an early period molecule marker for sporadic colon cancer, enhanced expression of nm23H1 protein can effectively inhibit colon cancer metastasis and improve prognosis of sporadic colon cancer patients.     

Expression of interferon-alpha／beta receptor protein in liver of patients with hepatitis C virus-related chronic liver disease

ABM: To study the expression of interferon-alpha/beta (IFN-α/β) receptor protein in liver of patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related chronic liver disease and its clinical significance. METHODS: A total of 181 patients with HCV-related chronic liver disease included 56 with HCV-related liver cirrhosis (LC) and 125 with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). CHC patients were treated with five megaunits of interferon-α1b six times weekly for the first 2 weeks and then every other day for 22 wk. The patients were divided into interferon (IFN) treatment-responsive and non-responsive groups, but 36 patients lost follow-up shortly after receiving the treatment. The expression of IFN-α/β receptor (IFN-α/βR) protein in liver of all patients was determined with immunofluorescence. RESULTS: In liver of patients with HCV-related chronic liver disease, the expression of IFN-α/βR protein in liver cell membrane was stronger than that in cytoplasm and more obvious in the surroundings of portal vein than in the surroundings of central vein. Moreover, it was poorly distributed in hepatic lobules. The weak positive, positive and strong positive expression of IFN-α/βR were 40% (50/125), 28% (35/125), 32% (40/125), respectively in CHC group, and 91.1% (51/56), 5.35% (3/56), and 3.56% (2/56), respectively in LC group. The positive and strong positive rates were higher in CHC group than in LC group (P<0.01). In IFN treatment responsive group, 27.8% (10/36) showed weak positive expression; 72.2% (26/36) showed positive or strong positive expression. In the non-responsive group, 71.7% (38/53) showed weak positive expression; 28.3% (15/53) showed positive or strong positive expression. The expression of IFN-α/βR protein in liver was more obvious in IFN treatment responsive group than in non-responsive group. CONCLUSION: Expression of IFN-α/βR protein in liver of patients with HCV-related chronic liver disease is likely involved in the response to IFN treatment.     

Significance of expression of heat shock protein90α in human gastric cancer

AIM: To evaluate the significance of hsp90α expression in human gastric cancer tissues. METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining was used in clinical specimens from 33 cases of gastric cancer and 33 cases of gastritis with rabbit anti-human hsp90α multi-clonal antibody in order to explore the relationship between the expression of hsp90α in gastric carcinoma tissue and gastritis tissue as well as in mucous membrane adjacent to cancer and lymph node metastasis.RESULTS: Hsp90α was detected in 88% of gastric carcinoma cases and 55 % of gastritis cases. The hsp90α positive rate in gastric cancer group was significantly higher than that in gastritis group (P&lt;0.01, P=0.005). The hsp90α positive rate in gastric cancer and in mucous membrane adjacent to cancer was 88% and 55 % respectively (P&lt;0.01,P=0.005). The hsp90α positive rate in lymph node metastasis group and non-lymph node metastasis group was 100% and 60% respectively, and a significant correlation between hsp90α expression and lymph node metastasis was shown (P&lt;0.01,P=0.005). CONCLUSION: The hsp90α expression rate in gastric cancer group was significantly higher than that in gastritis group as well as that in the group of mucous membrane adjacent tocancer. The hsp90α expression in lymphatic node metastasis group was higher than that in non-lymphatic node metastasisgroup. The results indicate that increased hsp90α expression has a close relationship with occurrence and lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer.     

Preliminary Survey on the Prevalence Rate of Hypertension in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Objectives To investigate the prevalence of hypertension and its primary risk factors in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Methods Three hundred and sixty-two patients with DCM(DCM group)and 401 age-matched residents (control group) were enrolled randomly in the study, the hypertensive prevalence rate were calculated respectively in the two groups and were compared with each other; the patients in the DCM group were divided into two subgroups (hypertension subgroup and non-hypertension subgroup) according to whether the patients have hypertension; the clinical data related to blood pressure was compared between the two subgroups. Results The prevalence of hypertension in DCM group was significantly higher than that in the control group (32.8% vs. 20.1%, P<0.01); There were no significant differences on the age, gender, occupation and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) between the two subgroups, but the mean heart rate and the percentage of patients who had family history of hypertension were significantly higher in the hypertension subgroup than that in the non-hypertension subgroup (P<0.05 and P<0.01). Conclusions The prevalence of hypertension in patients with DCM was high; The increased activity of sympathetic nervous system and the hypertensive genetic factor may be the main risk factors of hypertension in patients with DCM.     

P53 immunohistochemical scoring：an independent prognostic marker for patients after hepatocellular carcinoma resection

AIM：To confirm if p53 mutation could be a routine predictive marker for the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patients.METHODS:Two hundreds and forth-four formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples of the patients with HCC receiving liver resection were detected for nuclear accumulation of p53,The percent of p53 immunoreactive tumor cells was scored as 0 to 3+in p53 positive region(&lt;10%-,10-30%+,31-50%++,&gt;50%+++),Proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) and some clinicopathological characteristics,including patients‘sex,preoperative serum AFP level,tumor size,capsule,vascular invasion(both visual and microscopic),and Edmondson grade were also evaluated.RESULTS:In univariate COX harzard regression model anlaysis,tumor size Capsule status,Vascular invasion,and P53 expression were independent factor that were closely related to the overall survival(OS) rates of HCC patients.The Survival rtea of patients with 3+ for P53 expression were much lower than those with 2+or+for capsule(P&lt;0.01)were closely related to the disease-free survival(DFS) of HCC patients.IN multivariate analysis,P53 overexpression (RI 0.5456,P&lt;0.01),was the most significant factor associated with the OS rates of patients after HCC resection,While tumor size(RI 0.5209,P&lt;0.01),vascular invasion (RI0.5271,P&lt;0.01)and capsule(RI-0.8691,P&lt;0.01)were also related to the OS.However,only tumor capsular status was an independent predictive factor (P&lt;0.05),for the DFS.No significant prognostic value was found in PCNA-LI,Edmondson‘s grade,patients‘ sex and preoperative serum AFP level.CONCLUSION:Accumulation of p53 expression,as well as tumor size,capsule and vascular invasion,could be valuable markers for predicting the prognosis of HCC patients after resection.The quantitative immunohistochemical scoring for p53 nuclear accumulation might be more vaiuable for predicting prognosis of patients after HCC resection than the common qualitative analysis.     

Prognostic and clinicopathological features of E-cadherin, α-catenin,β-catenin, γ-catenin and cyclin D1 expression in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

AIM: To investigate the expression of E-cadherin, α-catenin,β-catenin, γ-catenin and cyclin D1 in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and analyze their interrelationship with clinicopathological variables and their effects on prognosis. METHODS: Expression of E-cadherin, α-catenin, β-catenin, γ-catenin and cyclin D1 was determined by EnVision or SABC immunohistochemical technique in patients with ESCC consecutively, their correlation with clinical characteristics was evaluated and analyzed by univariate analysis. RESULTS：The reduced expression rate of E-cadherin, α-catenin, β-catenin and γ-catenin was 88.7%, 69.4%, 35.5% and 53.2%, respectively. Cyclin D1 positive expression ratewas 56.5%. Expression of γ-catenin was inversely correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation and lymph node metastasis (x^2=4.183 and x^2=5.035, respectively, P&lt;0.05), whereas the expression of E-cadherin was correlated only with the degree of differentiation (x^2=5.769, P&lt;0.05). Reduced expression of E-cadherin and γ-catenin was associated with poor differentiation of tumor, reduced expression of γ-catenin was also associated with lymph node metastasis. There obviously existed an inverse correlation between level of E-cadherin and γ-catenin protein and survival. The 3-year survival rates were 100% and 56% in E-cadherin preserved expression group and inreduced expression one and were 78% and 48% in γ-catenin preserved expression group and in reduced expression one, respectively. The differences were both statistically significant. Correlation analysis showed the expression level of α-catenin correlated with that of E-cadherin and β-catenin (P&lt;0.05). CONCLUSION: The reduced expression of E-cadherin and γ-catenin, but not α-catenin, β-catenin and cyclin D1, implies more aggressive malignant behaviors of esophageal carcinoma cells and predicts the poor prognosis of patients.     

Expression of mucins and E-cadherin in gastric carcinoma and their clinical significance

AIM: To investigate the expression of three types of mucin(MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC) and E-cadherin in human gastric carcinomas and their clinical significance. METHODS: Ninety-four gastric cancer specimens were classified according to WHO criteria and detected by immunohistochemical assay of expression of mucins and E-cadherin. RESULTS: The positive expression rates of MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC and E-cadherin were 82% (77/94), 84% (79/94), 40% (38/94) and 56% (53/94) respectively. MUC1 expression was significantly correlated with the types of cancer (the positive rates of MUC1 in well and moderately differentiated tubular adenocardnoma, poorly differentiated adenocardnoma, signet-ring cell carcinoma and mucinous carcinoma were 91%, 87%, 71%, 71%, respectively, P&lt;0.05), age of patients (the positive rates of it among the people who are younger than 40 years, between 40-60 years and over 60 yearwere 74%, 81%, 89%, P&lt;0.05), lymph nodes involvement (the positive rates in the non-interfered group and the interfered group were 78%, 85%, P&lt;0.05) and tumor size (the positive rates in the tumors with the size less than 3 cm, 3-6 cm and larger than 6 cm were 69%, 92%, 69%, P&lt;0.05); MUC2 expression was significantly associated with types of cancers and had the strongest expression in mucinous carcinomas (the posrdve rates of MUC2 in well and moderately differentiated tubular adenocardnoma, poorly differentiated adenocardnoma,signet-ring cell carcinoma and mucinous carcinoma were 94%, 70%, 81%, 100%, P&lt;0.05), but it had no obvious relation to age, gender, tumor location, lymph nodes involvement,depth of invasion and metastasis to extra-gastric organs (P&gt;0.05); MUC5AC expression was not related to any of the characteristics investigated except that it had relation to gender, whereas MUC5AC showed the tendency to higher expression in less invasive lesions and lower expression in advanced stage cancers (P&gt;0.05); No significant difference was found for E-cadherin expression. There were strong positive relationships between the expression of MUC1 and E-cadherin, MUC2 and E-cadherin, MUC1 and MUC2(R=0.33, R=0.22, R=0.32, respectively, P&lt;0.05). According to the COX proportional hazards model, older patients, involvement of lymph nodes, different types of gastri ccancer and MUC2 expression were significantly associated with poorer outcome of gastric carcinoma patients (β=0.08,β=3.94, β=1.33, β=0.75, respectively, P&lt;0.05). CONCLUSION: MUC1 and MUC2 are good markers of different types of gastric cancer. MUC2 is especially a good marker of mucinous carcinoma. MUCl, MUC2 may interfere with the function of E-cadherin in gastric carcinomas, and have synergic effect on progression of gastric cancers.     

Expression of MUC1 in esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma and its relationship with prognosis of patients from Linzhou city,a high incidence area of northern China

AIM: To further characterize the possible relationship between the molecular changes and prognosis of ESC and to elucidate the possible mechanisms involved.METHODS: 114 specimens of ESC were collected from Linzhou city, and all patients were followed up for more than 5 years after resection. Histopathological analysis and immunohistochemical staining (ABC) were employed to detect the alteration of MUCl.RESULTS: The positive immunostaining rate for MUCl was 79 % (90/114), and the high-expression rate was 63 % (72/114). The mean survival periods (months) of those with high- and low-expression rates of MUCl were 41 (95 % CI:35, 47) and 52 (95 % CI: 45, 59), respectively. Patients in the low-expression group obviously survived longer than those in high-expression group, and the difference was significant (P&lt;0.05). The expression of MUCl protein in the esophageal carcinoma specimens with metastasis was stronger than those without metastasis, the difference was also significant (P&lt;0.05). The stepwise multivariate analysis showed that “differentiation”, “expression of MUCl” and “TNM staging” were the most important factors affecting the prognosis of esophageal carcinoma patients (P&lt;0.05).CONCLUSION: A good correlation between the alteration of MUCl and the regional lymph node metastasis was observed. Furthermore, high-expression of MUCl was associated with poor prognosis for esophageal cancer patients. These results indicated that MUCl is a promising biomarker for predicting lymph node metastasis and prognosis in esophageal cancer.     

Relationship between therapeutic efficacy of arterial infusion chemotherapy and expression of P-glycoprotein and p53 protein in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM:TO investigate the relationship between thechemotherapeutic drug efficacy and the expressionof P-glycoprotein(PGP)and p53 protein in advancedhepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS:The study was conducted on 41 patientswith advanced HCC who were treated by repeatedarterial infusion chemotherapy.Biopsy specimens fromthe tumor were collected before the start of treatmentin all the patients,and the specimens were storedfrozen until immunohistochemical staining,which wasperformed after the start of treatment,to detect PGPand p53 protein expressions.Twenty of the forty-one patients were treated with an anthracycline drug(epirubicin hydrochloride;anthracycline group),andthe remaining 21 were treated with a non-anthracyclinedrug(mitoxantrone hydrochloride in 11 patients andcarboplatin in 10 patients;non-anthracycline group).Therelationship between the chemotherapeutic efficacy andthe results of immunostaining were compared betweenthe two groups.RESULTS:Before the start of the treatment,PGP-positive rate was 90.2%(strongly-positive,36.6%)andp53 protein-positive rate was 34.1%(strongly-positive,19.5%).In the anthracycline group,the response ratewas 40.0%.The number of patients showing poorresponse to the treatment was significantly larger in thepatients with strongly positive PGP expression(P=0.005),and their prognoses were poor(P=0.001).In the non-anthracycline group,the response rate was 42.9%, and there was no significant relationship between thechemotherapeutic drug efficacy and the PGP or p53protein expression.When only the data from the 11patients treated with anthraquinone drug,mitoxantrone,were analyzed,however,the number of patients whoshowed poor response to treatment was significantlyhigher among the p53-positive patients(P=0.012),irrespective of the survival outcome.CONCLUSION:The chemotherapeutic efficacy with ananthracycline drug for advanced HCC can be predictedby immunohistochemical analysis of PGP expression.Similarly,immunostaining to evaluate p53 protein maybe useful to predict the response in patients treated withan anthraquinone drug.     

Expression of G3BP and RhoC in esophageal squamous carcinoma and their effect on prognosis

AIM： To investigate the expression and significance of G3BP and RhoC proteins in esophageal squamous carcinoma （ESC）.
METHODS： The expression of G3BP and Rhoc proteins in 80 cases of ESC was detected by immunohistochemistry. The relationship was studied between the expression of the two proteins and tumor size, differentiation degree, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis and prognosis of ESC.
RESULTS： The positive expression rate of G3BP in ESC was 71.25%; and the rate in the lymph node metastasis group was significantly higher than that in the nonlymph node metastasis group （Z = -2.283, P = 0.022）, but no relations were found between G3BP expression and tumor size, differentiation degree and TNM stage （P 〉 0.05）. The group with G3BP positive expression had shorter survival time than the group with G3BP negative expression （P = 0.000）. The positive expression rate of RhoC in ESC was 66.25%; and the rate in the lymph node metastasis group was significantly higher than that in the non-lymph node metastasis group （Z = -2.115, P 〈 0.05）, but no relations were found between RhoC expression and tumor size, differentiation degree and TNM stage （P 〉 0.05）. The RhoC positive expression group had a shorter survival time than the RhoC negative expression group （P 〈 0.001. The expression of G3BP protein correlated positively with the expression of RhoC in ESC tissues （rs = 0.656, P 〈 0.001）.
CONCLUSION： The expression of G3BP and RhoC protein is closely related to the lymph node metastasis and survival in ESC patients. G3BP and RhoC proteins can be considered as predictors of prognosis in ESC patients.     

Inactivation of PTEN is associated with increased angiogenesis and VEGF overexpression in gastric cancer

AIM: To investigate the expression of PTEN/MMAC1/TEP1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), their roles in biologic behavior and angiogenesis and their association in gastric cancer.METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate the expression of PTEN, VEGF and microvascular density (MVD) on paraffin-embedded sections in 70 patients with primary gastric cancer and 24 patients with chronic superficial gastritis (CSG). Expression of PTEN, VEGF and MVD were compared with clinicopathological features of gastric cancer. The relationship between expression of PTEN, VEGF and MVD as well as the relationship between PTEN and VEGF expression in caner cells were investigated. RESULTS: PTEN expression significantly decreased (t= 3.98, P&lt;0.01) whereas both VEGF expression and MVD significant increased (t = 4.29 and 4.41, respectively, both P&lt;0.01) in gastric cancer group compared with CSG group. PTEN expression was significantly down-regulated (t=1.95, P&lt;0.05) whereas VEGF expression (t = 2.37, P&lt;0.05) and MVD (t= 3.28, P&lt;0.01) was significantly up-regulated in advanced gastric cancer compared with early-stage gastric cancer. PTEN expression in gastric cancer showed a negative association with lymph node metastasis (t= 3.91, P&lt;0.01), invasion depth (t= 1.95, P&lt;0.05) and age (t= 4.69, P&lt;0.01). MVD in PTEN-negative gastric cancer was significantly higher than that in PTEN-positive gastric cancer (t=3.69, P&lt;0.01), and there was a negative correlation betweenPTEN expression and MVD (γ=-0.363, P&lt;0.05). VEGF expression was positively associated with invasion depth (especially with serosa invasion, t = 4.69, P&lt;0.01), lymph node metastasis (t= 2.31, P&lt;0.05) and TNM stage (t= 3.04, P&lt;0.01). MVD in VEGF-positive gaslyic cancer was significantly higher than that in VEGF-negative gastric cancer (t=4.62, P&lt;0.01), and there was a positive correlation between VEGF expression of and MVD (y = 0.512, P&lt;0.05). VEGF expression in PTEN-negative gaslyic cancer was significantly stronger than that in PTEN-positive gastric cancer (t=2.61, P&lt;0.05), and there was a significantly negative correlation between the expression of VEGF and PTEN (γ=-0.403, P&lt;0.05).CONCLUSION: Our results imply that inactivation of PTEN gene and over-expression of VEGF contribute to the neovascularization and progression of gastric cancer. PTEN-related angiogenesis might be attributed to its up-regulation of VEGF expression. PTEN and VEGF could be used as the markers reflecting the biologic behaviors of tumor and viable targets in therapeutic approaches to inhibit angiogenesis of gastric cancers.     

Expression of p53and C—myc genes and its clinical relevance in the hepatocellular carcinomatous and pericarcinomatous tissues

AIM：To investigate the possible roles of p53and C-myc genes in the primary hepatocellular carciogenesis and the relationship between the liver hyperplastic nodule(LHN)and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS:The expression of p53and C-myc genes was detcted immunohist-ochemically in 73and 60cases of HCCand pericarcinomatous tissues,respectively.RESULTS:The positive expression of p53in HCCwas significantly higher than that in pericarcinomatous tissues(P&lt;0.050.In pericarcinomatous tissues,the p53 expression was observed onlyin LHN,but not in liver cirrhosis(LC)and normal liver tissues.The positive expression rate of C-myc in HCC or LHN was significantly higher than that in LCor normal liver tissues(P&lt;0.05and P&lt;0.01).however,no significant difference was found between HCCand LHN(P&gt;0.05).The positive expression rate of p53and C-myc in HCCwas correlated with the histological differentiation,that in the poorly6 differentiated was significantly higher than that in well differentiated samples(P&lt;0.05).CONCLUSION:The overexpression of p53and C-myc genes might play a orle in the carcinogenesis of HCC;And LHN seems a preneoplastic lesion related to hepatocarcinogenesis.No evidence supports that LC contribute directly to the hepatocarcinogenesis.     

Significance of vascular endothelial growth factor expression and its correlation with inducible nitric oxide synthase in gastric cancer

AIM:To investigate the clinical significance of the expression of VEGF165mRNA and the correlation with vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) protein and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNO) in human gastric cancer.METHODS:We tested VEGF165mRNA expression in 31 cases of resected gastric cancer specimens and normal paired gastric mucosae by RT-PCR.Total RNA was extracted with TRIzol reagents,transcribed into cDNA with gligo (dT15) priming,inner controlled with β-actin expression and agarose gel isolated after PCR.VEGF expression was quantitated with IS1000 imaging system.Meanwhile we also examined expression levels of VEGF protein and iNOS in 85 cases of gastric cancer.All paraffin-embedded samples were immunohistochimically stained by streptavidin-peroxidase method (SP).RESULTS:The mean expression of VEGF165mRNA in gastric cancer was 1.125&#177;0.356,significantly higher than that of normal paired mucosea,which was 0.760&#177;0.278.The data indicated that the expression level of VEGF165mRNA was well related to lymph node metastasis and TNM stages of UICC.The expression levels in patients with lymph node metastasis and without lhmph node metastasis were 1.219&#177;0.377 and 0.927&#177;0.205 respectively (p&lt;0.05),The expression in stages Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ was 0.934&#177;0.194,1.262&#177;0.386 respectively (p&lt;0.01).Further analysis showed the lymph node metastasis rate in the group with over-expression of VEGF was higher than that in the group with low expression of VEGF(83.3% vs 46.2%),and the ratio of stage Ⅲ+Ⅳ in the group with over-expression of VEGF was also higher than that in the group with low expression with VEGF (77.8% vs 33.8%)(p&lt;0.05).The positive rates of expression of VEGF protein and iNOS in 85 cases of gastric cancer were 75.4% and 58.8% respectively,and 50.1% of the patients showed positive staining both for iNOS and VEGF,the correlation with the two tactors was significant (p=0.018).But more intensive analysis showed the immunoreactive grades of VEGF were not associated with that of iNOS.CONCLUSIONS:The expression of VEGF165mRNA is well related with lymph node metastasis and TNM stages of UICC in gastric cancer of gastric cancer.The relationship can be observed between the expression of VEGF and iNOS in gastric cancer.