三维立体标测指导下环肺静脉线性消融隔离肺静脉治疗房颤

目的：在三维立体标测系统（Carto—Merge）指导下进行环肺静脉线性消融隔离治疗房颤。方法：5例房颤患者（阵发性4例，持续性1例），术前行64排CT检查，重建出的左心房及肺静脉三维图像，在Carto—Merge指导下与患者的心脏解剖结构精确融合，在三维融合图上环肺静脉口周消融，实现肺静脉与左房电隔离。结果：5例患者全部完成预定线性消融，随访3个月4例无房颤发作，1例患者（持续性房颤）术后服用胺碘酮偶有阵发性房颠发作，3个月后无房早及房颤发作；1例患者发生心包填塞并发症；所有患者均无血栓及肺静脉狭窄并发症。结论：三维立体标测系统（Carto—Merge）指导下进行环肺静脉线性消融隔离治疗房颤安全有效。     

三维标测系统指导下的肺静脉前庭隔离术

心房颤动(房颤)导管消融治疗的主要策略目前主要包括以下三种:肺静脉电隔离术、肺静脉前庭电隔离术和左心房线性消融术。肺静脉前庭(pu lmonary ve in antrun)指的是肺静脉开口和左心房体部之间,类似漏斗样扩张的区域,其边缘通常距离肺静脉开口约0.5~1.5 cm,但左肺静脉前庭的前缘往往与肺静脉开口重叠(图1)。传统意义上的左心房后壁实际上包括两侧肺静脉前庭在内,而真正的左心房后壁实际上只是位于两侧肺静脉前庭之间很小面积的一部分心房组织。以上三种消融策略的主要区别见表1和图2。除这3种主要消融策略之外,以心房内的碎裂电位作为靶点…     

肺静脉前庭隔离联合左心房线性及碎裂电位消融治疗持续性心房颤动分析

目的探讨分析肺静脉前庭隔离联合左心房线性及碎裂电位消融治疗持续性心房颤动的临床疗效。方法选取南阳医专第一附属医院收治的持续性房颤患者50例,在充分的术前准备后行肺静脉前庭隔离联合左心房线性及碎裂电位消融术。先肺静脉前庭隔离,然后左心房线性消融,最后心房碎裂电位消融。术后根据患者的情况给予培哚普利及抗心律失常药治疗3个月。结果经过导管射频消融后,转复为窦性心律者10例;4例转为心房扑动,行三尖瓣峡部消融后,成功转复;5例转为房性心动过速,关键的峡部或最早的激动点行射频消融后亦成功转复为;有21例在行电复律后成功转复;其余10例患者出院后,随访结果有3例患者复发心房颤动,7例转为房性心动过速。结论肺静脉前庭隔离联合左心房线性及碎裂电位消融治疗持续性心房颤动临床疗效良好,值得在有条件的医院推广应用。     

肺静脉节段性隔离与环肺静脉隔离导管消融治疗心房颤动的初步比较

目的 比较肺静脉节段性隔离(SPVI)与EnSiteNavX三维电生理系统指导下环肺静脉隔离导管消融(CPVA)治疗心房颤动的有效性与安全性.方法 入选共85例房颤患者,单纯肺静脉环状电极指导下行肺静脉节段性隔离40例(阵发性30例,持续性10例);EnSiteNavX三维电生理系统指导下环肺静脉隔离45例(阵发性31例,持续性14例),随访均超过半年.结果 SPVI组成功率为65%,CPVA组成功率为84.4%,P=0.038.主要并发症发生率SPVI组为17.5%,CPVA组为6.7%,P=0.0845;肺静脉狭窄率在CPVA组为0%,在SPVI组为12.5%,P=0.0312.总手术操作时间在SPVI组为(200.4±37.0)min,在CPVA组为(226.5±26.1)min,P=0.002.X线曝光时间在SPVI组为(54.7±9.7)min,在CPVA组为(27.1±3.1)min,P<0.0001.结论 EnSiteNavX三维电生理系统指导下环肺静脉隔离导管消融治疗房颤较单纯肺静脉环状电极指导下的节段性肺静脉隔离更为有效且X线曝光时间更短,但手术操作时间较长;主要并发症发生率在两组间无明显差异,但环肺静脉隔离组的肺静脉狭窄率较节段性隔离组低.     

三维标测系统指导下阵发性心房颤动导管射频消融近期疗效分析

目的：评价三维标测系统（CARTO）指导下心房颤动导管射频消融治疗的疗效和安全性。方法：2006年3月至2009年3月期间住院治疗的阵发性房颤患者32例,男性22例,女性10例,年龄38—71（61&#177;6．9）岁。在三维标测系统指导下行环肺静脉线性消融,消融的主要终点为肺静脉电隔离,术后口服华法林及抗心律失常药物3个月,术后1,3,6个月复查心电图及24小时动态心电图。结果：32例患者均实现肺静脉电隔离,在术后至少3个月的随访中,6例复发,单次消融成功率为81．25％。6例复发患者中2例接受再次消融并成功,两次消融成功率为87．5％。结论：三维标测系统指引导管环肺静脉线性消融治疗阵发性心房颤动疗效高,安全性好。     

环肺静脉线性消融治疗慢性心房颤动疗效分析

目的探讨三维标测系统指导下环肺静脉线性消融治疗慢性心房颤动(房颤)的疗效和安全性。方法2004年8月至2005年11月间对连续100例慢性房颤患者进行三维标测系统(CARTO系统或EnSiteNavXTM系统)指导下的环肺静脉线性消融,消融的主要终点为肺静脉电学隔离。随访成功的定义为未服用抗心律失常药物无任何房性心律失常发作至少3个月以上。统计相关变量,分析影响成功率的因素。结果平均随访9·7±5·7个月,累计成功率为70%(70例)。复发患者中峡部消融比例及平均射血分数均低于无房颤复发的患者。主要并发症包括心脏压塞3例(3%)、脑卒中1例(1%)、无症状性肺静脉狭窄2例(2%)。结论三维标测系统指导下环肺静脉线性消融治疗慢性房颤疗效较好,安全性有待进一步提高。     

三维标测系统指导下环肺静脉前庭消融术治疗心房颤动

目的探讨三维标测系统（CARTO）指导下环肺静脉前庭消融术（CPVA）治疗心房颤动（以下简称房颤）的有效性与安全性。方法40例药物治疗无效的有临床症状的房颤患者,均在CARTO指导下行CPVA,消融终点为肺静脉电隔离,需要时加入其他消融线。结果手术即刻成功率为100％,3个月后所有患者一次手术成功率为85％（34／40）,二次手术成功率为87．5％（35／40）。阵发性房颤一次手术成功率为90％（27／30）,持续性房颤一次手术成功率为70％（7／10）。无严重并发症发生。结论三维标测系统指导下以环肺静脉前庭消融术为核心,其他消融方法为辅的房颤消融策略治疗心房颤动是安全和有效的。     

阵发性心房颤动肺静脉消融

在ＡＦ发病中，多折返机理已被认可，然而局部组织兴奋性增高和触发活动也起重要作用，已证实极大部分二起源于肺静脉，因此使肺静脉消融治疗ＡＦ成为可能，本文从ＡＦ的特点、病人选择、术前注意事项、消融方法、消融终点以及并发症等方面对ＰＡＦ肺静脉消融进行综合分析。     

电解剖标测系统加单环状电极导管指导环肺静脉前庭线性消融电隔离肺静脉治疗心房颤动

目的 探讨电解剖标测系统(CARTO)加单Lasso导管指导下行环肺静脉前庭线性消融电隔离肺静脉治疗心房颤动(房颤)的初步经验. 方法 3例房颤患者接受治疗,其中阵发性房颤2例,持续性房颤1例.所有患者首先用CARTO系统进行左房重建,然后将一根Lasso导管置入肺静脉内,在肺静脉口外5～10 mm处行环肺静脉前庭线性消融,消融终点为双侧肺静脉完全电隔离. 结果 3例患者均成功达到消融终点,手术时间(205±46)min,X线透视时间(46±13)min.手术过程中无并发症发生.术后随访7个月,3例患者均未再发房颤,均无出现肺静脉狭窄. 结论 在CARTO加单Lasso导管指导下行环肺静脉前庭线性消融电隔离肺静脉治疗房颤安全有效.     

电视胸腔镜辅助下双侧肺静脉隔离治疗心房颤动的临床研究

目的总结11例电视胸腔镜辅助下双侧肺静脉隔离治疗心房颤动的临床经验。探讨该术式的特点及优势。方法选择2005年12月至2009年5月在同济大学附属东方医院心胸外科住院进行房颤治疗患者,房颤不能用药物控制．不能耐受抗心律失常或抗凝药物治疗的患者11例。在胸腔镜下通过小切口,使用AtriCure消融钳分别消融右侧和左侧上、下肺静脉,并切断Marshall韧带,切除左心耳。结果手术顺利,无围手术期死亡,均术后1周出院,随访未见肺静脉狭窄。9例即刻转为窦性心律,3个月随访维持窦性心律8例,总体房颤治愈率73％。结论电视胸腔镜辅助下双侧肺静脉隔离治疗房颤．有较高的安全性,同时技术简单,设备要求不高,是一项值得推广的房颤治疗手段。     

阵发性心房颤动两种射频消融术式的随机对照研究

目的:比较优化导管射频消融术(optimized radiofrequency catheter ablation,ORFCA)和环肺静脉隔离术(circumferential pulmonary vein isolation,CPVI)治疗阵发性心房纤颤(atrial fibrillation,AF)的有效性、安全性。方法:2009年3月至2010年3月于郑州市第七人民医院心内科行射频消融术(radiofrequency cather ab-lation,RFCA)治疗的阵发性AF患者随机分为CPVI组(n=40)和ORFCA术(n=44)。两组采取不同的消融术式,观察患者的左心房直径、房颤持续时间、左心室功能,成功率、并发症发生情况、消融点数、手术时间、曝光时间等数据,并比较两组之间的差别。结果:通过对CPVI组和ORFCA组基本情况的比较我们发现两组的性别组成、年龄、发作病史、左心房直径、左心室功能、应用抗心律失常药物种类方面无差别。CPVI组在消融点数、手术时间、曝光时间、成功率上均小于ORFCA组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组在并发症发生率上无差别。结论:ORFCA术具有和CPVI术相似的安全性,和相对较高的有效性。     

环肺静脉电隔离联合左心房线性消融治疗阵发性心房颤动的临床研究

目的 探讨环肺静脉电隔离联合左心房线性消融治疗阵发性心房颤动(PAF,简称房颤)的临床效果与安全性.方法 选择23例PAF患者,应用Ensite3000 Navx系统和Lasso电极指导下行环肺静脉电隔离及左房顶部线、峡部线消融.消融终点为:在消融过程中房颤终止,且肺静脉电位消失,或房颤不终止,但肺静脉电位消失;若在窦律下消融,肺静脉电位消失;左心房顶部及峡部线达到完全阻滞.结果 23例PAF患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间234～297 min,平均(277±41)min,X线暴光时间29～55 min,19例患者术中出现房颤,其中14例在消融过程中房颤终止且达到肺静脉电隔离,另外5例消融过程中房颤未终止,但肺静脉完全隔离.4例患者在窦性心律下完成了肺静脉电隔离.左心房顶部线全部达到完全阻滞,峡部线有2例未能达到完全阻滞.随访期间发现3个月后有86.9%的患者房颤消失或明显减少.结论 环肺静脉电隔离联合左心房线性消融治疗PAF 安全、可靠. Abstract： Objective To study the clinical efficacy and safety of circumferential pulmonary vein isolation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation(PAF) combined with left atrial linear lesion. Methods Twenty-three PAF patients were performed circumferential pulmonary vein isolation combined linear lesion of left atrial isthmus and loof with Ensite 3000 Navx and Lasso electrodes guiding. Radiofrequency end point, atrial fibrillation stopped and pulmonary vein potentials(PVPs) disappeared, or atrial fibrillation did not stop, but PVPs disappeared. PVPs disappeared if atrial fibrillation was ablated during sinus rhythm. Left atrium loof and isthmus line were complete block.Results Twenty-three PAF patients were performed ablation, operation times were from 234 to 297 minutes, X ray time was from 29 to 55 minutes, 19 atrial fibrillations occurred during operation, of which 14 atrial fibrillations stopped with pulmonary vein isolation and linear lesion, the other 5 atrial fibrillations didn't stop, but which pulmonary veins were isolated. Tour patients were performed pulmonary vein isolation during sinus rhythm. All roof lines were completely block, and 2 left atrial isthmus lines were not completely block. 86.9% patients' atrial fibrillation disappeared or decreased significantly.Conclusions It is safe and efficient to treat PAF with circumferential pulmonary vein isolation combined with left atrial linear lesion.     

不同消融策略治疗阵发性心房颤动的临床研究

目的 研究不同射频导管消融（RFCA）策略治疗阵发性心房颤动（PAF）的临床效果.方法 将44例PAF患者分成两组：①肺静脉电隔离组（PVI）21例,应用Ensite3000 Navx系统和Lasso电极指导下进行环肺静脉电隔离.终点消融为：若房颤发生,在消融过程中房颤终止,且肺静脉电位（PVP）消失,或房颤未终止,但PVP消失 若在窦律下消融,PVP消失.②PVI联合左房线性消融（PVI＋LALL）组23例,除完成PVI外,进行左心房顶部线和峡部线的消融并达到完全阻滞.结果 ①PVI组21例PAF患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间189～267 min,X线暴光时间24～51 min,17例患者术中出现房颤,其中9例在消融过程中房颤终止且达到肺静脉电隔离,另外8例消融过程中房颤未终止,但肺静脉完全隔离.4例患者在窦性心律下完成了肺静脉电隔离.随访期间发现3个月后有67%的患者房颤消失或明显减少.②PVI＋LALL组23例PAF患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间234～297 min,X线暴光时间29～55 min,19例患者术中出现房颤,其中14例在消融过程中房颤终止且达到肺静脉电隔离,另外5例消融过程中房颤未终止,但肺静脉完全隔离.4例患者在窦性心律下完成了肺静脉电隔离.左心房顶部线全部达到完全阻滞,峡部线有5例未能达到完全阻滞.随访期间发现3个月后有86.9%的患者房颤消失或明显减少.与PVI组比较,PVI＋LALL组手术时间明显延长,房颤消融后的随访成功率明显增加（P＞0.05）.结论 环肺静脉电学隔离联合左心房线性消融可以明显提高房颤RFCA后的随访成功率.     

Strategies of catheter ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the commonest type of arrhythmia which is seen as a growing public health burden affecting patients' morbidity and mortality.1 Since the end of last century,catheter ablation has been evolving as the treatment of choice in a particular subset of patients with AF,2,3 and currently being the most common catheter ablation procedure performed worldwide.Most centers have progressively moved from performing paroxysmal AF to more complex long-standing persistent AF.Although 60％-85％ of paroxysmal AF can be sufficiently managed by ablating the triggers through pulmonary vein isolation (PVI),1-3 numerous studies have reported that the success rates of PVI alone in persistent and long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation (PerAF) is significantly low.This created the need for additional strategies to achieve better success rates in PerAF.4 In 2005,Haǐssaguerre et al 5,6 reported high success rates of catheter ablation in patients with PerAF.In their report,apart from PVI,most of the patients underwent additional substrate modification including linear ablation which presented new information on the role of different atrial structures in PerAF maintainance.5 Different centers have reported different strategies and success rates in patients with PerAF.     

Impact of different ablation strategies on the delayed cure after trans-catheter ablation for treating patients with atrial fibrillation

Background Delayed cure had been observed in recurrent cases after index ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF), however, its mechanism and incidence have not been elucidated in detail. This study aims to investigate the impact of different ablation strategies on the incidence of delayed cure and its possible mechanisms after trans-catheter ablation of AF. Methods One hundred and fifty-one consecutive cases with highly symptomatic, drug refractory AF were included in this study ［M/F=109/42, mean age （56.0±11.2） (18-79) years］. Segmental pulmonary vein ablation (SPVA) was performed in 83 patients with the guidance of circular mapping catheter (SPVA Group), circumferential PV linear ablation (CPVA) was carried out in the rest 68 cases under the guidance of 3 dimensional mapping system in conjunction with circular mapping catheter (CPVA Group). Delayed cure was defined as that early recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmias (AF, atrial tachycardia, or atrial flutter) after ablation procedure was no longer observed during subsequent follow-up, and stable sinus rhythm was maintained ≥2 months. Results Early recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmias was detected in 41 cases from SPVA group and 23 cases from CPVA group, and delayed cure occurred in 21.9% (9/41) of the cases from SPVA group and 47.8% (11/23) of the cases from CPVA group, more delayed cure in later group was observed (P&lt;0.05). Meanwhile, patients in SPVA group took a longer time to achieve a delayed cure ［(27.0±18.0) days vs （14.0±8.1） days, P&lt;0.05］, and presented more recurrent episodes ［(3.50±1.08) times a week vs （2.42±1.11） times a week, P&lt;0.05］. However, recurrent episodes after index ablation were markedly decreased in cases with delayed cure from both groups (P&lt;0.05). Conclusions Despite of an early recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythimas after index ablation of AF, delayed cure occurs in a significant number of patients undergoing either SPVA or CPVA. However, different ablation strategies place different impact on the delayed cure, more delayed cure is obtained with CPVA approach, and the delayed cure occurs earlier with this approach; the average recurrent episodes before delayed cure are also less frequently detected in CPVA group compared with those in SPVA group.     

第2代冷冻球囊消融治疗阵发性心房颤动的复发风险因素

目的： 分析第2 代冷冻球囊消融治疗阵发性心房颤动术后复发的风险因素。方法： 选择2017 年3 月至 2018 年6 月期间在中南大学湘雅二医院心血管内科接受第2 代冷冻球囊消融治疗的阵发性心房颤动患者67 例,回顾 性分析阵发性心房颤动患者术后早期复发(术后3 个月内)和晚期复发(术后3 个月后)的发生率并探讨其复发风险因素。 结果： 67 例患者中男性40 例(59.7%)。患者年龄34~84(58.91±10.49)岁,随访4~15(9.04±4.66)个月。15 例(22.4%)患者 为早期复发,16 例(23.9%)患者为晚期复发。16 例晚期复发患者中有12 例为早期复发患者。单因素分析结果提示30 s 右下肺静脉冷冻温度、60 s 右上肺静脉冷冻温度、右下肺静脉最低冷冻温度及左下肺静脉宽度在早期复发组和非早 期复发组间的差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),左房内径、早期复发、左上肺静脉最低冷冻温度在晚期复发组和非晚期 复发组间的差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素logistic 回归分析提示60 s 右上肺静脉冷冻温度是术后早期复发的 独立风险因素(OR=1.108,95% CI：1.002~1.225,P=0.046),早期复发是晚期复发的独立风险因素(OR=24.94,95% CI：7.85~41.91,P=0.020)。结论： 采用第2 代冷冻球囊消融治疗阵发性心房颤动时,60 s 右上肺静脉冷冻温度是术 后早期复发的独立风险因素,术后早期复发是晚期复发的独立风险因素。     

Electroanatomical systems to guided circumferential pulmonary veins ablation for atrial fibrillation: initial experience from comparison between the Ensite/NavX and CARTO system

Background The circumferential pulmonary vein ablation (CPVA) has been proved effective for atrial fibrillation (AF) treatment and is becoming more widely accepted and practiced. This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of the CARTO and the Ensite/NavX system and draw a comparison between them on the aspects of procedural parameters and clinical effectiveness.Methods Seventy-five cases with paroxysmal or chronic symptomatic AF were randomly assigned to CPVA procedure guided by the Ensite/NavX system (group Ⅰ, n=40) and by the CARTO system (group Ⅱ, n=35). After successful transseptal procedure, the geometry of left atrium was created under the guidance of the two systems. Radiofrequency energy was applied to circumferentially ablate tissues out of pulmonary veins’ (PVs’) ostia. In cases with chronic AF, linear ablation was applied to modify the substrate of left atrium （LA）. The endpoint of the procedure was complete PVs isolation. Results Seventy-five cases underwent the procedure successfully. The total procedure and fluoroscopic durations in group Ⅱ were significantly shorter than in group Ⅰ ［(150±23) min and (18±17) min versus (170±34) min and (25±16) min, P=0.03 and 0.04, respectively］. There was no significant difference in the fluoroscopic and procedure durations for geometry creation between group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ ［(8±4) min and (16±11) min versus (5±4) min and (14±8) min, respectively］. The fluoroscopic durations for CPVA were (15±5) min in group Ⅰ versus (10±6) min in group Ⅱ (P=0.05), and the CPVA procedural durations were significantly shorter in group Ⅱ than in group Ⅰ ［(18±11) min versus (25±10) min, P=0.04］. AF was terminated by radio frequency delivery in 14 cases (35%) in group Ⅰ versus 5 cases (14%) in group Ⅱ (P=0.035). After CPVA complete PV isolation was attained in 26 cases (65%) in group Ⅰ versus 11 cases (31%) in group Ⅱ (P=0.004). During a mean follow-up of 7 months, 32 (80%) cases in group Ⅰ and 24 (69%) cases in group Ⅱ were arrhythmia-free (P=0.06). One case developed pericardium effusion and another one case was found to have intestinal artery thrombosis in group Ⅱ. One case had moderate hemothorax in group Ⅰ. All the complications were cured by proper treatment. No PV stenosis was observed. Conclusions The CPVA procedure for atrial fibrillation is effective and safe. Although there is difference between the CARTO and the Ensite/NavX system, the CPVA procedure guided by either of them yields similar clinical results.     

不同射频消融方法治疗阵发性房颤的有效性与安全性的系统评价

目的:分析节段性肺静脉消融与环状肺静脉消融治疗阵发性房颤的有效性与安全性.方法:检索MEDLINE 、EBM等数据库,检索国内外已发表的相关文章.由2位评价者按上述检索策收集资料、按选择标准入选,对节段性肺静脉消融与环形肺静脉消融治疗阵发性房颤的方法的有效性、安全性进行描述性系统评价.结果:检索到2篇随机化临床对照试验文献,研究对象存在异质性,有效性研究终点不一致,Oral等的试验肺静脉环形消融有效率达到89%,而Martin等的试验环形消融有效率为54%,其中安全终点无差异.结论:从系统评价分析,尚不能得出环形肺静脉消融治疗阵发性房颤的有效性与安全性优于节段性肺静脉消融的结论,射频消融治疗房颤疗效的研究终点有待于进一步规范.     

肥胖患者阵发性心房颤动环肺静脉电隔离术后的预后研究

目的评价肥胖患者阵发性心房颤动(房颤)环肺静脉电隔离术后的疗效及预后。方法入选2012年1月~2014年12月在我院首次行导管消融治疗的肥胖阵发性房颤患者70例(体重指数BMI≥28 kg/m2,肥胖组),同期选择按性别、年龄、房颤病程、基础疾病、CHA2DS2-VASc评分、左心房内径、左心室射血分数匹配的70例正常BMI的阵发性房颤患者(18.5≤BMI24 kg/m~2,正常组)。两组均采用环肺静脉电隔离术式治疗。术后随访12个月,比较肥胖组与正常组的复发率,并探讨肥胖对术后复发的影响。结果术后随访12个月,肥胖组的复发率高于正常组(27.1%vs 12.9%,P0.05)。单因素和多因素分析均显示高BMI、扩大的左心房内径是阵发性房颤导管消融术后复发的独立危险因子(P均0.05)。结论肥胖患者阵发性房颤导管消融治疗是有效的。肥胖、左心房扩大是术后复发的独立危险因素。