胎儿期卵圆孔、卵圆瓣异常的超声表现及预后

目的：探讨胎儿期卵圆孔、卵圆瓣异常的超声表现及预后分析。方法产前超声发现胎儿卵圆孔偏大、偏小、近闭合、闭合,卵圆瓣冗长、膨出瘤时,测量卵圆孔内径,观察卵圆瓣形态及活动幅度,卵圆瓣呈弧形膨出时,测量其顶点至卵圆孔内径的距离;彩色多普勒超声观察卵圆孔处血流方向,血流频谱形态及流速;所有胎儿均随访至出生后12个月。结果产前超声发现卵圆孔、卵圆瓣异常共25例;1例急诊剖宫产分娩,2例静脉滴注缩宫素引产分娩;生后随访发现继发孔房间隔缺损2例。结论产前超声发现胎儿卵圆孔、卵圆瓣异常具有重要临床价值,超声随访观察其孕期变化及生后情况,对产前分娩方式时机的选择及临床预后的咨询提供重要依据。     

产前超声心动图对胎儿卵圆孔血流受限或提前闭合的诊断价值分析

目的 探讨产前超声心动图检查对胎儿卵圆孔血流受限或提前闭合（FO-R/C）的诊断价值,为临床防治该疾病提供参考依据。方法 回顾性分析2021年1月至2023年6月通山县妇幼保健院收治的48例产前超声心动图提示FO-R/C胎儿的临床资料,将其作为观察组,选取同期48例产前超声心动图正常胎儿的产检资料,将其作为对照组。统计观察组胎儿超声征象;比较两组胎儿超声定量指标;应用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析超声心动图定量指标对胎儿FO-R/C的诊断效能。结果 观察组胎儿中超声心动图征象表现多为右心房扩大、动脉导管弯曲或呈“S”形改变占比较高,分别为75.00%、66.67%;与对照组比,观察组胎儿右心房内径/左心房内径（RA/LA）、右心室内径/左心室内径（RV/LV）、肺动瓣上血流速度/主动脉瓣上血流速度（VMPA/VAO）、静脉导管阻力指数、主肺动脉内径/主动脉内径（MPA/AO）、卵圆孔最大流速均升高,而卵圆孔环/主动脉瓣环、卵圆孔直径降低（均P<0.05）;ROC曲线分析显示,RA/LA、RV/LV、VMPA/VAO、静脉导管阻力指数、MPA/AO、卵圆孔环/主动脉瓣环、卵圆孔直...     

超声心动图对晚孕期胎儿动脉导管早闭及狭窄产前诊断价值评估

目的：评价超声心动图对晚孕期胎儿动脉导管早闭及狭窄产前诊断价值。方法：选择2019年3月～2021年1月经本院胎儿超声心动图诊断为动脉导管早闭或狭窄的42例胎儿资料作为病例组，另选同期在本院接受产前超声检查的正常胎儿51例作为对照组。观察超声心动图对晚孕期胎儿动脉导管早闭及狭窄的诊断结果，比较两组胎儿超声检测参数，并分析相关随访结果。结果：超声心动图诊断动脉导管关闭31例，动脉导管狭窄5例，漏诊6例，诊断符合率为85.71%(36/42)。病例组患儿动脉导管内径小于对照组，肺动脉内径、右室内径、右房内径大于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。3个月后复查超声心动图：患儿肺动脉压力和右心房室内径均恢复正常，2例患儿三尖瓣轻度反流，40例患儿三尖瓣反流消失。结论：超声心动图能够显示晚孕期动脉导管及狭窄的特殊超声征象，对指导临床分娩有重要价值，从而提高围产儿安全。     

正常胎儿心脏的二维超声检查

目的:建立不同孕周正常胎儿心脏左心房、右心房、左心室、右心室、卵圆孔、主动脉、主肺动脉、动脉导管、上腔静脉、下腔静脉内径的正常参考值范围。方法:应用二维实时超声显像检查358例孕龄在18~30周的胎儿,分别获得胎儿心脏的四腔心断面在舒张末期即心室充盈到最大程度,二、三尖瓣刚关闭成一直线,卵圆孔活瓣即将开放的时相冻结图像测量左心房、右心房、左心室、右心室的最大横径,在卵圆孔活瓣开放到最大程度的时相冻结图像测量卵圆孔孔径;左室流出道断面(左室长轴断面)在主动脉瓣开放到最大程度的时相冻结图像在主动脉瓣瓣尖处测量主动脉起始段内径;右室流出道断面(大血管短轴断面)在肺动脉瓣开放到最大程度的时相冻结图像在肺动脉瓣瓣尖处测量主肺动脉起始段内径;肺动脉/动脉导管长轴断面在肺动脉瓣开放到最大程度的时相冻结图像测量动脉导管内径;上、下腔静脉长轴断面测量上腔静脉、下腔静脉入口处内径。采用SPSS 12.0软件包处理所有获得的数据。结果:经统计学分析可获得不同孕周正常胎儿心脏各结构内径的正常参考值范围(x±s)。结论:该研究建立的正常胎儿心脏各结构内径正常参考值范围为超声工作者提供了判断不同孕周胎儿心脏各结构大小是否正常的参考标准。     

Amplatzer房间隔封堵器治疗房间隔缺损近期疗效观察

目的观察Amplatzer房间隔封堵器(ASO)治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损(ASD)的有效性和可行性.方法在透视及经胸超声心动图(TTE)监视下经导管置入ASO治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损30例,术后包括心电图和TTE在内的临床随访6个月,评价治疗效果.结果30例患者TTE测定ASD直径(22.9±6.3)mm,球囊伸展直径为(23.8±6.7)m,29例患者封堵成功,置入ASO直径(25.8±7.2)mm.术后即刻超声提示48.3%患者有微量或少量分流,3 d后复查降至20.7%,1个月后无分流.术前肺动脉收缩压(PASP)为(46.5±10.7)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),术后6个月为(30.2±9.6)mm Hg,术前右室舒张期内径(RVDD)为(48.5±7.0)m,术后6个月为(35.9±8.1)mm(P＜0.01).术前心功能NYHA分级(1.9±0.5)级,术后6月提高到(1.2±0.4)级.术后无新的心律失常出现,无血栓栓塞发生,无溶血和心内膜炎,无封堵器移位和脱落,无房室瓣功能障碍.结论经导管置入ASO治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损安全有效,近期疗效满意.     

下壁导联“钩形R波”对继发孔型房间隔缺损的诊断价值评价

目的 评价心电图下壁导联中出现＂钩形R波＂对继发孔型房间隔缺损的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析60例经心脏彩超证实患有继发孔型房间隔缺损并已行心导管封堵或手术修补患者的术前及术后心电图,取48例心脏彩超检查未发现房缺的其他心脏病住院患者的心电图为对照组,分别记录两组心电图下壁导联＂钩形R波＂的数目,进行统计分析.结果 （1）房缺组和对照组在下壁导联出现＂钩形R波＂的数目之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）.（2）依据下壁导联中出现＂钩形R波＂来诊断继发孔型房缺,其灵敏度、特异性、诊断符合率、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为75%、88%、81%、88%和74%.（3）术后＂钩形R波＂的消失率为45%.结论 下壁导联＂钩形R波＂的出现有助于诊断继发孔型房间隔缺损.     

产前超声心动图检查诊断胎儿卵圆孔通道血流受限或提前闭合的临床价值

目的探讨产前超声诊断胎儿卵圆孔通道血流受限或提前闭合(FO-R/C)的价值。方法分析62例(观察组)FO-R/C胎儿和60例正常胎儿(对照组)超声心动图资料,观察超声征象、定量指标参数[右室与左室内径比值(Rv/Lv)、主肺动脉与主动脉内径比值(MPA/AO)、FO与主动脉瓣环比、静脉导管阻力指数]的差异;以出生后超声心动图诊断结果为准,分析超声心动图诊断FO-R/C的价值。结果该组FO-R/C右心房扩大检出率最高占79.03%,三尖瓣反流检出率25.81%,房间隔膨出瘤24.19%,静脉导管A波倒置或消失9.68%。观察组FO最大流速、Rv/Lv、MPA/AO、VMPA/VAO、静脉导管阻力指数大于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),测量FO直径、FO最大流速、FO与主动脉瓣环比、VMPA/VAO、静脉导管阻力指数诊断FO-R/C具有较高效能,AUC分别为0.797、0.781、0.859、0.832。结论产前超声检查观测胎儿卵圆孔通道血流频谱、肺静脉频谱及卵圆瓣活动方向对胎儿Fo-R/c鉴别诊断及预防评估有重要价值。     

彩色多普勒超声在新生儿先天性心脏病筛查中的应用价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声在新生儿先天性心脏病筛查中的应用价值,为新生儿先天性心脏病诊断提供参考价值。方法选择2015年1月-2017年6月在台州市立医院听诊发现杂音的40例新生儿为观察组,同期40例健康新生儿为对照组,测量两组心脏腔室内径、左右室壁厚度、主动脉窦部及肺动脉主干内径。分析彩色多普勒超声在观察组新生儿中的先天性心脏病筛查效果,比较房、室间隔缺损,动脉导管未闭新生儿与对照组的心房、室各测量值。结果观察组新生儿共检出27例患有先天性心脏病,占67.50%。其中房间隔缺损10例,占37.04%;室间隔缺损5例,占18.52%;动脉导管未闭6例,占22.22%;肺动脉狭窄2例,占5.41%;法洛四联症2例,占5.41%;肺静脉异位引流1例,占3.70%;房室间隔缺损1例,占3.70%。房间隔缺损的10例新生儿右心房、室各内径与肺动脉主干内径测量值明显大于对照组,室间隔缺损的5例新生儿左心房、室各内径与肺动脉主干内径测量值明显大于对照组,动脉导管未闭的6例新生儿左心房、室各内径(包括左室收缩末期内径、左室舒张末期内径、左心房长径、左心房短径)、右心室前壁厚度与肺动脉主干内径测量值明显大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论彩色多普勒超声对于新生儿先天性心脏病早期诊断具有重要应用价值,超声心动图测量心脏腔室和大动脉内径为新生儿先天性心脏病诊断提供参考价值。     

妊娠期糖尿病的干预治疗对胎儿和婴儿心脏功能的影响

目的探讨干预治疗对妊娠期糖尿病患者的胎儿和婴儿的心脏功能的影响。方法将符合诊断的99例患者随机分成干预治疗组和对照组,两组患者均给予饮食控制血糖水平,干预治疗组在对照组的基础上再给予胰岛素控制血糖水平。通过超声心动图观察胎儿及婴儿的心脏功能。结果比较两组胎儿超声可以看出,干预治疗组胎儿胎心记录室间隔缺损、动脉导管未闭、心肌肥厚、房间隔缺损的发生率分别为12.07%、13.79%、10.34%、8.62%均少于对照组的各项发生率46.34%、31.71%、26.83%、31.71%,P﹤0.05。干预治疗组室间隔缺损、动脉导管未闭合、肺动脉高压、心肌肥厚的发生率分别为8.62%、12.07%、3.45%、6.9%,低于对照组24.39%、31.71%、19.51%、26.83%,P﹤0.05。结论干预治疗能够有效地减少妊娠期糖尿病胎儿和婴儿的心脏功能异常。     

鲁登巴赫氏综合征

鲁登巴赫氏综合征(Lutembach's syndrome)是房间隔缺损(以下简称房缺)与二尖瓣狭窄(以下简称二窄)同时存在的一种心脏畸形或病变,以女性多见。病理解剖及血液动力学:本综合征房缺为先天性的,以继发孔型房缺多见,而二尖瓣狭窄则为先天性及后天性的都可,认为与下列情况有关:1.临床上房缺继发孔型最多见,占房缺94.1％,而继发孔型房缺常合并其他先天性畸形;2.先天性二尖瓣狭窄单纯发生极为罕见,     

Severe pulmonary hypertension in ostium secundum atrial septal defect

Between 1969 and 1999, 149 patients underwent cardiac catheterization for ostium secundum atrial septal defect, in hemodynamics department. Age average was 21.5 +/- 16 years (2-67). Systolic pulmonary arterial pressure average was 35 +/- 15.6 mm Hg (15-140). The atrial septal defect was closed in 108 patients (by surgery in 107 cases, and by interventional catheterization in one case). Mean follow-up was 8 +/- 7 years (1-20). Overall mortality rate was 2.7%. Severe pulmonary hypertension (systolic pressure > or = to 50 mm Hg) was seen in 13.4% of cases. It was present at all ages, but more frequent above 20 years. Obstructive pulmonary vascular disease was noticed in 2% of patients. Clinical and haemodynamic data analysis showed that, severe pulmonary hypertension is a frequent, and unpredictible complication of secundum atrial septal defect; it might occur at any age and worsen considerably the cardiac disease prognosis. Because of atrial septal defect hemodynamic profile, and current rise of percutaneous closure technics, invasive investigation should be more and more routinely performed, in order to define the best therapeutic option. Early and systematic closure of secundum atrial septal defects, should prevent, or at least minimize pulmonary vascular lesions.     

Large ostium secundum atrial septal defect discovered after severe mitral regurgitation. A case report

Mitral regurgitation is associated with ostium secundum atrial septal defect in about 22% of cases. mitral valve prolapse induced by atrial shunt is the main cause of this regurgitation. Ususually, atrial septal defect discovery precedes that of mitral regurgitation. The aim of this paper is to focus on clinical, hemodynamic and evolutive details of atrial septal defect and mitral regurgitation association. We report the case of large atrial septal defect in 37 years old girl referred for hemodynamic investigation of mitral regurgitation. The divergence of clinical data, electrocardiogram and echocardiography findings has led to atrial septal defect discovery. Hemodynamic data showed severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (medium pulmonary arterial pressure: 45 mmhg). Hence, mitral valve substitution by mechanical prosthesis and closure of atrial septal defect have been carried out. Ten hours after surgery, death occurred because of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension and heart failure. CONCLUSION: Association of severe mitral regurgitation and large ostium secundum atrial septal defect is an original anatomo-clinic entity caracterized by mitral valve lesions diversity and severe secondary pulmonary arterial hypertension. Danger of such a hypertension is due to progressive and infra clinical rise of pulmonary resistances and association of increased pulmonary blood flow and capillary pulmonary hypertension.     

经导管房间隔缺损封堵术后心脏形态大小变化的随访研究

目的评价房间隔缺损(ASD)患者经导管ASD封堵术后及随访中心脏形态和大小的变化。方法应用超声心动图分别测量36例ASD患者经导管ASD封堵治疗术前、术后3 d、术后3月和术后6月右室舒张末期前后径(RVEDD)、右房长径(RAD1)右房横径(RADt)、左室舒张末期前后径(LVEDD)、左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)和左房前后径(LAD)。结果ASD封堵术后3 d及术后3月,RVEDD、RAD1、RAD t逐渐缩小;LVEDD、LVEDV和LAD逐渐增大。术后6月随访时,RVEDD继续缩小,LVEDD和LVEDV继续增大,RAD1、RADt和LAD无进一步变化。结论ASD封堵术治疗既减轻了右心容量负荷,使右房、右室内径缩小,也改善了左心的几何构型,使已经缩小的左房、左室逐渐增大恢复。     

超声对胎儿单纯室间隔缺损在宫内和产后婴儿期闭合情况的研究

目的应用超声心动图观察胎儿期及产后婴儿期单纯室间隔缺损（IVSD）自然愈合的情况及影响因素。方法选取61例诊断有胎儿单纯性室缺但不愿终止妊娠的孕妇为研究对象,对胎儿进行二维和彩色多普勒超声心动图检查,记录胎儿室间隔缺损的位置、形态、大小、自然闭合的时间和闭合率,出生后存活的婴儿监测室间隔缺损（VSD）上述指标至1岁,计算宫内及产后1年的闭合率及总的闭合率、不同位置室缺的闭合率,并对不同大小室缺的闭合率进行组间比较。结果在61例中,22例（36.1%）宫内自然闭合,9例（14.8%）在产后1年内闭合,30例（49.2%）仍未闭合。室间隔缺损的大小以及缺损的位置与愈合率有关,室间隔缺小于3.0mm的闭合率明显高于室缺为3.1~5.0mm的闭合率（P=0.005）和5mm以上室缺的闭合率（P=0.002）,但室缺为3.1~5.0mm的闭合率与大于5mm的室缺的闭合率之间无显著性差异（P=0.39）。膜部和肌部缺损的闭合率明显高于干下型室缺的闭合率（P≤0.01）,肌部缺损的闭合率高于膜部缺损的闭合率,但两者之间无统计学差异（P=0.65）。结论单纯室间隔缺损有较高的宫内自然闭合率并且在产后婴儿期仍能自然闭合,这种自然愈合的过程与室间隔缺损的位置和大小显著相关。肌部和膜部缺损最容易愈合,干下型不易闭合;小缺损具较高的闭合率,较大的缺损不易闭合。     

Percutaneous closure of interatrial ostium secundum defects using the Amplatzer device. Apropos of the initial 5 Tunisian cases

We report our initial experience with percutaneous closure of ostium secundum atrial septal defect using Amplatzer device. Between september 2000 and July 2001, five devices were implanted in 5 patients, 4 female and 1 male. Age ranged from 18 to 66 years. A large atrial septal defect with significant shunting was diagnosed by trans thoracic echocardiography. Procedures were performed under general anesthesia with trans esophageal echocardiography guidance. Stretched diameter of atrial septal defects was determined by balloon sizing, ranged from 21 to 32 mm. Amplatzer devices of 20 to 32 mm were respectively deployed. No complications occurred during the procedure. Total occlusion of interatrial communication, was observed in one patient, immediately after the procedure, and in 3 patients 24 hours later. First 3 patients were controlled at months follow up were free of complications. Closure of atrial septal defect with Amplatzer device appears feasible and safe. However, long term results in comparison to surgery remain to be determined before definite conclusion regarding its use can be made.     

Percutaneous closure of ostium secundum atrial septal defect using an Amplazter device. Report of the first 5 Tunisian cases

We report our initial expérience with percutaneous closure of ostium secundum atrial septal defect using Amplatzer device. Between september 2000 and july 2001, five devices were implanted in 5 patients, 4 female and 1 male. Age ranged from 18 to 66 years. A large atrial septal defect with significant shunting was diagnosed by trans thoracic echocardiography. Procedures were performed under general anesthesia with trans esophageal echocardiography guidance. Stretched diameter of atrial septal defects was determined by balloon sizing, ranged from 21 to 32 mm. Amplatzer devices of 20 to 32 mm were respectively deployed. No complications occurred during the procedure. Total occlusion of interatrial communication, was observed in one patient, immediately after the procedure, and in 3 patients 24 hours later. First 3 patients were controlled at months follow up were free of complications. Closure of atrial septal defect with Amplatzer device appears feasible and safe. However, long term results in comparison to surgery remain to be determined before definite conclusion regarding its use can be made.     

先天性房间隔缺损对新生儿心脏结构和血流动力学的影响

目的:通过检测先天性房间隔缺损(atrial septal defect,ASD)新生儿心脏结构和血流动力学的变化,探讨其对新生儿的潜在危害。方法:利用彩色多普勒超声心动图检测68例先天性房间隔缺损患儿与82例正常新生儿心脏各腔室的大小、肺动脉内压力、三尖瓣反流等。结果:进行心脏彩超检查的原因以心脏杂音、紫绀、宫内窘迫或新生儿窒息、呼吸急促、肺动脉瓣第二心音亢进最常见。房间隔缺损有房间隔水平存在异常分流但探测不到回声失落的无缺损型34例,回声失落直径<5mm的小缺损型21例,回声失落直径≥5mm的大缺损型13例。三种类型对室间隔、左心室、主动脉、左室后壁的影响差异无显著性,但对右心房、右心室、肺动脉的影响程度与缺损直径有显著正相关;只有大型房间隔缺损型导致左心房扩张;缺损和分流束的直径与肺动脉压力增高、三尖瓣反流率、反流面积也有显著正相关;但分流方向与缺损直径无关。结论:新生儿先天性ASD以轻型最多见,可导致新生儿心脏结构和血流动力学的异常改变。     

宁波市海曙区婴幼儿先天性心脏病监测与随访

【目的】 监测婴幼儿先天性心脏病(先心病)的发病情况和预后,为幼儿先心病的保健管理提供资料。 【方法】 2008-2010年在宁波市海曙区出生的足月活产儿8 259例中,经心脏彩超确诊为先天性心脏病的婴幼儿221例进行定期随访跟踪。 【结果】 婴幼儿先心发病率居前4位的分别为室间隔缺损(占24.89%),卵圆孔未闭(占22.62%),房间隔缺损合并动脉导管未闭(占13.57%),动脉导管未闭合并卵圆孔未闭(占13.57%);221例先心病患儿均在1岁前确诊。 【结论】 先天性心脏病是我国重要的公共卫生问题之一,开展对先天性心脏病的监测和随访,提高先天性心脏病婴幼儿的生活质量。     

Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale, as secondary prevention of cryptogenic cerebral event

In patients with patent foramen ovale and cryptogenic stroke, the risk of recurrent event is about 4-5% yearly, despite of the antithrombotic treatment. Transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale has been shown to decrease risk of recurrence. This report summarizes the first experiences in Hungary and the medium term follow up of our patients. Thirty-three patients were selected for closure. All the patients had at least one ischemic stroke, transitory ischemic attack or peripheral embolus. In 31 of them the stroke was confirmed by computer tomographic or magnetic resonance imaging. Patent foramen ovale with right-to-left shunt was diagnosed by transesophageal echocardiography. Transcatheter closure was performed under fluoroscopic and transesophageal echocardiographic control. Closure was successful in 31 patients. Passage of atrial septum did not succeed in two cases. An AV fistula at puncture site was the only early complication. There was no late complication. No device dislocation, periprocedural arrhythmia or embolic event was detected. No residual shunt could be found. During follow up of 11.3 (1-30) months no recurrent embolus was detected. Transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale is a safe and efficient procedure to decrease the risk of recurrent ischemic events.