外伤性急性颈椎间盘突出症

本文旨在阐明ＭＲＩ对急性颈椎间盘突出的诊断价值。１９例均有明显的外伤史，Ｘ线片无骨折脱位者１２例。其中Ｃ５－６髓核突出７例，Ｃ５－６，Ｃ４－５突出５例。有小关节绞锁半脱位者７例，ＭＲＩ均示损伤间隙有髓核突出。１９例均为不全瘫，全部病例经有路椎间盘切聊，植骨融合。     

颈椎间盘突出症

我院自１９９３年以来收治的９６例颈椎病患者中,确诊颈椎间盘突出症３２例,现报告如下。临床资料１一般资料：本组３２例中男２２例,女１０例;年龄３５～６９岁;２例有急性外伤史,其余病例均无明显诱因。住院天数１６～５０天,平均３４４天。２临床症状体征...     

颈椎间盘突出症误诊为颈椎病11例报告

颈椎间盘突出症误诊为颈椎病１１例报告唐华，王秀芝，郭红云颈椎间盘突出症临床并非少见，常由颈部突然过度活动或椎间盘发生退行性变而引起。由于其临床表现常为急、慢性颈脊髓和神经根损害，因此常与脊髓型和神经根型颈椎病相混淆，症状不典型者很易误诊漏诊。本文报告...     

颈椎间盘突出症诊治分析

颈椎间盘突出症与颈椎骨质增生同属于颈椎病[1] 。虽两者临床表现相似 ,易混淆 ,但发病机制、诊治方面迥异 ,应明确区分。现就 1998年收住的 10例颈椎间盘突出症和 6例颈椎骨质增生诊治情况 ,分析如下。1　临床资料Ａ组 :10例颈椎间盘突出症 ,男 5例 ,女 5例 ;年龄 2 5～6 6岁 ;病程 7天～ 30年 ;急性发病 5例 ,慢性发病 5例 ;近期剖腹产史 1例 ,批斗打伤颈部史 1例。临床表现 :神经根型 6例 (右上肢 2例 ,左上肢 3例 ,双上肢 1例 ) ;脊髓型 (早期 ) 1例 ;椎动脉型 2例。Ｂ组 :6例颈椎骨质增生 ,男 3例 ,女 3例 ;年龄 45～ 77岁 ;病程 3天～…     

治疗颈椎间盘突出症123例

我院自 1 983年至今采用桂葛碎补汤配合牵引手法治疗颈椎间盘突出症 1 2 3例 ,取得满意疗效 ,现报道如下。1　临床资料本组 1 2 3例中男 78例 ,女 45例 ;年龄 32～ 78岁。有急性外伤史 1 1例 ,其余病例无明确诱因。伴有神经根症状 87例 ,颈性眩晕 2 1例 ,肢体麻木无力 9例 ,头晕、耳鸣、心悸 5例。其中臂丛牵拉试验阳性 2 0例 ,椎间孔挤压征阳性 1 5例。按临床分型 :神经根型 87例 ,椎动脉型 2 1例 ,颈交感神经型1 5例。颈部核磁共振示 1 2 3例均有椎间盘突出 ,其中单个椎间盘突出者 1 0 2例 ,合并两个以上椎间盘突出者 2 1例。2　治疗方法2…     

颈椎间盘突出症86例报告

目的：探讨颈椎间盘突出症的临床表现、诊断和治疗。方法：对86例颈椎间盘突出症患者，采用颈前路椎间盘摘除术，同时椎体间植骨融合术54例，颈椎前路钢板17例，椎间融合器和钢板15例。结果：86例均经随访，经术后2年6个月～12年7个月随访，平均4年7个月。年龄27～61岁，平均44．7岁。症状消除22例(25．5％)，明显改善38例(44．2％)，部分改善26例(30．6％)，优良率为69．7％。结论：颈椎间盘突出症不同于颈椎病，当有临床症状或轻微体征，或虽无临床体征而症状不见改善者，经保守治疗3个月不见好转，宜行颈前路摘除突出颈椎问盘和植骨固定术。     

颈椎间盘突出症临床研究

1994年 3月 2 6日～ 1999年 3月 30日 ,我们诊治了经颈椎ＭＲＩ或ＣＴ诊断为颈椎间盘突 (膨 )出的患者 6 4例 ,取得了较好的临床效果 ,现将有关临床资料报告如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　本组 6 4例中男 37例 ,女 2 7例 ;年龄 2 5～ 6 5岁 ,平均 42 5岁。有颈部外伤史者 14例 ,无明显诱因者 5 0例 ;病程 3天～ 2 2年 ,其中 1年以下者 35例。1 2　症状和体征　 6 4例患者中以颈伴单或双上肢麻痛为主要症状者 36例 ,其中伴有头晕或耳鸣者 7例 ,伴有上肢无力者 4例 ,伴有行走不稳者 1例。颈伴头晕痛、恶心或呕吐者12例 ,颈伴单或双肩痛、…     

颈椎间盘突出症86例报告

目的:探讨颈椎间盘突出症的临床表现、诊断和治疗.方法:对86例颈椎间盘突出症患者,采用颈前路椎间盘摘除术,同时椎体间植骨融合术54例,颈椎前路钢板17例,椎间融合器和钢板15例.结果:86例均经随访,经术后2年6个月～12年7个月随访,平均4年7个月.年龄27～61岁,平均44.7岁.症状消除22例(25.5%),明显改善38例(44.2%),部分改善26例(30.6%),优良率为69.7%.结论:颈椎间盘突出症不同于颈椎病,当有临床症状或轻微体征,或虽无临床体征而症状不见改善者,经保守治疗3个月不见好转,宜行颈前路摘除突出颈椎间盘和植骨固定术.     

人工颈椎间盘置换治疗颈椎间盘突出症

[目的]探讨Bryan人工颈椎间盘假体置换治疗颈椎间盘突出症的临床效果。[方法]本组14例颈椎间盘突出症患者，男10例，女4例；年龄31～52岁，平均43岁。C3、4例，C4、5，2例，C5、68例，C4、61例，C3-61例。单节段置换12例，双节段置换2例，共置换16个椎间盘假体。Bryan假体由金属外壳和聚氨酯髓核组成，外壳有钛微孔喷涂层。术后摄颈椎动态X线片观察假体稳定性及活动度。[结果]术后随访最长28个月，平均10个月。全部患者神经功能均有明显改善，CSM40分法评分平均提高8．5分，有效率为100％，无假体松动和脱落，术后置换节段活动度平均为6．4。。[结论]人工颈椎间盘假体置换具有确切的稳定性和相应的活动度，是治疗颈椎间盘突出症的可选择方式之一。早期临床效果良好，远期效果有待于进一步观察。     

急性颈椎间盘突出症的诊断与治疗

自ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ相继用于临床,对颈椎间盘突出症的诊断给以极大的帮助,本文仅就急性颈椎间盘突出症在诊断、分类、治疗及鉴别诊断方面进行探讨。典型病例例１男,４２岁,无明显诱因,突感颈肩部疼痛,相继出现右上肢放射痛,因疼痛剧烈急症入院。查体：颈部活动受限,右...     

颈椎间盘突出症：附89例临床分析

报告８９例颈椎间盘突出症（急性５８例，慢性３１例）。重点就本症的诊断及与颈椎病的鉴别诊断进行了分析。急性颈椎间盘突出症以发病中有明确颈部外伤史、受伤当时出现急性颈脊髓／神经根损害表现、 Ｘ线片无颈椎骨折脱位及椎管狭窄，无椎管内韧带骨化等为特征；慢性颈椎间盘突出症则以发病年龄较轻（平均３６．８岁），病情发展较快，Ｘ线片无椎间关节退行性改变，椎间盘突出多为１～２个间隙等特点而不同于颈椎病．     

Treatment of cervical disc herniation through percutaneous minimally invasive techniques

Purpose

The goal of this study is to compare the therapeutic effectiveness of percutaneous cervical discectomy, percutaneous cervical disc nucleoplasty, and a combination of the two for the treatment of cervical disc herniation and the effective stabilization of the cervical vertebral column.

Methods

A retrospective study was performed from February 2003 to April 2011. One hundred and seventy-one cervical disc herniation patients with a mean age of 47.8 years (ranging from 21 to 74 years) participated in the study and were treated with the three types of percutaneous minimally invasive techniques: percutaneous cervical discectomy (PCD, 97 cases), percutaneous cervical disc nucleoplasty (PCN, 50 cases), and a combination of the two (PCDN, 24 cases). After treatment, the postoperative clinical results and the stability of the cervical vertebral columns of these three groups were evaluated and compared.

Results

Patients in the PCD group received follow-up care for approximately 4.1 years (ranging from 0.2 to 8.5 years), while those in the PCN group received only an average of 2.6 years (ranging from 0.3 to 7.8 years), and the PCDN group received an average of 3.3 years (ranging from 0.2 to 8 years of follow-up). According to the Japanese Orthopedic Association scoring system, the functional scores (JOA scores) differed significantly between the pre- and postoperative patients within the three groups (PCD t = 21.849, P = <0.05; PCN t = 14.503, P < 0.05; PCDN t = 8.555, P < 0.05). All patients had been successfully operated on by the same spinal surgeon team. According to the Odom criterion, the clinical outcomes were not significantly different for any of the three groups (the recovery rate using the JOA standard evaluation, F = 2.19, P = 0.116, P > 0.05). The percentages of each procedure that received either an excellent or a good rating were PCD at 81.35 %, PCN at 82.44 % and PCDN at 83.19 %. In addition, the clinical success rates among the three were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Notably, there was no postoperative instability of the cervical vertebral column in any of the patients (P > 0.05), and there was no difference in the pre- or postoperative stability of the cervical vertebral columns in each group.

Conclusions

Each group achieved good clinical outcomes with this safe, minimally invasive spinal surgery for the treatment of cervical disc herniation. In addition, no postoperative risk of cervical instability was found.     

中央型颈椎间盘突出症

４３例中央型颈椎间盘突出症病例，均累及颈髓引起不同程度的痉挛瘫。本组均无颈部外伤史。６５％的病例颈椎Ｘ线平片无异常所见；６０％的病例仅单间隙突出；７％的病例呈跳跃型多间隙突出；上位颈椎突出约占全部突出间隙的１４％．本组有两种临床类型：亚急性突出和缓慢型突出。游离髓核偶可刺破后纵韧带，突入椎管内甚至硬膜下腔，引起急性严重四肢瘫。缓慢突出型常为多间隙突出，少数合并后纵韧带钙化、骨化。３５例经前路间盘切除、椎间植骨融合；２例行椎管成形术。１例前路减压不彻底、半年后再行单纯椎板切除。平均随访７年月，９７％获得优良疗效，无手术并发症和加重例。     

Plasma disc decompression for contained cervical disc herniation: a randomized, controlled trial

Prospective case series studies have shown that plasma disc decompression (PDD) using the COBLATION SpineWand device (ArthroCare Corporation, Austin, TX) is effective for decompressing the disc nucleus in symptomatic contained cervical disc herniations. This prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the clinical outcomes of percutaneous PDD as compared to conservative care (CC) through 1 year. Patients (n = 115) had neck/arm pain >50 on the visual analog scale (VAS) pain scale and had failed at least 30 days of failed CC. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either PDD (n = 62) or CC (n = 58). Clinical outcome was determined by VAS pain score, neck disability index (NDI) score, and SF-36 health survey, collected at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year. The PDD group had significantly lower VAS pain scores at all follow-up time points (PDD vs. CC: 6 weeks, −46.87 ± 2.71 vs. −15.26 ± 1.97; 3 months, −53.16 ± 2.74 vs. −30.45 ± 2.59; 6 months, −56.22 ± 2.63 vs. −40.26 ± 2.56; 1 year, −65.73 ± 2.24 vs. −36.45 ± 2.86; GEE, P < 0.0001). PDD patients also had significant NDI score improvement over baseline when compared to CC patients at the 6 weeks (PDD vs. CC: −9.15 ± 1.06 vs. −4.61 ± 0.53, P < 0.0001) and 1 year (PDD vs. CC: −16.70 ± 0.29 vs. −12.40 ± 1.26, P = 0.005) follow-ups. PDD patients showed statistically significant improvement over baseline in SF-36 physical component summary scores when compared to CC patients at 6 weeks and 1 year (PDD vs. CC: 8.86 + 8.04 vs. 4.24 ± 3.79, P = 0.0004; 17.64 ± 10.37 vs. 10.50 ± 10.6, P = 0.0003, respectively). In patients who had neck/arm pain due to a contained cervical disc herniation, PDD was associated with significantly better clinical outcomes than a CC regimen. At 1 year, CC patients appeared to suffer a “relapse, showing signs of decline in most measurements, whereas PDD patients showed continued stable improvement.     

Percutaneous cervical nucleoplasty in the treatment of cervical disc herniation

Percutaneous disc decompression procedures have been performed in the past. Various percutaneous techniques such as percutaneous discectomy, laser discectomy, and nucleoplasty have been successful. Our prospective study was directly to evaluate the results of percutaneous cervical nucleoplasty (PCN) surgery for cervical disc herniation, and illustrate the effectiveness of PCN in symptomatic patients who had cervical herniated discs. From July of 2002 to June of 2005, 126 consecutive patients with contained cervical disc herniations have presented at the authors’ clinic and treated by PCN. The patients’ gender distribution for PCN was 65 male, 61 female. The age of patients ranged from 34 to 66 years (mean 51.9 ± 10.2 years). The levels of involvement were 21 cases at C3–4, 30 cases at C4–5, 40 cases at C5–6, and 35 cases at C6–7. The clinical outcomes, pain reduction and the segment stability were all recorded during this study. A clinical outcome was quantified by the Macnab standard and using VAS. The angular displacement (AD) ≥11° or horizontal displacement (HD) ≥3 mm was considered to be radiographically unstable. In the results of this study, puncture of the needle into the disc space was accurately performed under X-ray guidance in all cases. There was one case where the Perc-D Spine Wand had broken in the disc space during the procedure. The partial Perc-D Spine Wand, which had broken in the disc space could not be removed by the percutaneous cervical discectomy and thus remained there. There were no recurrent cases or complications in our series. Macnab standard results were excellent in 62 cases, good in 41 cases and fair in 23 cases. The rate of excellent and good was 83.73%. The VAS scores demonstrated statistically significant improvement in PCN at the 2-week, 1, 3, 6, and 12-month follow-up visits when compared to preoperational values (P < 0.01). There were no cases of instability following the PCN procedure. There was no significant difference in stability either preoperatively or postoperatively (P > 0.05). Our findings confirm that PCN for the treatment of cervical disc herniation results in a good outcome without any tampering of the stability of the cervical spine. Hence, PCN as a procedure is safe, minimally invasive, less traumatic, requiring less time with an excellent clinical outcome. PCN should be performed for those patients who fail conservative medical management including medication, physical therapy, behavioral management, psychotherapy, and who are unwilling to undergo a more invasive technique such as spinal surgery.     

颈椎间盘突出症的MRI表现及意义

探讨了１１８例颈椎间盘突出症的ＭＲＩ表现及异临床意义。在ＭＲＩ上，本病可分为中央型和侧方型。前者颈椎间盘从其后方中央部位突出，压迫颈髓前方，受压颈椎弯曲、变扁及向后移位；后者可见椎间盘从后外侧呈块状或碎片状突出，压迫颈髓前外侧，神经根向后外侧移位或消失。本组结果表明，ＭＲＩ可直接显示颈椎间盘突出症的部位、类型及颈髓和神经根的受损程度，为颈椎盘间突出症的诊断、鉴别诊断、治疗方法选择和预后判断提供可靠的方法。     

Comparison of three techniques of anterior fusion in single-level cervical disc herniation

This study compared the clinical and radiographic outcome of three techniques of anterior fusion for cervical disc herniation: Cloward fusion with autograft, Cloward fusion with freeze-dried bone, and BAK-C device fusion. In a cohort of 84 consecutive patients, 34 were treated by classic autograft Cloward’s technique, in 26 patients freeze-dried xenograft Surgibone was used and in the last 24 patients a BAK-C titanium device was implanted. The mean follow-up period of this last group was 14.6 months. All patients were operated by the same surgeon at the same hospital and all underwent single-level surgery. Results were evaluated on the basis of patient satisfaction and postoperative capacity to work. There was no significant difference between the three groups related to the preoperative assessment. The analysis revealed that BAK-C patients had significantly shorter hospital stays. No postoperative cervical collar was worn by BAK-C patients and they had the highest percentage of excellent clinical results. Concerning radiographic evaluation, BAK-C achieved a more stable fixation of the involved segment without complications in contrast with the two others, which presented a significant incidence of extrusion, collapse, kyphosis and pseudarthrosis. Measurement of the progressive kyphosis grade shows statistically significant differences between the three groups. BAK-C patients had the lowest kyphosis grade at the end of the follow-up. There is an important correlation between collapse, collapse with kyphosis and pseudarthrosis with bad clinical results. In conclusion, the BAK-C device showed significant advantages, including higher patient satisfaction, unnecessary postoperative collar, early rehabilitation and a lower rate of complications. Furthermore, BAK-C is cost effective because of it shortens postoperative hospital stay and allows an earlier return to work. Received: 9 March 1998 Revised: 21 August 1998 Accepted: 25 August 1998     

多节段脊髓型颈椎病后路椎管扩大成形术后椎间盘突出的短期变化

【摘要】 目的：观察多节段脊髓型颈椎病（cervical spondylotic myelopathy,CSM）患者颈后路椎管扩大成形术后3个月时椎间盘突出程度的变化。方法：收集2017年1月～2019年9月在我院行颈后路椎管扩大成形术的多节段CSM患者的临床资料,排除伴后纵韧带骨化患者,共纳入67例患者,男44例,女23例;年龄31～78岁（56.5±9.9岁）。在术前及术后3个月的颈椎矢状面MRI T1加权像上测量各节段颈椎椎间盘突出的大小,术前椎间盘突出≥2.0mm定义为较大椎间盘突出;术后3个月时突出大小较术前变化≤0.5mm定义为无明显变化,＞0.5mm定义缩小或增大,统计缩小、无明显变化和增大的椎间盘数,采用配对样本t检验及非参数检验比较手术前后较大椎间盘突出大小。结果：共测量335个椎间盘,术前314个椎间盘存在突出,C2/3 57个,C3/4 64个,C4/5 66个,C5/6 65个,C6/7 62个;中位突出大小为2.09（1.43,2.69）mm。其中163个突出≥2.0mm,C2/3 9个,C3/4 42个,C4/5 38个,C5/6 41个,C6/7 33个。术后3个月时313个椎间盘存在突出,中位突出大小为1.97（1.35,2.76）mm。314个术前存在突出的椎间盘中,83个（26.4%）椎间盘突出较术前缩小,175个（55.7%）无明显变化,56个（17.8%）增大。其中163个术前突出≥2.0mm的椎间盘术后3个月时54个（33.1%）椎间盘突出缩小,86个（52.8%）无明显变化,23个（14.1%）增大;C2/3、C3/4、C4/5、C5/6、C6/7较大椎间盘突出缩小、无明显变化和增大的患者分别为2、5、14、19、14例,5、28、20、19、14例和2、9、4、3、5例,其中C2/3、C3/4节段椎间盘突出大小与术前比较无显著性差异（P>0.05）,C4/5、C5/6、C6/7节段椎间盘突出大小与术前比较有显著性缩小（P<0.05）。3例（4.5%）患者因椎间盘突出较大或术后突出增大,症状缓解不明显而行二期颈前路手术。结论：多节段CSM患者行颈后路椎管扩大成形术后3个月内较大椎间盘突出程度可发生变化,约1/3的椎间盘突出可发生缩小,多见于C4/5、C5/6、C6/7节段;椎间盘突出增大的发生率较低。     

椎间盘置换联合邻近节段cage融合治疗双节段颈椎间盘突出症的近期疗效

目的:探讨椎问盘置换联合邻近节段cage融合治疗双节段颈椎问盘突出症的近期疗效.方法:2006年5月～2008年11月手术治疗双节段颈椎间盘突出症患者13例,男8例,女5例,年龄35～60岁,平均47岁:以脊髓受压表现为主者6例,神经根性症状为主者7例;病变节段C4/5、C5/6 8例,C5/6、C6/7 3例,C4/5、C6/7 2例.均一期行单节段Bryan人工椎间盘置换和邻近节段cage融合,置换节段和融合节段为相邻间隙11例.非相邻间隙2例.术前、术后进行JOA评分(17分法)和颈椎残障功能量表(neck disability index,NDl)评定,术后进行Odom标准评定,随访观察椎间盘似体稳定性、假体活动度、cage融合状态及cage位移情况等.结果:手术时间90～160min,平均130min;术中m血量50～400ml,平均130ml.术中、术后无并发症发生.随访6个月～3年,平均19个月,末次随访时,JOA评分由术前9.2±3.2分增加至13.5±1.8分(P<0.01),NDI评分由术前40.8±4.7分降至28.5±5.4分(P<0.01),Odom评定结果优6例,良3例,尚可2例,差2例.人工椎间盘稳定,置换节段平均活动度为9.5°,cage植骨全部融合,无cage松动和沉陷.结论:颈椎间盘置换加邻近节段cage融合为双节段颈椎间盘突出症的治疗提供了新的选择方式,兼顾了颈椎的稳定和运动功能,近期临床效果良好.     

Disc degeneration of cervical spine on MRI in patients with lumbar disc herniation: comparison study with asymptomatic volunteers

An association between progression of cervical disc degeneration and that of lumbar disc degeneration has been considered to exist. To date, however, this association has not yet been adequately studied. Age-related changes in the cervical intervertebral discs were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with lumbar disc herniation, and compared with the MRI findings of healthy volunteers without lower back pain. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether the prevalence of asymptomatic cervical disc degeneration is higher in patients with lumbar disc herniation than in healthy volunteers. The study was conducted on 51 patients who were diagnosed as having lumbar disc herniation and underwent cervical spine MRI. The patients consisted of 34 males and 17 females ranging in age from 21–83 years (mean 46.9 ± 14.5 years) at the time of the study. The control group was composed of 113 healthy volunteers (70 males and 43 females) aged 24–77 years (mean 48.9 ± 14.7 years), without neck pain or low back pain. The percentage of subjects with degenerative changes in the cervical discs was 98.0% in the lumbar disc herniation group and 88.5% in the control group (p = 0.034). The presence of lumbar disc herniation was associated significantly with decrease in signal intensity of intervertebral disc and posterior disc protrusion in the cervical spine. None of the MRI findings was significantly associated with the gender, smoking, sports activities, or BMI. As compared to healthy volunteers, patients with lumbar disc herniation showed a higher prevalence of decrease in signal intensity of intervertebral disc and posterior disc protrusion on MRI of the cervical spine. The result of this study suggests that disc degeneration appears to be a systemic phenomenon.