阴囊闭合性损伤的CT诊断价值

目的　探讨阴囊、睾丸闭合性损伤的CT诊断价值。方法　急性阴囊闭合性损伤 9例 ,作CT横断面平扫检查。结果　阴囊闭合性损伤CT表现为 :阴囊肿大 7例 ;肉膜增厚模糊 9例 ;鞘膜腔积液 4例 ;睾丸肿大、实质内出血 8例 ;睾丸白膜破裂 5例、白膜下血肿 2例 ;阴囊隔肿胀偏移 7例。结论　用CT横断面平扫检查急性阴囊闭合性损伤病人是一种精确诊断睾丸及其被膜损伤的影像学检查方法。     

MRI对阴囊闭合性损伤的诊断价值

目的 :探讨MRI对阴囊及其内容物闭合性损伤的诊断价值。方法 :对 11例急性、亚急性阴囊闭合性损伤患者 ,行MRSET1WI、FSET2 WI横断面、冠状面、矢状面扫描。结果 :阴囊增大皮肤增厚 9例 ,鞘膜积液 10例 ,白膜下血肿 3例 ,睾丸挫伤出血 8例 ,睾丸白膜破裂 3例 ,外伤后睾丸萎缩 2例。结论 :MRI是检查阴囊闭合性损伤 ,诊断睾丸受伤程度及疗效评价精确的影像学检查方法。     

急性阴囊闭合性损伤的磁共振成像与彩色多普勒超声诊断

目的探讨磁共振成像（magnetic resonance imaging,MRI）与彩色多普勒超声在急性阴囊闭合性损伤中的诊断价值。方法收集急性阴囊闭合性损伤患者8例,所有病例全部经MRI及彩色多普勒超声检查,回顾性分析及比较MRI及彩色多普勒超声图像。结果8例急性阴囊闭合性损伤患者中,MRI示睾丸损伤出血8例（其中自膜下少量积血2例）,睾丸增大、阴囊肿大皮肤增厚、鞘膜积液8例,白膜毛糙3例,附睾增大5例（其中附睾损伤出血3例）,腹股沟区淋巴结肿大4例。彩色多普勒超声示睾丸损伤出血6例,睾丸增大6例,阴囊肿大、皮肤增厚8例,鞘膜积液6例,白膜异常未见,附睾增大2例,腹股沟区淋巴结肿大未见。结论MRI能清楚显示急性阴囊闭合性损伤,是目前诊断急性阴囊闭合性损伤的精确影像检查方法。     

睾丸损伤的CT诊断与分型

目的 探讨CT检查对睾丸损伤的诊断与分型以及对临床的价值.方法 对26例睾丸损伤的临床及CT表现进行回顾性分析.结果 根据CT表现将睾丸损伤分为5型:白膜下血肿型3例;肿胀型4例;出血型12例,其中局限性出血2例,广泛性出血10例;破裂型6例;脱位型1例.睾丸损伤的CT诊断与临床符合率为100%,而睾丸损伤的CT分型与术后诊断符合率为94.2%.结论 CT能明确作出睾丸损伤的诊断与分型,为临床选择治疗方案提供可靠依据.     

闭合性阴囊损伤的CT诊断

目的确定闭合性阴囊损伤的ＣＴ诊断价值。方法 对２３例闭合性阴囊损伤的ＣＴ资料及临床处理进行回顾性分析。结果 根据睾丸失去正常的卵圆形结构，白膜中断，睾丸组织突出或睾丸断片分离等征象，ＣＴ正确诊断睾丸破裂８例；ＣＴ亦能显示阴囊壁血肿，鞘膜积血，白膜下血肿，睾丸实质血肿，睾丸附睾挫伤，精索及附睾血肿等其他病理改变。１７例手术探查证实ＣＴ显示的各种病理改变与手术病理完全相符。结论 ＣＴ能准确诊断各种类型     

训练致闭合性睾丸挫裂伤11例分析探讨

由于阴囊的保护作用及睾丸的游动性较大 ,外伤性睾丸挫裂伤的发生率较低 ,但由于武警战士训练的特殊性 ,使睾丸闭合性损伤的发生率近年来明显增高。我院自 1990年共收治训练致睾丸挫裂伤 11例 ,现报告如下。1　临床资料本组 11例 ,年龄 18～ 2 2岁 ,均为单侧闭合性睾丸挫裂伤 ,右侧 6例 ,左侧 5例。致伤原因包括单杠 1例 ,双杠 3例 ,跳马 2例 ,踢、打伤 5例 ,均有不同程度的阴囊血肿。Ｂ超检查共 6例 ,4例诊断为睾丸破裂 ,2例诊断为阴囊血肿。ＣＴ检查 3例诊断为睾丸破裂。 8例手术探查 ,在硬膜外麻醉下清除阴囊血肿 ,均找到睾丸白膜的破裂…     

急性闭合性睾丸损伤的诊治

急性闭合性睾丸损伤常伴有阴囊血肿，易被忽视而漏诊。超声等辅助检查能明显提高临床诊断及分型的准确率。现将我科1990-2003年诊治的32例急性闭合性睾丸损伤的临床资料及随诊结果作回顾性总结。     

急性闭合性胰腺损伤临床CT诊断

目的：探讨急性闭合性胰腺损伤临床CT诊断价值。方法：对21例急性闭合性胰腺损伤CT平扫检查结果分析。结果：胰腺表现为体积增大者5例；胰腺周围脂肪层增厚，模糊并有左侧肾前筋膜增厚者10例；胰头、颈、体区见垂直于长轴的条形低密度影，胰腺密度不均，并有胰周，胰系膜上动脉周围，横结肠周围，脾肾周围间隙内积液者6例。结论：CT能及时准确地检查出胰腺的损伤，确定损伤程度，为临床提供可靠的诊断依据。     

高频超声诊断闭合性阴茎损伤的临床价值

目的探讨高频超声诊断闭合性阴茎损伤的声像图特点及临床价值。方法对22例临床手术或随访证实的闭合性阴茎损伤患者临床资料及超声图像进行回顾性分析。结果闭合性阴茎损伤的高频超声图像清晰、典型,常可见白膜及海绵体连续性中断、海绵体血肿、阴茎皮下血肿、尿道回声连续性中断等特征,能准确显示病变的部位、范围及血供情况。结论高频超声检查简单、高效、非侵入性,在闭合性阴茎损伤诊断中具有较高的临床价值,可作为闭合性阴茎损伤影像学检查的首选方法。     

闭合性腹部实质脏器损伤的CT评价

目的:探讨腹部实质脏器损伤的CT表现及临床价值。方法:回顾性分析120例闭合性腹部实质脏器损伤的CT表现。结果:单脏器损伤113例,包括肝损伤16例,脾损伤51例,肾损伤43例,胰腺损伤3例;多脏器损伤7例,包括肝损伤伴右肾损伤1例,肝损伤伴脾损伤2例,脾损伤伴左肾损伤3例,脾损伤伴胰腺损伤及左肾盂输尿管连接处损伤1例。腹部实质脏器损伤的CT表现包括挫伤、撕裂伤、实质内血肿及被膜下血肿。首次CT平扫漏诊肝撕裂伤1例,脾损伤3例,肾撕裂伤2例,左肾盂输尿管连接处损伤1例。结论:CT检查可早期准确诊断腹部实质脏器损伤,为临床治疗提供重要依据。     

螺旋CT平扫早期诊断肠和肠系膜钝性伤的临床价值

目的 探讨螺旋CT平扫对肠及肠系膜钝性伤的早期诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析32例经手术证实的急性肠及肠系膜钝性伤的CT表现和临床资料,所有病例均行CT平扫及增强检查,总结其CT征象的临床意义,并对CT平扫及增强检查结果进行对比分析.结果 螺旋CT平扫及CT增强在腹腔积液或血肿、腹腔游离气体、肠系膜渗出及血肿、肠壁肿胀、肠管破裂、肠管扩张伴积液方面,诊断率无显著性差异.结论 螺旋CT平扫对早期诊断急性肠和肠系膜钝性伤有较大临床价值,增强检查可作为CT平扫的重要补充.     

钝性脾损伤的CT表现及临床价值

目的评价CT在钝性脾损伤诊断中的价值.方法对36例钝性脾损伤病人进行CT检查并回顾性分析.结果36例中完全性破裂28例,中心破裂5例,包膜下破裂3例.CT表现为脾内血肿,脾撕裂,包膜下血肿,脾周血肿及腹腔积血.同时发现肝、肾、胃、十二指肠、腰椎、肋骨等多发性损伤.31例手术,5例保守治疗.结论CT扫描能正确估计钝性脾损伤的损伤范围和程度,为临床治疗提供重要信息.     

Diagnostic sensitivity of computerized tomography in closed trauma of the diaphragm. Retrospective study of 35 consecutive cases

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness and role of CT in blunt diaphragmatic injuries by reviewing our 8-year experience. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed the preoperative CT findings of 35 patients with surgically confirmed diaphragmatic rupture. Surgical repair was performed in the acute setting (within 12 hours of trauma) in 22 cases, and late (8 months-5 years) in 13 cases. Twenty-eight patients (80%) were examined with conventional CT and 7 (20%) with Helical CT. Scans were initiated at the thoracic inlet to the pubic symphysis, with 8-mm slice thickness, after i.v. contrast agent administration. Four-mm slices were acquired in the region of interest; sagittal and coronal reformations were obtained for Helical CT images. RESULTS: In the acute group, 20 patients had left hemidiaphragmatic and 2 right hemidiaphragmatic rupture; thoracic herniation of the abdominal organs was seen in all cases. Of the 13 patients examined long after trauma, the left hemidiaphragm was ruptured in 12 cases (with visceral herniation in 4), and the right hemidiaphragm in 1, with no herniation. The diaphragmatic rent was found in the dome (15 cases, 43%), musculotendinous junction (11 cases, 31%), muscular portion (8 cases, 23%), and at the muscular attachments on the ribs (1 case, 3%). CT diagnosed diaphragmatic rupture in all the acute cases (22/35 patients, 63%) and in 4 patients with visceral herniation (11%) examined long after trauma. CT findings were questionable in the 9 cases (25%) not presenting visceral herniation. As for the site of diaphragmatic injury, CT never depicted the diaphragmatic rent in the dome and at the musculotendinous junction (74%), not even with thin slices and the multiplanar Helical technique. CT detected indirects signs of injury at the muscular portion (23%), showing the injury site directly in the case with diaphragmatic avulsion (3%). CONCLUSION: CT is a reliable tool in the diagnosis of suspected diaphragmatic injury in the acute trauma setting. Long after trauma, CT performs poorly because it depicts the diaphragmatic rent only in some peripheral traumas. Helical CT has greater diagnostic potentials, but the injury site and type do affect its capabilities.     

腹部闭合性创伤的急诊CT评价

目的：探讨急诊CT扫描在腹部闭合性创伤中的应用价值。方法：收集整理经手术或临床证实的腹部闭合性创伤65例急诊CT检查的影像资料,进行回顾性分析,所有病例均行CT平扫。结果：腹部闭合性创伤的急诊CT扫描主要表现为混杂高密度影像,多伴腹腔出血。本组65例腹部闭合性创伤中,肝脏损伤15例、脾26例、肾13例,肠系膜与肠管损伤2例,膀胱破裂2例,复合性实质性脏器损伤7例。其中51例伴腹腔出血,22例合并肋骨骨折。结论：急症CT扫描对诊断腹部闭合性创伤具有很大的价值,能明确腹部脏器损伤的部位、程度及复合性脏器损伤等信息,以指导临床医师制定有效的治疗方案。     

Acute tamponade after blunt chest trauma

We report a case of high-impact blunt chest trauma resulting in bilateral lung contusion and rupture of the right atrial appendage with subsequent hemopericardium leading to acute right heart failure. Although tamponade remains a clinical diagnosis, in this case CT findings confirmed the diagnosis, initially unsuspected, which led to successful therapeutic intervention. We believe that in patients with high-velocity trauma and possible blunt injury to the chest, a cardiac injury should always be searched for and excluded.     

Small bowel rupture after blunt trauma: Computed tomographic signs and their sensitivity

The purpose of this study is to describe the characteristic computed tomographic (CT) signs of small bowel perforation after blunt abdominal trauma and to evaluate their sensitivity. Nineteen preoperative CT scans were obtained from 16 patients with surgically proven small bowel rupture secondary to blunt abdominal trauma. Only the CT findings described in the original CT reports were used. Eleven of 19 CT scans (58 %) had findings that were unequivocal for bowel rupture (i.e., extraluminal air and/or extravasation of oral contrast medium). Seven CT scans (37 %) had findings that were suggestive of severe small bowel injury (i.e., focal small bowel wall thickening and/or free peritoneal fluid without other accompanying organ injuries). In all, 95 % of cases of small bowel rupture had either pathognomonic or suggestive CT findings. One CT scan did not demonstrate small bowel wall thickening, although a hemoperitoneum was present. CT is a sensitive method for suggesting severe small bowel injury and rupture secondary to blunt abdominal trauma.     

胰腺及肾上腺闭合性损伤的CT诊断

目的:探讨腹部闭合性外伤所致胰腺及肾上腺损伤的CT表现特征,评价CT的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析23例经手术或随访证实的闭合性腹部外伤致胰腺及肾上腺损伤的临床与CT检查资料。结果:胰腺损伤19例,其中颈体部断裂11例,体尾交界部、胰头胰体部分断裂各3例,胰腺挫伤2例,主要表现为胰腺血肿,胰腺裂隙样或条状低密度影及外伤性胰腺炎改变。肾上腺损伤4例,均位于右侧,主要CT表现肾上腺区血肿,脂肪间隙模糊,其内可见条状高密度影。合并多脏器损伤8例。结论:CT能较准确的反映胰腺及肾上腺的损伤病理解剖改变,特别是胰腺断裂等重症患者,为临床制定治疗方案和疗效观察提供可靠的依据。     

外伤后迟发性膈疝合并胃坏死的CT诊断

目的探讨胸腹部外伤后迟发性膈疝所致胃坏死的CT表现特征。资料与方法回顾性分析6例经外科手术证实的闭合性胸腹部外伤后膈疝合并胃坏死患者的临床和CT检查资料。6例均行常规胸腹部CT平扫,除1例病情危重外,另5例均行双期增强扫描,图像分析结合多平面重组(MPR)和最大密度投影(MIP)等CT后处理技术。结果6例膈疝发生于外伤后3个月～6年不等,单侧发生,均为左侧。胃底坏死3例,小弯侧1例,大弯侧2例,其中1例伴穿孔。胃经膈肌破口进入胸腔,胃不同程度扩张,坏死区胃壁稍厚与未坏死部分分界较清楚;3例增强扫描早期坏死区不强化,其中1例周围胃动脉分支无对比剂充盈,延迟期坏死区轻度强化,2例增强早期轻度强化;胃坏死区周围脂肪层模糊、密度增高;1例胃腔内可见少量溢出对比剂,表现为动脉期斑点状高密度影;1例大弯侧穿孔处胃壁连续性中断,可见小缺口,胃内容物经缺口溢出;胸腔积液3例,其中1例穿孔者呈混杂密度。1例伴左肾疝入胸腔,1例伴局部陈旧性脾梗死。结论外伤后迟发性膈疝合并胃坏死具有一定的直接和间接特征性CT表现,运用合适的检查技术并正确认识胃坏死的CT征象有助于提高诊断准确率,为尽早手术治疗提供客观依据,避免全胃坏死等严重后果