C·肉毒杀鼠素(冻干剂)对达乌尔黄鼠毒力测定

目的 为研究C·肉毒杀鼠素对达乌尔黄鼠的毒力,找到一种新的杀灭达乌尔黄鼠的有效药物,进行了C·肉毒杀鼠素的LD_(50)测定。方法 随机分组,霍思氏法直接灌胃。结果 C·肉毒杀鼠素对达乌尔黄鼠有较强的毒性(LD_(50)为6.81 μl/kg)。结论 C·肉毒杀鼠素可以用做草原大面积灭鼠的首选药。     

C型肉毒杀鼠素和敌鼠钠盐毒饵杀灭啮齿动物的效果比较

本次试验采用Ｃ型肉毒杀鼠素和敌鼠钠盐毒饵对有栖鼠类和野外小型啮齿动物进行杀灭效果比较。室内选２００个房间分两个杀灭区,分放两种毒饵,野外选面积２６公顷,以天然屏幕分两个杀灭区,分放两种毒饵。室内用方块法调查灭效,杀鼠素毒饵灭效９２．８１％,敌鼠钠盐毒饵灭效９０．１８％,九格法调查,杀鼠素毒饵灭效９０．６８５,敌鼠钠盐毒饵灭效９０．１２％,Ｐ〉０．０５。     

C型肉毒梭菌毒素对小白鼠的毒力测定研究

目的：为研究C型肉毒梭菌毒素的毒力情况，进行了C型肉毒梭菌毒素对小白鼠的LD50测定。方法：随机分组，直接灌胃法。结果：C型肉毒梭菌毒素对小白鼠LD50为0．147ml/kg。结论：该毒素对小白鼠有较强的毒性，建议推广应用灭鼠。     

甲,乙,丙型肝炎病毒重叠感染

４９３名健康献血员和１９２例ＨＢＶ感染者，用ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测抗－ＨＡＶ－ＩｇＭ和抗一ＨＣＶ，发现献血员之ＨＣＶ感染率为１．６２％。ＨＢＶ感染者的ＨＡＶ、ＨＢＶ二重感染率为１６．７％，ＨＢＶ、ＨＣＶ二重感染率为３．１３％，ＨＡＶ、ＨＢＶ、ＨＣＶ三重感染率为０．５２％。重叠感染者，３２例ＨＡＶ和ＨＢＶ二重感染者，ＨＢｅＡｇ２８例转阴，与１５３例单纯ＨＢＶ感染者５７例转阴比较，有显著性差异（ｐ〈０．０５     

Apolipoprotein C in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with hypertriglyceridaemia

Summary The composition of apolipoprotein C of the very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) was examined in 23 treated Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients, who had elevated VLDL concentrations. Apolipoprotein C was separated by isoelectric focussing into apolipoprotein C-II which is known as the specific activator of lipoprotein lipase, and three apolipoprotein C-III fragments. A regulatory role has been ascribed to the ratio of apolipoprotein C-II to apolipoprotein C-III in the removal of plasma triglycerides. In our diabetic group, the composition of apolipoprotein C of the VLDL particles was not different from that of a healthy control group. In particular, the above apolipoprotein ratio and the relative amounts of apolipoprotein C-III fragments were normal. Hypertriglyceridaemia in these diabetic subjects does not seem to be related to alterations in the apolipoprotein C composition.     

2型糖尿病糖化血红蛋白达标的影响因素

糖化血红蛋白作为反映长期血糖水平的金标准,是监测糖尿病治疗的重要指标,但目前糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白状况仍不理想。影响糖化血红蛋白达标的因素较多并渐引起人们的关注。本文就年龄、病程、糖尿病治疗方案、糖尿病教育、文化程度和血糖自我监测等因素对糖化血红蛋白的影响作一综述。     

High Prevalence of Hepatitis C Infection in Afro-Caribbean Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Abnormal Liver Function Tests

Moderate elevations of serum transaminases are frequently found in patients with diabetes mellitus and are often attributed to fatty infiltration of the liver without further investigation. Recent studies of patients with end-stage liver disease have suggested a possible association between Hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody positivity and the development of diabetes (mostly Type 2). As a first step in the examination of any potential association between HCV and Type 2 diabetes in subjects without overt liver disease, we examined 200 British patients with Type 2 diabetes (100 White Caucasians, 50 Asians, and 50 Afro-Caribbeans), recruited from the United Kingdom Prospective Study of Diabetes, half of whom had a significant elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) on at least two occasions and half of whom had consistently normal ALT levels. In Afro-Caribbean Type 2 diabetic subjects 7/25 (28%) patients with abnormal ALT and 1/25 (4%) with normal ALT were HCV antibody positive. Among White Caucasian subjects 6/50 (12%) patients with abnormal LFTs and 0/50 with normal LFTs were HCV antibody positive and in Asians the prevalence was 2/25 (8%) and 0/25, respectively. This study suggests that persistent mild to moderate elevation of serum transaminases in a patient with Type 2 diabetes should not automatically be attributed to the metabolic disturbances of diabetes. Particularly in Afro-Caribbean subjects, HCV infection is a major diagnostic consideration. The question of whether HCV infection itself may have a diabetogenic action is worthy of further investigation.     

The complement component C4 in black Americans with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus

Summary The complement component C4 variants C4A4, C4B 4 and C4B QO were found to be significantly increased in 64 black patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes compared with 169 black control subjects, yielding relative risks of 3.3, 2.9 and 3.4, respectively. The increased frequencies of C4B 4 and C4B QO in black Type 1 diabetic patients are similar to those found in Caucasoid Type 1 diabetic patients. The data suggest that Type 1 diabetes in black Americans may be partially due to admixture of genes from whites.     

Triglycerides, apo C3 and Lp B:C3 and cardiovascular risk in Type II diabetes

Aims/hypothesis. Cardiovascular complications and particularly coronary heart disease are the main causes of morbidity and mortality in Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Some studies have shown that hypertriglyceridaemia in diabetes is an independent cardiovascular risk factor. In the ECTIM study high apolipoprotein C3 and lipoprotein B:C3 concentrations (lipoparticles playing a role in triglyceride metabolism) were associated with myocardial infarction in non-diabetic subjects.¶Methods. We studied the relations between macroangiopathy and different cardiovascular risk factors and lipid variables in 188 Type II diabetic subjects.¶Results. Multivariate analysis showed that triglycerides, apo C3 and Lp B:C3, sex, duration of diabetes, microalbuminuria and age were independently associated with macroangiopathy. The study group was divided into quartiles according to apo C3 and Lp B:C3 concentrations: the prevalence of macroangiopathy and coronary heart disease were increased in upper quartiles.¶Conclusion/interpretation. Triglycerides apo C3 and Lp B:C3 were independent cardiovascular risk markers in our group of Type II diabetic patients. [Diabetologia (2000) 43: 703–708]     

Metformin reduces C-reactive protein but not complement factor C3 in overweight patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

AIMS: To determine the influence of metformin treatment on plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) and complement factor C3. METHODS: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of metformin in patients with poorly controlled Type 2 diabetes mellitus and body mass index > 25 kg/m2. CRP and C3 were analysed in stored plasma samples by in-house ELISAs. Patients attended two baseline visits before randomization and subsequently attended at 3, 6, 12 and 24 weeks post randomization. All patients gave informed consent according to a protocol approved by the Leeds Teaching Hospitals Research Ethics Committee. RESULTS: Baseline CRP in the patients randomized to placebo [1.33 (0.79, 2.25) mg/l] and metformin [1.24 (0.89, 1.71) mg/l] were similar (P = 0.8). Baseline CRP correlated with baseline C3 (r = 0.366) and HbA1c (r = 0.327). The difference in ratios of CRP levels at each visit to baseline between placebo- (n = 16) and metformin-treated (n = 26) subjects was significantly different at the 12-week (P = 0.002) and 24-week (P = 0.03) visits. The difference in CRP ratios between the two treatment groups remained significant after accounting for glycaemic control at both visits (P = 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively). Baseline C3 was correlated with CRP. Baseline C3 was lower in the placebo-treated group [0.97 (0.88, 1.05) mg/ml] compared with the metformin-treated group [1.09 (1.02, 1.17) mg/ml, P = 0.03]. There was no difference in the mean change in C3 at any visit from baseline between placebo- and metformin-treated groups. CONCLUSION: Metformin may have a specific interaction with mechanisms involved in CRP synthesis or secretion, not directly related to improved insulin sensitivity and dampening of chronic inflammation.     

C型钠尿肽与高血压及左室肥厚的关系

目的 :初步探讨血浆 C型钠尿肽 （CNP）水平与高血压及左室肥厚程度的相关性。方法 :采用卒中易感型自发性高血压大鼠 （SHRSP） ,并与正常血压大鼠 （WKY）作对照 ,应用放射免疫方法检测 CNP水平。结果 :SHRSP组收缩压 （SBP）和反映左室肥厚的指标如左心室加室间隔 （L V+S）重量和 （L V+S） /体重 （BW）比值均明显高于 WKY组 （P<0 .0 1） ;SHRSP血浆 CNP水平 （145± 42 ng/ L）明显高于 WKY（72± 11ng/ L） ,差异非常显著 （P<0 .0 1） ;SHRSP血浆 CNP与 SBP,（L V+S） / BW均呈正相关 （P<0 .0 5 ） ,而 CNP与心率 （HR）、右心室 （RV）重量和 BW则未见明显相关性 （P>0 .0 5 ）。结论 :血浆 CNP水平可以反映高血压及左室肥厚程度。