体育活动意外伤害情况调查

通过自制调查表对本校全体在校学生体育活动意外伤害情况进行调查，结果表明：(1)体育活动意外伤害发生率学期平均为32．16％，其中男生发生率明显高于女生；(2)体育活动意外伤害部位由下而上逐渐减少，机体组织损伤主要依次为皮肤、韧带和肌肉，按性质分，意外伤害主要为擦伤、扭伤和拉伤；(3)男生意外伤害程度高于女生，平均损失6．54课时／人／学期，女生仅为1.92课时／人／学期。     

社区学龄前儿童意外伤害状况及母亲认知水平的调查

目的了解社区学龄前儿童在过去的1年内意外伤害情况及母亲认知水平,找出儿童意外伤害的主要原因,为今后社区开展儿童意外伤害健康教育提供理论依据。方法采取整群抽样方法,将社区内5所幼儿园学龄前儿童及其母亲作为调查对象,采用问卷的方式进行调查。结果意外伤害的发生率为44．37％,伤害次数发生率为59．1％,伤害主要原因为跌伤、碰伤、咬伤抓伤、刀割伤和车辆伤;1年内伤害的人次数占调查人数的比率分别为跌伤24．9％、碰伤13．1％、咬伤抓伤8．3％、刀割伤2．5％和车辆伤2．5％;儿童母亲对意外伤害等相关知识有一定的了解。结论社区应加强对学龄前儿童母亲的健康教育,以减少儿童意外伤害的发生。     

技工学校学生意外伤害的流行病学调查分析

了解技工学校学生意外伤害的充行病学特点及发病原因，为干预措施的建立提供科学依据。方法：采用问卷法对邯郸市四所技工学校１６８６名学生进行意外伤害的流行病学调查分析。结果：意外伤害的发生率为２１．００％，男生高于女生，前五位伤害为：磁伤（８．８４％），跌伤（７．４７％），中毒（４．５７％），自行车伤（４．２７％），硬物击伤（３．３２％）。结论：技校学生意外伤害预防的关键在于加强学校各项管理，抓好安全卫     

7～16岁儿童伤害的现况研究

提要伤害是儿童死亡的主要原因之一，因而儿童期伤害是儿童的重要健康问题，为了了解伤害的现况及其原因，为今后开展伤害的预防工作提供流行病学的基本资料，本文采用整群抽样的方法，对广东省汕头市2所小学及1所中学的7－16岁在校学生共2553名1年中的伤害发生情况进行调查。结果表明，伤害发生率为37．96％，男性儿童伤害发生率明显高于女性（P＜0．05）；38．1％的儿童1年中发生两次以上的伤害。随着年龄的增加发生率呈增长趋势；在发生的伤害类型中，跌伤的发生率占首位，居前4位的伤害原因是玩耍、运动、骑车及走路；伤害发生地点主要…     

麻城市农村某社区O～6岁儿童意外伤害流行状况及影响因素研究

目的 探讨农村地区0-6岁儿童意外伤害流行病学特征及影响因素，为开展伤害预防干预提供依据。方法 以问卷方式调查湖北省麻城市宋埠镇1998年所有发生意外伤害的0—6岁儿童，采用1：1配对病例对照研究的方法探索危险因素。结果 该地区0—6岁儿童意外伤害发生率为3．56％，男女比例为2．67：1。跌伤、烧烫伤和动物咬伤是最常见类型。13．63％的受伤儿童需住院治疗，因伤害致残疾者占1．82％。意外伤害医疗资用支出占家庭年总收入的3．94％。农村儿童意外伤害的影响因素为儿童的照顾者、家庭社会经济状况及儿童性格行为特点等。结论 意外伤害严重影响着农村地区0-6岁儿童的健康，给家庭和社会造成经济损失。预防重点是培训村级医师，开展健康教育，尤其需要提高儿童家长的安全知识水平。     

2000～2002年重庆市大渡口区5家幼儿园儿童意外伤害调查分析

目的 探讨大渡口区2～6岁幼儿意外伤害的类型、时间及种类分布情况。方法 采用统计学方法分析大渡口区5所托幼机构2000～2002年意外伤害的发生情况。结果 幼儿意外伤害季节性特点比较明显，夏季发生意外伤害占总数的41．9％，春季占37．5％；意外伤害发生率最常见的是在家中，占40％左右，其次是路途和公共场所；伤害最主要的原因是玩耍，占50％以上；意外伤害发生最常见的部位是头颈部，占40％左右。结论 老师及家长应针对不同年龄和性别的儿童，采取不同的宣教措施和防护手段；加强健康教育宣传；采取安全措施，减少意外伤害。     

儿童意外伤害原因分析及干预探讨

目的：了解本地区儿童意外伤害构成特点,提出可能的干预措施。方法：选择2003～2007年0～14岁儿童意外伤害住院病例做回顾性分析。结果：意外伤害占同期住院病例7．06％。意外伤害前5位分别是车祸（30．18％）、中毒（23．37％）、跌伤（17．94％）、击打（10．99％）、烧烫伤（6．26％）。学龄前儿童是意外伤害的高发年龄段。结论：意外伤害是儿童健康、生命的严重威胁,只有因地制宜,全社会参与,才可能降低意外伤害的发生率。     

小儿窒息急救处理及预防干预进展

小儿窒息是临床比较常见的病症。是急性上呼吸道梗阻的紧急情况，易致呼吸、心搏骤停危及生命。1999年1月中华儿科学会在海口召开“全国儿童意外损伤学术会议”上指出意外伤害是我国0—14岁儿童的首位死亡原因，死亡率为67．13／10万，其中窒息、溺水、车祸占全部伤害死亡的80．4％。如何减少儿童窒息发生率、致残率和死亡率，提高儿童青少年的健康水平，     

海南省城市青少年危险行为现状研究(1)

目的了解海南省城市初中生伤害行为现状，为制定干预措施提供科学依据。方法抽取海口、三亚、文昌、儋州等4个城市31所初中5353名学生，采用青少年危险行为调查问卷组织学生集体自填匿名调查。结果调查14种伤害行为，初中学生学习压力重、骑车违规、孤独行为等危险行为发生率占前三位，分别为67．8％、61．5％、50．7％。不同类型城市、学校、年级、性别，学生伤害行为发生率有差异。骑车违规、步行违规、非安全游泳等非故意伤害行为发生率普通初中高于重点初中，男生显著高于女生，高年级高于低年级；其中步行违规、非安全游泳县级市高于地区市；学习压力重、失眠、自杀意念、离家意念等故意伤害行为，女生显著高于男生，高年级高于低年级（斗殴除外）。结论海南省城市初中生存在着多种伤害危险行为，学习压力重、骑车违规、孤独等行为发生率最高，应采取相关措施提高青少年伤害预防保健意识。     

某卫校学生意外伤害现状及其对伤害认知情况的调查

目的了解某卫校学生意外伤害发生的现状及其对伤害的认知情况。方法采取普查的方法,调查2007级学生对伤害的认知及一年来的意外伤害情况。结果伤害发生率为37.1%,其中男生伤害发生率为55.0%,女生伤害发生率为36.0%,男生高于女生,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;学生对意外伤害的认识不足,存在的伤害行为亟待消除。结论某卫校学生意外伤害现状较严重,其对意外伤害的认识还有待进一步提高,加强意外伤害的预防教育很有必要。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.