白头翁醇提物的抗肿瘤作用

目的：主要探索中药白头翁抗肿瘤的有效组分，研究其醇提物的作用及安全性。方法：采用小鼠移植性肿瘤模型（S180肉瘤、HepA肝癌、EAC腹水癌）、碳末廓清试验及口服最大耐量试验进行观察。结果：白头翁醇提物30、20、109／kg／d口服共9天，对S180肉瘤、HepA肝癌的抑瘤率分别为35．6、30．1、27．9％及40．2、38．0、31．8％；对EAC的生命延长率为12．5、7．0及1．2％。各剂量组均能提高非特异性免疫功能。口服最大耐量超过105g／kg。结论：醇提物口服毒性小，确有较高抑瘤和提高免疫功能的作用。     

人肝谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的动力学性质

从人肝中分离获得谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶，其最适pH为8．5，最适温度为37℃。该酶以H2O2或GSH为鹿物时表观Km值分别为0．27mmol／L和1．3mmol／L。酶与多分子鹿物作用的动力学研究表明人肝谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的作用为乒乓机制。并观察了一些金属离子和烷化剂对该酶具有不同程度的抑制作用。     

国产氨舒钠体外抗菌活性

目的 :比较国产氨舒钠 (ASN)和进口优立新 (ULX)制剂 (均由氨苄西林 (AMP)与舒马坦 (SBT)以 2 :1比例组成 )的体外抗菌活性。方法 :采用平皿二倍稀释法 ,多点接种仪点种细菌测定最小抑菌浓度 (MIC) ,并观察药物的MBC及接种菌量、pH、血清浓度改变对药物抗菌作用的影响。结果 :AMP与ASN或ULX对革兰阳性菌的MIC50 之平均比值分别为 4 8和 5 1;对革兰阴性菌的平均MIC50 比值分别为 6 3和 6 6 ;ASN和AMP的MBC为 2～ 4×MIC。接种菌量在 10 3 ～ 10 9CFU/ml、pH值在 5～ 9及血清浓度在 0 %～ 2 0 %的范围内 ,药物的MIC仅提高 1～ 4倍。结论 :SBT能增强氨苄西林的抗菌活性 ;接种菌量、pH、血清浓度改变对药物抗菌活性无明显影响。     

用米曲霉生产纳豆的研究

目的 以米曲霉为菌种，优质大豆为培养基，研究生产纳豆的适宜条件。方法 以米曲霉为菌种，选择不同温度(34℃、37℃、40℃、46℃)，不同pH(pH5．0、pH6．0、pH7.0、pH8．0、pH9．0)，不同NaCl浓度(2％、5％、10％)及不同接种量(1％、2％、3％、4％)，分别在恒温摇床上用液体培养基培养18h后，用比浊测其细胞量及用纤维平板法、体外溶栓法测其NK活性。比较测定最适宜条件后，在最适宜条件下测其生长曲线及NK活动。结果 在本实验生产条件下，米曲霉在37℃、pH7．0、NaCl浓度为2％、接种量为2％、种龄为18h的条件下生长最好，所得纳豆具良好活性。结论 用米曲霉生产纳豆，方法可行、实用，值得进一步研究和开发利用。     

灯盏乙素的体外降解动力学

目的研究灯盏乙素（Scu）的体外降解动力学。方法将灯盏花素溶解在pH6．8及pH7．4磷酸盐缓冲液及不同浓度的家兔小肠内容物、肝组织匀浆和血浆中，37℃恒温水浴，降解一定时间后取样，高效液相色谱法测定Scu的浓度，考察其降解动力学。结果Scu在缓冲液和生物样品中的降解均符合表观一级动力学过程，4％、2％及1％的肝组织匀浆中的降解半衰期分别为0．19、0．34及0．69h；在20％、10％及4％的小肠内容物中其降解半衰期分别为1．42、3．17及6．75h；在100％、20％及10％的血浆中其降解半衰期分别为2．08、10．13及21．46h。而在pH6．8及pH7．4磷酸盐缓冲液中其降解半衰期则分别为111．8h和315．0h。结论灯盏乙素体外不稳定，在生物样品中降解迅速，肝脏、血液、小肠等都是Scu可能的降解部位。     

RP-HPLC法测定人血清中水杨酸的浓度

目的：建立测定人血清中水杨酸浓度的方法。方法：采用反相高效液相色谱法，HYPERSIL ODS（200×4．6mm，5μl）色谱柱；流动相：甲醇：1％乙酸（45：55）；流速：0．9ml／min；检测波长：299nm；柱温：35℃。结果：水杨酸在0．51-32．64μg／ml范围内有良好的线性关系，r=0．9999，血清中药物最低检测浓度为0．1μg／ml（S／N=3），提取回收率为90％，血清中三种浓度回收率分别为103．92％、99．68％、99．51％，日内、日间RSD分别为3．9％、1．6％、1．0％及5．9％、3．2％、1．9％。结论：本法操作简单、快捷，方法灵敏度和准确度较高，适用于血药浓度及生物利用度的测定。     

笔管草醇提物的调节血脂作用

目的　观察笔管草醇提物对正常大鼠及实验性高脂血症兔的降脂作用。方法　用不同剂量的笔管草醇提物给予大鼠灌胃 (ig)给药 ,1次 /d ,连续 15天 ,测大鼠血清中甘油三脂 (TG)和总胆固醇(TC)浓度 ;另将笔管草醇提物加在高脂兔饲料中加工成含有不同药物浓度的兔饲料 ,按每天 10 0 g/只 ,连续喂养 6 0d ,观察其对家兔血清中TG、TC和 β-载脂蛋白浓度的影响。 结果　不同剂量的笔管草醇提物能降低大鼠血清中TG和TC浓度 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,对实验性高脂血症兔能降低血中TC浓度 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而对TG和 β -载脂蛋白无明显影响(P>0 .0 5 )。结论　笔管草醇提物具有良好的调节血脂作用。     

6种中药组方对小鼠B16黑素瘤细胞增殖和黑素生成的影响

目的研究6种中药组方水提物、醇提物对小鼠B16黑素瘤细胞增殖及黑素生成的影响。方法以MTT法测定各组方对B16细胞的增殖活性;NaOH裂解法测定各组方对B16细胞的黑素生成量。结果组方1、2、3水提物和组方2、4、6醇提物具有明显促细胞增殖作用（P〉0．05）;水提物中细胞增殖率最高的为组方2（0．625mg／ml）,增殖率为22．60％;醇提物中细胞增殖率最高的为组方4（0．078mg／ml）,增殖率为11．60％。组方1、2、4、5、6水提物和6种组方醇提物均具有促进黑色素生成的作用（P〈0．05）。水提物中黑素增率最高的为组方1（0.313mg／ml）,增率为75．38％;醇提物中黑素生成增率最高的为组方1（1．25mg／ml）,增率为88．01％。结论各组方对鼠黑素瘤B16细胞增殖及黑素生成均有一定的促进作用,但其作用强度与组方的组成密切相关。     

地锦草提取物抗口腔病原菌作用的体外研究

目的探讨地锦草乙醇提取物（AE）和石油醚提取物（PEE）对口腔病原菌的体外抗菌作用。方法用试管倍比稀释法测定两种提取物对常见口腔病原的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）及最小杀菌浓度（MBC）,判断其抗菌活性。结果AE对变异链球菌、粘性放线菌和牙银卟啉单孢菌等3种常见口腔病原菌的MIC分剐为25mg／ml、50mg／ml、12．5mg／ml。MBC分别为50mg／ml、〉100mg／ml、25mg／ml,PEE的MIC分别为5％、10％、2．5％,MBC分别为10％、〉20％、10％。结论两种提取均有一定抗菌作用,但醇提物抗菌作用较强。     

龟叶草抗炎镇痛作用的实验研究

目的：研究龟叶草抗炎镇痛作用。方法：抗炎实验采用小鼠耳廓肿胀法、大鼠足肿胀等方法；镇痛实验选用热板法和醋酸扭体法。结果：龟叶草水煎液ip0.5,2.0g/kg及醇提液2．0g/kg均能非常显著地抑制小鼠耳肿胀作用，抑制率分别为60．23％，72．31％及30．11％。龟叶草醇液ip2g/kg在1，2，3，4h对大鼠足肿胀有很明显的抑制作用，抑制率分别为91．7％，68．1％，37．6％，43．6％；剂量为0．5g/kg时抑制率分别为44．3％，44．9％，27．5％，18．7％。水煎液ip0.5,2g/kg对热板致小鼠痛阈有显著提高，能使醋酸致小鼠扭体反应有显著抑制作用，抑制率分别为29．7％，57．0％。结论：龟叶草有较强的抗炎、镇痛作用。     

皮寒药不同提取液体外抗菌作用研究

目的:研究皮寒药全草水提液、乙醇提取液的体外抗菌作用.方法:采用纸片扩展法和2倍递增稀释浓度法检测皮寒药提取液的最低抑菌浓度( MIC)及测定其对5种菌种的抑菌率.结果:皮寒药水提液、乙醇提取液对表皮葡萄球菌的生长有明显的抑制作用,MIC均为25μg/mL;皮寒药乙醇提取液( 100μg/mL)对金色葡萄球菌有一定的抑制作用,其抑制率88.57％;皮寒药水提液(12.5μg/mL)和乙醇提取液(12.5μg/mL)对表皮葡萄球菌的抑菌率分别为80.39％、32.68％.结论:皮寒药水提液和乙醇提取液对表皮葡萄球菌有明显抑菌作用,且水提液比乙醇提取液的抑制作用强;乙醇提取液对金色葡萄球菌表现出抑菌作用,但药物浓度较大.皮寒药水提液和乙醇提取液在实验药物浓度下对绿脓杆菌、大肠杆菌及沙门氏菌无明显抑制作用.     

贯众提取液对革兰氏阳性球菌的抑菌作用

目的：了解贯众(Dryopteris crossirhizomz)不同提取液对革兰氏阳性球菌的抑菌作用。方法：分别用水以及3种不同pH值的70％乙醇为溶媒提取贯众干品以制备贯众提取液，利用打孔法和试管稀释法测定提取液对13种微生物的抑制效果。结果：每1ml含生药1g的贯众醇提液、水提液对革兰氏阳性菌有较强的抑制作用，尤其是革兰氏阳性球菌如金黄色葡萄球菌和甲型溶血性链球菌等。对革兰氏阴性菌和真菌的抑制作用较弱，但对普通变形杆菌则有较强的抑制作用。不同pH值的抽提溶剂对药物的有效抑菌成份的提出效果不同，抽提溶剂pH越小，有效成份的提出效果越好。结论：贯众醇提液、水提液对革兰氏阳性菌有较强的抑制作用，尤其是对革兰氏阳性球菌，而对革兰氏阴性菌和真菌的抑制作用则较弱。贯众的抗菌成份易溶于水，抽提效果随pH减小而增加。     

Antimicrobial activities of the rhizome extract of Zingiber zerumbet Linn

Objective

To investigate antimicrobial effects of ethanolic extract of Zingiber zerumbet (Z. zerumbet) (L.) Smith and its chloroform and petroleum ether soluble fractions against pathogenic bacteria and fungi.

Methods

The fresh rhizomes of Zingiber zerumbet were extracted in cold with ethanol (4.0 L) after concentration. The crude ethanol extract was fractionated by petroleum ether and chloroform to form a suspension of ethanol extract (15.0 g), petroleum ether fraction (6.6 g) and chloroform soluble fraction (5.0 g). The crude ethanol extract and its petroleum ether and chloroform fractions were evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal activity against thirteen pathogenic bacteria and three fungi by the disc diffusion method. Commercially available kanamycin (30 µg/disc) was used as standard disc and blank discs impregnated with the respective solvents were used as negative control.

Results

At a concentration of 400 µg/disc, all the samples showed mild to moderate antibacterial and antifungal activity and produced the zone of inhibition ranging from 6 mm to 10 mm. Among the tested samples, the crude ethanol extract showed the highest activity against Vibrio parahemolyticus (V. parahemolyticus). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the crude ethanol extract and its fractions were within the value of 128-256 µg/mL against two Gram positive and four Gram negative bacteria and all the samples showed the lowest MIC value against V. parahemolyticus (128 µg/mL).

Conclusions

It can be concluded that, potent antibacterial and antifungal phytochemicals are present in ethanol extract of Z. zerumbet (L).     

八角茴香油的提取工艺及抗菌、抗氧化性作用

目的：研究八角茴香油的提取工艺、抗菌、抗氧化作用。方法：采用95％乙醇做溶剂,通过正交试验、体外抑菌试验、对DPPH一自由基清除能力试验分别对八角中的八角茴香油的提取工艺、抑菌作用、自由基清除能力等进行研究。结果：试验结果表明,八角茴香与95％乙醇溶液比为1：6,虹吸次数为6次,浸泡时间为2．4h是八角茴香油的较佳提取工艺。八角茴香油浓度在15．62-62．50mg／L时对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、酵母菌及黑曲霉菌等呈中度敏感：对DPPH-自由基的清除能力随着浓度的增加而增强。结论：采用乙醇回流提取八角茴香油工艺的较佳条件为A2B2C3,八角茴香油对细菌、真菌均有一定的抗菌作用和抗氧化性。     

滇东南26种中草药体外抗菌活性研究

目的测定26种采自滇东南红河州原始森林中草药的80%乙醇提取物体外抗菌活性及对MRSA活性,筛选出抑菌效果好的药材进一步提取分离并追踪其有效成分。方法制备26种云南中草药乙醇提物,采用常规琼脂扩散法对金黄色葡萄球菌,大肠埃希菌,白假丝酵母菌,铜绿假单胞菌以及临床分离得到的MRSA菌株进行体外抑菌试验,倍比稀释法测定MIC（最小抑菌浓度）、MBC（最低杀菌浓度）。结果 26种云南中草药的醇提物中有16种对标准金黄色葡萄球菌标准菌株（ATCC 25923）、大肠埃希菌标准菌株（ATCC 25922）、铜绿假单胞菌标准菌株（ATCC27853）、白假丝酵母菌标准菌株（ATCC Y0109）均有不同程度的抑制活性;其中野梧桐,乔木茵芋等8种中草药对标准金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用较好,对标准金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈大小在11～24mm之间,对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）菌株抑菌活性在9～26mm之间,MIC在8～512μg/mL之间。结论野梧桐,乔木茵芋等8种中药具有广谱的抗菌活性,且对MRSA菌株也有一定的抑制作用。     

Studies on the antibacterial activity of Khaya senegalensis [(Desr.) A. Juss)] stem bark extract on Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi [(ex Kauffmann and Edwards) Le Minor and Popoff]

ObjectiveTo study the phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of the stem bark extracts of Khaya senegalensis (K. senegalensis) against Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi.MethodsThe plant components were extracted using methanol, ethanol and water. The phytochemical screening of the stem bark extracts were carried out using a standard method. The antibacterial assay of the stem bark extracts against Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) using the agar well diffusion method with different concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 400 and 500 mg/mL and the corresponding concentrations of the control was carried out and the result compared with a standard antibiotic, amoxicillin as the control.ResultsThe results obtained from the phytochemical screening of the three plant bark extracts of K. senegalensis showed 10 plant secondary metabolites including saponins, tannins, reducing sugars, aldehyde, phlobatannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycoside and anthroquinones. The ethanol and aqueous extracts showed antibacterial activities against S. Typhi at concentration of 50 mg/mL with the zone diameter of inhibition (ZDI) of 14 mm and 15 mm respectively. The ethanol and aqueous extracts also showed zone diameter of inhibition of 23 mm and 25 mm respectively at 250 mg/mL and 27 mm each at 500 mg/mL. The ethanol and aqueous stem bark extracts gave the highest ZDI at 500 mg/mL while 100 mg/mL gave the least ZDI for ethanol extract and 50 mg/mL for the aqueous extract. This was followed by 400 mg/mL that gave 24 mm ZDI of the aqueous extract and 27 mm of the ethanol extract. The methanol extract showed intermediate susceptibility evidenced by ZDI of 10 mm at 100 mg/mL concentration. The methanol extract also showed antibacterial activity of 24 mm ZDI against the test organism at a higher concentration of 250 mg/mL and 26 mm at 500 mg/mL concentration. The methanol, ethanol and aqueous extracts displayed antibacterial activities against S. Typhi with a statistical significant difference at (P≤0.05). The extracts compared favourably with the standard antibiotic, the control. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the extracts was 250, 200, 200 and 100 mg/mL for methanol, ethanol, aqueous extracts and amoxicillin (control) respectively. The minimum lethal concentration of the extracts was 250, 250, 400 and 200 mg/mL for methanol, ethanol, aqueous extracts and control respectively.ConclusionsThe antibacterial properties of K. senegalensis stem bark extract can be harnessed for the production of new antibiotics or the enhancement of already existing antibiotics.     

In vitro antimicrobial activities of methanolic extract from marine alga Enteromorpha intestinalis

Objective:To extract the bioactive compound from Enteromorpha intestinalis(E. intestinalis) and determine its in vitro antimicrobial activity. Methods: E. intestinalis was extracted by methanol and subjected to antimicrobial screening. The antimicrobial activity was studied by using disc diffusion and broth dilution method. The effect of the extract on the growth profile of the bacterial was also examined via time-kill assay. Microscopy observations using SEM was done to determine the major alterations in the microstructure of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA). Results: The results showed methanolic extract of E. intestinalis exhibited a favourable antimicrobial activity against tested bacteria with produced inhibition zone ranging from 8.0-19.0 mm. However, all the tested fungi and yeast were resistant to the extract treatment. Time kill assay suggested that methanolic extract of E. intestinalis had completely inhibited MRSA growth and also exhibited prolonged antibacterial activity. The main abnormalities noted from the microscopic observations were the structural deterioration in the normal morphology and complete collapsed of the bacteria cells after 36 h of treatment. Conclusions: The significant antibacterial activity shown by crude extract suggested its potential against MRSA infection. The extract may have potential to develop as antibacterial agent in pharmaceutical use.     

华东野核桃叶提取物体外抗菌作用研究

对华东野核桃叶提取物进行了体外抗菌实验,结果表明,华东野核桃叶提取物对金黄色萄萄球菌和肺炎克雷伯菌具明显的抑制作用,其中水提物抑菌效果优于醇提物,水提物高浓度时对革兰氏阴性杆菌中的大肠杆菌也有一定作用.     

Studies on the Antibacterial Activity of the Extract of Stachytarpheta angustifolia

Objective: To investigate the scientific bases for the traditional use of Stachy-tarpheta angustifolia. Methods: In vitro antibacterial activity of the aqueous and ethanol extract of the plant was investigated using the agar cup plate diffusion method. Results: The ethanol extract of the plant showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis, Shigella dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus), Salmonella sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, while the water extract was active against Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis, Shigella dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus and. Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The ethanol extract exhibited higher antibacterial activity than the water extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the ethanol extract were 0.65mg/ml and 0.85mg/ml, respectively, anainst S.aureus. Treatment of the extract at higher temperature, 60℃ increased the sensitivity of the test organisms to the plant extract. Phytochemical analysis indicated that the plant possesses tannins, saponins as well as phenols. Conclusion: A scientific basis exists that the plant possesses antibacterial activity and it could be a probable source of therapeutic agent.     

半夏内生菌SY-Z5不同发酵方式代谢产物的抗菌、抗肿瘤活性研究

[目的]通过固体和液体两种方式对实验室保存的半夏内生菌SY-Z5进行发酵,分别提取代谢产物,初步研究其抑菌和抗肿瘤活性。[方法]将固体培养和摇床发酵的产物预处理后,分别依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇进行萃取,通过抑菌实验和抗肿瘤实验初步检测其提取物活性。[结果]SY-Z5两种发酵方式的代谢产物均具有抑菌和抗肿瘤活性,其中乙酸乙酯粗提物效果最明显,固体发酵效果好于液体发酵。[结论]内生菌SY-Z5代谢产物具有抑菌和抗肿瘤活性,活性代谢产物主要存在于乙酸乙酯相中,为进一步分离抑菌和抗肿瘤活性物质和新药开发筛选前体化合物奠定基础。