食管引流型喉罩在全麻腹腔镜胆囊切除手术中的临床应用研究

目的 探讨食管引流型喉罩在全身麻醉腹腔镜手术中的应用.方法 择期手术病人80例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为两组,全麻诱导后分别插入喉罩(Ⅰ组)和气管插管(Ⅱ组),分别记录麻醉诱导前(T0,基础值)、插管(罩)即刻(T1)、插管后1 min(T2)、插管后5 min(T3)、气腹后5 min(T4)、气腹后10 min(T5)、放气腹后1 min(T6)、拔管(罩)后(T7)的血压、心率、相关呼吸参数[呼吸末二氧化碳(PETCO2)、吸入和呼出潮气量(Vti和Vte)、吸入和呼出分钟通气量(MVi和MVe)、气道峰压(Ppeak)和平台压(Pplat)、肺顺应性(CL)及气道阻力(Raw)]及观察不良反应发生情况.结果 T0时两组平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);麻醉后Ⅱ组较Ⅰ组HR增快、MAP升高(P<0.05);气腹后较气腹前PETCO2明显升高(P<0.05);Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组比较,术后咽部不适、术后咽痛差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 食管引流性喉罩可以安全有效地用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术.     

双管喉罩全麻复合连硬阻滞在老年腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

腹腔镜胆囊切除术具有创伤少、手术时间短、术后痛苦轻、恢复快等优点,同时因腹腔内注入二氧化碳气体,具有腹内压较高的特点,因此手术过程中要求麻醉深度适中,如合适的麻醉和肌肉松弛,控制膈肌抽动,保证呼吸和循环平稳[1].我院采用双管喉罩全麻复合连硬阻滞应用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术,取得了良好效果.     

优质护理在腹腔镜胆囊手术中的应用效果

目的探讨优质护理在腹腔镜胆囊手术中的应用效果。方法将我院2012年2月—2013年2月收治的50例接受腹腔镜胆囊切除术的患者随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组采用优质护理,对照组采用常规护理,比较两组患者的护理配合情况和对护理的满意度。结果观察组手术室配合情况优于对照组;观察组患者对护理工作的总满意率为96.0%,高于对照组的80.0%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在腹腔镜胆囊手术中配合优质护理能够有效提升患者的手术室配合度和满意度,值得在临床推广。     

日间手术腹腔镜胆囊切除1240例分析

目的探讨日间手术腹腔镜胆囊切除（LC/DS）的可行性和安全性,评价65岁以上老年患者LC/DS手术的效果。方法回顾性分析2009年11月至2010年12月我院1240例LC/DS临床资料,分析其并发症、延迟出院和再入院原因。比较65岁以下和老年患者LC/DS治疗效果。结果 1240例中1236例LC/DS手术成功,中转开腹4例（0.32%）。共发生6例（0.48%）并发症。延迟出院125例（10.1%）,其中49例（39.2%）因心理因素延迟出院,34例（27.2%）因手术后呕吐和腹痛延迟出院。再入院15例（1.2%）,8例因胆囊癌再入院。老年患者LC/DS无严重并发症,患者满意度与65岁以下组差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,延迟出院和再入院比例高于65岁以下组（P〈0.01）。结论日间手术腹腔镜胆囊切除安全可行,经选择的老年患者同样适合LC/DS医疗模式。心理因素、呕吐和腹痛是导致患者延迟出院的主要原因。     

SLIPA喉罩在高血压患者行甲状腺手术中的临床应用

目的探讨SLIPA喉罩应用于行甲状腺手术的高血压患者的安全性、可靠性及可行性。方法将40例需行甲状腺手术的高血压患者随机分为SLIPA喉罩组和气管插管组,各20例。观察并记录麻醉前(T0)、置入喉罩或插管即时(T1)、插管(罩)后5min(T2)、拔管(罩)前5min(T3),拔管(罩)时(T4)、拔管(罩)后15min(T5)各时点的平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR);记录人工气道建立时(P1)、成功后30min(P2)、手术结束时(P3)气道峰压(Ppeak)、呼气末二氧化碳分压(PetCO2)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2),并观察术中出现的不良反应。结果 T0和T3时点,两组HR、MAP比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);于T1、T2、T4、T5时点,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者人工气道建立成功时P1、P2、P3各时点Ppeak、PetCO2、SpO2比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。喉罩组术后咽部不适1例,不良反应发生率为5.0%;气管插管组术后咽部不适5例,不良反应发生率为25.0%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 SLIPA喉罩应用于行甲状腺手术的高血压患者,对其血流动力学的影响小,可以避免血压、心率的剧烈波动,能达到与气管插管一样的通气效果,且并发症少,是一种安全、可靠的通气装置。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术的气管插管全麻和喉罩通气道的应用比较

腹腔镜胆囊切除术与传统手术操作不同，代之以电视下使用电刀、电凝剥离、止血等操作。本文选择30例病人随机分组，观察对比气管插管和喉罩通气道在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中对血流动力学的影响，现报道如下。     

老年人腹腔镜胆囊切除围手术期的处理

老年人重要脏器功能减退,多伴有慢性疾病,行腹腔镜手术时,麻醉和手术可进一步影响心脏功能和血液动力学改变,手术风险明显增加。如何根据老年人的临床特点,注重围手术期的综合处理,提高老年人腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)的安全性,现将我院LC2526例中60岁以上老年患者158例(占6.25%)的     

Proseal喉罩在妇科腹腔镜手术中的应用

妇科腹腔镜择期手术患者60例,ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级,随机分为喉罩组和气管导管组。TCI血浆靶控输注得普利麻PFS和瑞芬太尼,术中调整靶浓度把BIS值维持在50±5范围内。记录心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）、气道峰值压（Pmax）、气道平均压（Pmean）、脉搏血氧饱和度（SpO2）、呼气末二氧化碳分压（PETCO2）的数值。发现两组间各时间点HR、MAP、Pmax、Pmean、PETCO2变化无统计学差异,两组SPO2一直保持稳定水平;两组一、二次置管（罩）和置管（罩）总的成功率基本相同;两组麻醉时间、手术时间无显著性差异,喉罩组麻醉药用量明显小于气管导管组。拔管（罩）期并发症喉罩组明显低于气管导管组。提示Proseal喉罩用于妇科腹腔镜手术安全可靠。     

快速康复外科在围术期腹腔镜胆囊切除手术中的应用

快速康复外科(FTS)的主要理念是指在术前、术中及术后应用各种已证实有效的方法减少手术应激及并发症,加速患者术后康复。我院2009年3月开始将FTS新理念引入腹腔镜胆囊切除术,效果良好。     

食管引流型喉罩在颈椎骨折手术中的应用观察

目的 通过比较两组病人分别置入喉罩和气管内插管的成功率和血流动力学变化,凸显食管引流型喉罩(PLMA)在颈椎骨折手术麻醉中的优越性.方法 将60例ASAⅠ～Ⅲ级颈椎骨折需行手术治疗的病人随机分为两组:食管引流型喉罩组(A组)和盲插气管插管组(B组).分别按常规麻醉诱导后置入气管导管或食管引流型喉罩(下统称麻醉构件).记录两组患者诱导前、诱导后、置构件后1 min、3 min、拔出构件前及后5 min的SBP、DBP和HR值,还有置入构件所需的时间、成功率及并发症等.结果 成功置入构件后1 min和3 min的BP及拔出构件前后的BP、HR组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),B组高于A组;而插置构件所用的时间和低氧血症、呛咳、支气管痉挛及出血血肿等麻醉并发症B组亦明显高于A组.结论 麻醉采用PLMA是一种操作简单快捷、安全舒适、术后呼吸道并发症少的呼吸支持方法,对颈椎骨折等插管困难病人尤其适用.     

喉罩麻醉在老年人疝修补术中的应用

目的 探讨喉罩麻醉在老年人疝修补术中的应用效果。方法80例65岁及以上择期行斜（直）疝修补术的男性患者,随机分为喉罩组（LMA）和气管插管（TTA）组。比较两组用药量以及诱导和复苏前后血流动力学变化情况。结果LMA组围麻醉期用药量少,血压波动小。结论喉罩麻醉适用于老年人疝修补术。     

帕瑞昔布用于老年患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术后镇痛效果观察

目的 观察围术期应用帕瑞昔布对老年患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术后镇痛效果的影响.方法 前瞻性、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照、平行分组研究,选择美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)病情评估分级标准Ⅰ或Ⅱ级的择期全麻下行腹腔镜胆囊切除手术患者40例,年龄60～80岁,随机分为帕瑞昔布组和安慰剂组,每组20例,帕瑞昔布组于手术前l0 min、手术后12 h和24 h分别静脉注射帕瑞昔布40 mg,安慰剂组于手术前10 min、手术后12 h和24 h分别静脉注射生理盐水5 ml,用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)观察术后2 h、4 h、6 h、12 h、24 h的疼痛强度和患者对镇痛的满意度.结果 与安慰剂组比较,帕瑞昔布组的术后2 h、4 h、6 h、12 h和24 h的VAS评分明显降低(均P＜0.05).帕瑞昔布组24 h镇痛满意度(8.1±1.2)分,高于安慰剂组(5.2±0.9)分,差异有统计学意义(t=7.402,P＜0.05).结论 静脉注射帕瑞昔布用于老年患者腹腔镜胆囊切除手术,能有效缓解术后疼痛,提高患者术后镇痛质量.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the postoperative analgesic effects of perioperative intravenous parecoxib in gerontal patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods A prospective,randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study was performed. The 40 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients (aged 60-80 years) undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia were randomly allocated to 2 groups (n = 20,each): the parecoxib group received intravenous parecoxib 40 mg at 10 minutes before incision and 12 hours and 24 hours after incision; however, the placebo group received 5 ml normal saline instead of parecoxib at the same time. The intensity of algesia was measured using visual analogue scale (VAS)scores (1-10, 0 = no pain, 10 = worst pain), and was recorded at 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 hours after operation. The patients' global evaluation of postoperative analgesia was recorded and compared between the two groups. Results The VAS scores at the different time points were significantly less in parecoxib group than in placebo group (all P＜ 0.05). The patients' global evaluation of postoperative analgesia was higher in parecoxib group than in placebo group [(8. 1 ± 1.2) scores vs.(5.2± 0. 9 ) scores, t = 7. 402, P ＜ 0. 05]. Conclusions Intravenous parecoxib can effectively relieve postoperative algesia and improve postoperative analgesia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.     

Inflammatory response to surgical trauma in patients with minilaparotomy cholecystectomy versus laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomised multicentre study

Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the inflammatory response to surgical trauma in minilaparotomy cholecystectomy (MC) compared to laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Assessment of inflammatory response to surgical trauma in MC has not been addressed properly. Therefore, we investigated five interleukins (IL) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in MC versus LC group in a prospective randomised trial. Methods Initially, 106 patients with non-complicated symptomatic gallstone disease were randomised into MC (n?=?56) or LC (n?=?50) groups. Plasma levels of five interleukins (IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10) and hs-CRP were measured at three time points; before operation (PRE), immediately after operation (POP1) and six hours after operation (POP2). The primary end-point of the study was to compare the plasma levels of five interleukins and CRP in LC versus MC group. Results The demographic variables and the surgical data were similar in the study groups. The patients in the MC group had higher elevation of the CRP mean values post-operatively (p?=?0.01). However, the patients in the MC group had higher elevation of the IL-1ra mean values post-operatively, the mean pre-/post-operative IL-1ra values being 299/614?pg/ml in the MC group versus 379/439?pg/ml in the LC group (p?=?0.003). There was no statistical significance in IL-6 mean values between the MC and LC groups pre- and post-operatively (POP1). However, the patients in the MC group had higher IL-6 mean values six hours post-operatively (POP2), the mean IL-6 values being 27.6?pg/ml in the MC group versus 14.8?pg/ml in the LC group (p?=?0.037). In addition, the patients in the MC group had higher elevation of the IL-6 mean values post-operatively, the mean pre-/post-operative IL-6 values being 4.1/27.6?pg/ml in the MC group versus 3.8/14.8?pg/ml in the LC group (p?=?0.04). There was no statistical significance in IL-8, IL-10, and IL-1β mean values between the MC and LC groups pre- and post-operatively. Conclusion Our results suggest that the inflammatory response in MC versus LC groups was similar based on the IL-8, IL-10, and IL-1β values. A new finding with possible clinical relevance in the present work is higher relative elevation of the IL-1ra and IL-6 mean values post-operatively in the MC group.     

The plasma 8-OHdG levels and oxidative stress following cholecystectomy: a randomised multicentre study of patients with minilaparotomy cholecystectomy versus laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of 8-OHdG (8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine) detecting oxidative stress response following cholecystectomy in a randomised multicentre study of patients with minilaparotomy cholecystectomy (MC) versus laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).

Methods: Initially, 106 patients with non-complicated symptomatic gallstone disease were randomised into MC (n?=?56) or LC (n?=?50) groups. Plasma levels of the oxidative stress marker 8-OHdG measured at three time points; before (PRE), immediately after (POP1) and 6?h after operation (POP2).

Results: The demographic variables and the surgical data were similar in the study groups. The plasma oxidative stress marker 8-OHdG concentrations following surgery in the MC versus LC patients were quite similar. There was no significant correlation between the individual values of the11-point numeric rating pain scale (NRS) versus the plasma 8-OHdG post-operatively in the MC and LC patients. However, there was a statistically significant correlation between the individual values of the plasma 8-OHdG (PRE) versus IL-10 (PRE) for the MC and LC patients (r?=?0.214, p?=?0.037). There was also a statistically significant correlation between the individual values of the plasma 8-OHdG (POP2) versus IL-1β (POP2) for the MC and LC patients (r?=?0.25, p?=?0.01).

Conclusion: Our results suggest that the oxidative stress marker 8-OHdG concentrations following surgery in MC versus LC patients were quite similar. A new finding with possible clinical relevance is a correlation between the individual plasma values of the 8-OHdG versus anti-inflammatory interleukin IL-10 and 8-OHdG versus IL-1β (proinflammatory) in the MC and LC patients suggesting that inflammation and oxidative stress are related.     

General laryngeal mask airway anesthesia with lumbar plexus and sciatic block provides better outcomes than general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation in elderly patients undergoing hip surgery

ObjectiveTo compare the perioperative outcomes and hemodynamic effects at induction of general laryngeal mask airway (LMA) anesthesia with lumbar plexus-sciatic nerve block (LPSB) and general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation (ET) in elderly patients undergoing hip surgery.MethodsA total of 63 patients having open reduction internal fixation of an intertrochanteric fracture were randomly assigned to receive LMA anesthesia with LPSB or general anesthesia with ET. Perioperative and postoperative outcomes were compared between the 2 groups.ResultsCompared with the LMA/block group, there were significant reductions in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure at induction in the general endotracheal group (all, P < 0.001). In the general ET group, 84% of the patients experienced at least one episode of significant hypotension, whereas no patient in the LMA/block group had significant hypotension (P < 0.001). There were no changes in cardiac output, cardiac index, stroke volume, and stroke volume index of the LMA/block group, whereas significant changes were noted in the general anesthesia ET group. Significantly fewer complications were noted in the LMA/block group, and LMA block was associated with shorter weaning time, fewer returns to the intensive care unit, and less postoperative pain.ConclusionsGeneral LMA anesthesia with LPSB provides better outcomes that general ET anesthesia in elderly patients undergoing hip surgery.     

Digestive complications of gallstones lost during laparoscopic cholecystectomy

IntroductionSerious complications can ensue if a gallstone is dropped into the peritoneal cavity during laparoscopic cholecystectomy and not retrieved.Case outlineA 75-year-old-man was admitted with intestinal obstruction 8 years after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Ultrasound scan and a contrast x-ray of the small bowel showed a gallstone within the small bowel lumen that CT scan had failed to identify. Laparotomy showed a Meckel''s diverticulum plus a 4×6-cm gallstone in the terminal ileum. The gallstone had penetrated into the Meckel''s diverticulum before migrating into the ileum and obstructing it.DiscussionGallstones lost during laparoscopic cholecystectomy can cause an intraperitoneal abscess. In addition, they can migrate through the anterior or posterior abdominal wall or the diaphragm and into the urinary tract or bronchus. The resulting abscess can obstruct the digestive tract or drain into the digestive tract to cause a communicating abscess. It can also drain through the abdominal wall and the digestive tract to cause an enterocutaneous fistula. Lastly, the stone can migrate into the intestine and cause gallstone ileus. Following laparoscopic cholecystectomy, patients with a lost gallstone may suffer from abdominal pain and fever within days or months. Thus, all dropped gallstones should be removed during laparoscopy.     

ProSeal喉罩对老年乳腺癌根治术患者全身麻醉苏醒期的影响

目的 比较ProSeal喉罩和气管导管在全身麻醉(全麻)苏醒期对老年乳腺癌根治术患者的影响.方法 美国麻醉医师学会(ASA)分级Ⅰ-Ⅱ级、择期在全麻下行乳腺癌根治术的老年女性患者30例,随机分为2组,ProSeal喉罩组(喉罩组,15例)与气管导管组(导管组,15例).全麻后喉罩组放置ProSeal喉罩,导管组为气管插管.记录两组患者入室后5min(T0)、手术结束(T1)、呼唤睁眼(T2)、拔除导管或喉罩后即刻(T3)、拔除导管或喉罩后3min(T4)时的心率、收缩压、舒张压;记录全麻苏醒期使用降压药的例数,呛咳、烦躁及拔除导管或喉罩后咽痛、恶心、呕吐发生率.结果 喉罩组在T2点血压、心率[(140.2±8.7)mm Hg、(77.1±7.4)次/min]仅轻度增高,与T0[(134.8±12.6)mm Hg、(71.5±8.8)次/min]比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);但在T3点血压、心率[(143.3±8.5)mm Hg、(81.7±6.8)次/min]升高与T0比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).导管组在T2和T3时点,血压、心率[(146.5±13.5)mm Hg、(85.7±6.6)次/min和(151.4±11.7)mm Hg、(95.3±6.8)次/min]较T0[(132.1±12.1)mm Hg、(70.3±8.0)次/min]均明显增加(P＜0.05),在T3点达最高峰.在T2、T3时点,喉罩组的血压、心率增加程度明显小于导管组(P＜0.05).喉罩组患者苏醒时使用降压药、呛咳、咽痛的例数明显少于导管组(P＜0.05);而拔管后烦躁、恶心、呕吐等并发症发生率,两组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 老年乳腺癌根治术患者使用ProSeal喉罩,明显减少麻醉苏醒期并发症的发生,有利于老年患者的麻醉安全.     

老年人经腹腔镜和剖腹胆囊切除术对围手术期肺功能影响的比较

目的 比较经腹腔镜和剖腹胆囊切除术对老年人围术期肺功能的影响。方法 １２０例在全身麻醉下经腹腔镜和剖腹行胆囊切除术的老年患者分别为肺功能正常和异常组,术中监测肺功能多项指标,比较手术对肺功能的影响。结果 （１）腹腔镜肺功能正常组和异常组：ＣＯ２气腹后气末二氧化碳分压（ＰｅｔＣＯ２）、气道人压（Ｐｐｅａｋ）、气道平台压（Ｐｐｌａｔ）、动脉血二氧化碳分压（ＰａＣＯ２）均明显增高,分别上升１４．５％、４     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中吲哚菁绿胆道造影精准识别胆总管的应用

目的胆总管损伤是腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）中的常见并发症。采用吲哚菁绿（ICG）术中显影的方法精准识别胆总管,以期降低腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆总管损伤的发生率。方法纳入珠海市人民医院2021年4月—6月行LC患者68例,其中行常规LC患者56例,ICG胆道造影引导下LC患者12例。常规LC组患者用腹腔镜白光、ICG胆道造影组用近红外光检查胆总管、胆囊管和胆囊。采用倾向评分匹配法对两组术前数据进行平衡。采用t检验和χ²检验比较两组术中出血量、手术时间、术后住院时间及胆总管损伤发生率。结果胆道造影组术中出血量、手术时间、术后住院时间及并发症发生率分别为（3.1±0.9）mL,（20.2±1.6）min,（1.2±0.3）d和0;明显低于常规组的（10.8±2.3）mL,（48.3±5.1）min,（2.3±0.8）d和8.3%（t值分别为-22.709、-19.856、-19.507,χ²=1.287,P值均<0.05）。结论 ICG胆道造影是LC术中鉴别胆总管和胆囊管的有效方法,可有效预防胆总管的损伤。该方法胆道辨识度更高、起效时间长、可重复使...     

ProSeal laryngeal mask airway and endotracheal tube in elderly hypertensive patients undergoing routine surgical procedures: A comparison of hemodynamic parameters

Background/PurposeThe effects of ProSeal laryngeal mask airway (PLMA) removal and tracheal extubation on cardiovascular responses were studied in elderly hypertensive patients in a randomized double-blind study.MethodsA total of 60 elderly hypertensive American Society of Anesthesiologists I–II patients were randomly allocated to two groups (n = 30 of each) for PLMA insertion or endotracheal intubation. A standardized anesthetic sequence was used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia. The two groups were then compared for pressor response at the time of extubation/PLMA removal.ResultsIn PLMA group, heart rate and rate pressure product increased during PLMA removal but remained elevated for only 3 minutes while mean arterial pressure remained elevated for only 2 minutes. The elevations of heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and rate pressure product were exaggerated in the extubation group and persisted for more than 5 minutes. No complication was observed in any patient and no difficulty was encountered in insertion of PLMA in any patient.ConclusionElderly hypertensive patients are at risk of exaggerated pressor response at the time of extubation. PLMA removal is associated with fewer hemodynamic changes than tracheal extubation and should be preferred wherever possible.