依普拉芬对大鼠成骨细胞增殖分化及一氧化氮合成的影响

目的研究依普拉芬对新生大鼠颅盖骨成骨细胞增殖分化以及一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)合成的影响。方法体外分离培养新生大鼠颅盖骨成骨细胞,将不同浓度的依普拉芬加入培养液,测定细胞增殖情况、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性及钙化结节以及培养基中NO浓度。结果与阴性对照组相比,依普拉芬可增加成骨细胞数量(P<0.01),提高细胞的ALP活性和促进钙化结节形成,增加培养液中NO浓度(P<0.01)。其中,依普拉芬浓度在10~8~10~5mol/L之间作用最为显著。结论一定浓度的依普拉芬可以促进体外培养成骨细胞的增殖、分化的作用,这种作用可能是通过增加细胞内NO合成进行调控的。     

橘红素对大鼠成骨细胞增殖、分化和成骨功能的影响

目的 研究橘红素(TG)对体外培养大鼠成骨细胞增殖、分化、矿化和成骨功能指标基因蛋白表达的影响。方法 选取出生24 h内的SD大鼠乳鼠颅骨，通过酶消化法培养原代成骨细胞，倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态和状态，并以碱性磷酸酶(ALP)染色和茜素红(ARS)染色法进行细胞鉴定；分别采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法、ALP染色法、ARS染色法检测TG对原代成骨细胞的存活率、评价成骨细胞分化能力和矿化能力的影响；采用Western印迹检测TG对原代成骨细胞成骨相关转录因子(OSX)、ALP、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白(CollagenⅠ)和骨桥蛋白(OPN)等成骨功能指标基因的蛋白表达。结果 与Control组相比，TG作用浓度为5、10、15、20μmol/L时可明显促进成骨细胞的增殖(P<0.01);TG共培养7 d后，与Control组比较，TG作用浓度为5、10、15、20μmol/L时ALP染色明显增加，说明TG能明显促进成骨细胞分化(P<0.05);TG共培养21 d后，与Control组比较，TG浓度为5、10、15、20μmol/L时ARS染色明显增加，说明TG能明显促进成骨细胞的矿化功能(P&...     

脱氢表雄酮通过丝裂活化蛋白激酶途径促进成骨细胞增殖的研究

目的研究脱氢表雄酮(DHEA)促进成骨细胞增殖的作用和机制。方法取新生2～4d的BALB/c小鼠颅骨,用酶消化法进行成骨细胞原代培养,以细胞形态学和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)染色鉴定。取传1代成骨细胞给予不同浓度DHEA,在不同培养时间后,应用光镜、电镜、四唑盐(MTT)法及流式细胞术(FCM)检测细胞的生长和增殖;同时用免疫印迹法检测磷酸化细胞外信号调控激酶(p44/42)的表达。结果10-8～10-6mol/L的DHEA可明显促进小鼠成骨细胞的生长和增殖,经10-7mol/LDHEA处理3d后的细胞,增殖指数明显增加(P<001);在10-9～10-6mol/L浓度范围内,DHEA能明显提高p44/42的表达,以10-8mol/L浓度的作用最佳(P<001),该作用可被U0126阻断。结论DHEA能够促进小鼠成骨细胞生长和增殖,其作用与激活丝裂活化蛋白激酶信号途径有关。     

铁调素对人成骨细胞增殖、凋亡、钙化功能的影响

目的 探讨铁调素(Hepcidin)对人成骨细胞hFOB1.19的增殖、凋亡和钙化等成骨功能指标的影响.方法 取购自中国科学院上海细胞库的人成骨细胞hFOB1.19细胞株进行体外实验:分为空白对照组、100 nmol/L铁调素组、200 nmol/L铁调素组.采用四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法(MTT)观察铁调素作用48 h对成骨细胞的增殖的影响,Annexin V/PI染色和流式细胞仪检测铁调素作用48 h对成骨细胞凋亡变化的影响,von Kossa 钙化染色法检测铁调素作用15 d对成骨细胞矿化能力的影响.结果 MTT显示铁调素干预对成骨细胞的增殖与空白对照组相比无明显变化(P>0.05),在实验剂量范围内,铁调素对成骨细胞具有显著的抗凋亡作用(P<0.01),钙结节的产生数量可随铁调素剂量增加而增加(P<0.01).结论 铁调素对成骨细胞的增殖无明显影响,但可显著降低成骨细胞hFOB1.19的凋亡率,增强成骨细胞的钙化功能.     

脱氢表雄酮对离体大鼠成骨细胞的影响

目的探讨脱氢表雄酮(DHEA)对离体大鼠成骨细胞的影响。方法体外分离培养大鼠成骨细胞,取传一代细胞,分别给予10-5、10-7、10-9mmol/L DHEA培养72h,以10-8mmol/L雌二醇(E2)为阳性对照,另设空白对照组。碱性磷酸酶(ALP)染色鉴定成骨细胞,MTT法检测成骨细胞的增殖能力,PNPP法测定ALP活性。行矿化结节染色,低倍镜下测量矿化结节面积并计算面积比,观察DHEA对矿化能力的影响。结果和空白对照组相比,不同浓度DHEA组成骨细胞增殖能力均有上升,其中以10-7mmol/L DHEA组最显著(P<0.01),其作用和E2相似(P>0.05);不同浓度DHEA组ALP的活性均升高,亦以10-7mmol/L DHEA组最显著(P<0.01),10-7、10-9mmol/L DHEA的作用和E2相似(P>0.05);10-9mmol/L DHEA组单位细胞数的ALP活性高于空白对照组(P>0.05)。不同浓度DHEA组矿化面积及矿化面积比均有显著增加(P<0.01),其作用和E2相似。结论DHEA在体外促进大鼠成骨细胞生长和增殖,提高ALP活性,并促进骨矿化物质在骨内沉积。     

氧化应激在铁抑制成骨细胞活性中的作用

目的观察高铁环境下,小鼠原代成骨细胞活性及活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)的改变。方法提取新生ICR小鼠颅骨原代成骨细胞,分化提纯传代后分为两组:对照组(Con)及高铁组(Fe),高铁组采用枸橼酸铁铵(ferric ammonium citrate,FAC)干预,对照组以等容量0.9%氯化钠注射液。3 d后各组进行碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)染色,并以二氯二氢荧光素-乙酰乙酸酯探针检测细胞内ROS水平,Q-PCR检测两组细胞成骨相关基因(Runx2)表达差异,21 d后采用茜素红染色观察两组骨体外矿化水平差异。结果与对照组相比,高铁组ALP染色明显较浅,ALP蓝染细胞数少;PCR结果显示:高铁组Runx2基因表达水平仅为对照组0.35倍,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);ROS水平:镜下可见高铁组ROS荧光数较对照组更多,更亮;茜素红钙结节染色:大体观察,对照组茜素红染色较高铁组更红,钙结节数量更多。结论铁可能通过上调ROS水平,进而抑制成骨细胞活性。     

Ⅰ型胶原酶阶段消化法体外培养、纯化及鉴定大鼠成骨细胞

目的建立科学有效的大鼠成骨细胞体外培养模式,建立成熟合理的体外培养大鼠成骨细胞鉴定程序。方法采用I型胶原酶阶段消化法来消化新生大鼠乳鼠颅骨,来获得成骨细胞进行体外培养、扩增和鉴定。通过绘制成骨细胞生长曲线,倒置相差显微镜进行细胞形态学观察,基质钙结节形成观察;进行钙-钴法碱性磷酸酶(ALP)染色;I型胶原免疫组化染色来观察、鉴定大鼠成骨细胞。结果Ⅰ型胶原酶改良阶段消化法获得的大鼠成骨细胞纯度较高,增殖较快;ALP染色可见体外培养成骨细胞胞浆内棕褐色阳性颗粒;免疫组化法检测I型胶原可见成骨细胞胞浆呈棕黄色阳性着色,显微镜计数阳性细胞比例为87.3%;体外培养超过3w的成骨细胞可见基质钙结节形成。结论Ⅰ型胶原酶阶段消化法原代培养大鼠成骨细胞是一种科学有效的成骨细胞原代培养方法。     

Preptin对人成骨细胞增殖和分化的影响及机制研究

目的 探讨preptin对人成骨细胞增殖和分化的影响及其信号途径.方法 体外培养人成骨细胞,用10-10、10-9、10-8和10-7mol/L preptin干预24 h,以[3H]脱氧胸腺嘧啶苷掺入法分析细胞增殖,用分光光度计法测定细胞碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性判断细胞分化程度.Western印迹法检测细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)、p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)和c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)的磷酸化水平.并在preptin干预前以ERK抑制剂(PD98059)、p38 MAPK抑制剂(SB203580)和JNK抑制剂(SP600125)预处理,观察preptin诱导人成骨细胞增殖和分化的途径.结果 Preptin剂量依赖地增加人成骨细胞的增殖和ALP活性,10-9mol/L浓度时达最大效应(均P<0.01).Preptin刺激人成骨细胞ERK的磷酸化,对p38MAPK和JNK无作用.PD98059阻断preptin刺激的成骨细胞增殖及ALP活性增加(均P<0.05),而SP600125和SB203580无此效应.结论 Preptin通过ERK途径促进人成骨细胞的增殖和分化.     

3,3',5-碘-L-甲腺原氨酸对成骨细胞前体增殖和成骨分化的作用

目的观察不同浓度的3,3',5-碘-L-甲腺原氨酸(3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine,T3)对小鼠颅顶前成骨细胞亚克隆14(MC3T3-E1 subclone 14)细胞增殖及分化水平的作用.方法分别给予不同浓度T3干预细胞,培养1、2、3 d后采用CCK8法检测细胞增殖水平;在成骨分化诱导试剂干预7 d基础上,结合上述T3给药,通过碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)染色检测各浓度组成骨细胞分化水平,通过实时荧光定量PCR和免疫蛋白印迹(Western blot)法检测各浓度组的成骨细胞标记性基因及蛋白的表达差异.结果在分别干预1、2、3 d后,T3随着浓度增高,对细胞的增殖水平均呈明显上调;而且相同剂量的T3对于细胞增殖呈时间依赖性增强.此外,MC3T3-E1 Subclone 14细胞诱导7 d后,对比于0对照组,低浓度T3(1 nmol/L)对成骨细胞各分化参数均无明显作用,而10、100、1000 nmol/L的T3对细胞ALP染色,成骨细胞相关基因及蛋白均明显上调,其中以10和100 nmol/L组最为显著.结论T3对于MC3T3-E1 Subclone 14细胞的增殖和成骨细胞分化均有显著的促进作用.     

含骨碎补总黄酮血清对新生SD大鼠成骨细胞增殖、分化和矿化的影响

目的 探讨骨碎补总黄酮含药血清对新生SD大鼠成骨细胞增殖、分化、矿化的影响及其作用机制.方法 (1)骨碎补总黄酮含药血清的制备:选用12月龄雌性SD大鼠,药物灌胃,每日1次,连续12 d,末次灌药1.5 h后腹主动脉取血,分离血清备用.(2)实验模型的建立:采用二次酶消化法从新生SD大鼠颅骨获取成骨细胞,传代培养,取第3代成骨细胞为实验模型.(3)指标测定:①细胞增殖:用MTr法;②细胞分化:碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性(PNPP法);骨钙素含量(放射免疫分析法);③细胞矿化:采用茜素红染色法,在40倍光镜下计矿化结节.结果 骨碎补总黄酮含药血清可刺激体外培养新生SD大鼠成骨细胞增殖,促进成骨细胞合成分泌ALP,且能增加成骨细胞骨钙素的分泌,促进矿化结节的形成.结论 骨碎补总黄酮可促进成骨细胞的增殖、分化和矿化,从而促进骨形成.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

治疗高血压药物的经济学评价

重视高血压治疗中的经济学评价,对利用我国有限的卫生资源来遏制高血压对人民群众的危害有着重要的现实意义。药物经济学对于药物治疗的成本和治疗的结果给予同样的关注。因为治疗高血压的费用,不仅涉及药物价格,还包括患者的危险水平,降压疗效和对临床终点事件的影响,以及治疗的依从性和安全性。因此药物经济学更强调整体成本和价-效比。低危病人,若非药价低廉,治疗的价-效比不够理想。而在高危的患者,价-效比越小越经济而不是药费越便宜越好。