服用牛磺酸和训练对力竭运动大鼠红肌线粒体的保护作用

以大鼠力竭性运动为模型 ,观察了补充牛磺酸和运动训练对力竭运动后大鼠红肌线粒体脂质过氧化、抗氧化系统及总Ca2 +浓度的影响。结果显示 ,补充牛磺酸和 /或训练可降低大鼠力竭运动后红肌线粒体脂质过氧化水平 ,提高红肌线粒体超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)的活性 ,保持大鼠力竭运动后红肌线粒体还原性谷胱甘肽 (GSH)含量及总Ca2 +浓度。结果提示 ,补充牛磺酸和 /或训练可减少力竭运动后脂质过氧化反应 ,降低自由基对红肌线粒体的攻击 ,维持线粒体膜的功能 ,说明服用牛磺酸和 /或训练有保护红肌线粒体 ,防止线粒体功能损伤的作用     

力竭运动对大鼠心肌线粒体游离钙及磷脂酶A_2的影响

观察了大鼠力竭运动后心肌线粒体脂质过氧化水平、游离钙含量和磷服酶Ａ_２活性的变化，发现运动后即刻心肌线粒体脂质过氧化水平和磷脂酶Ａ_２活性显著升高，游离钙含量显著下降。结果提示力竭运动时心肌线粒体内源自由基的产生是心肌损伤和运动性疲劳的原因之一。     

牛磺酸对大鼠力竭运动时第二信使及心肌线粒体中钙离子含量变化的影响

以大鼠力竭运动为模型,研究了牛磺酸对心肌中环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)、环磷酸鸟苷(cGMP)水平和心肌线粒体钙离子含量的影响.结果发现:力竭运动可造成大鼠心肌中cAMP和cGMP水平显著升高,心肌线粒体Ca2+含量显著增加,造成心肌线粒体和心肌的损伤,而牛磺酸可显著抑制力竭运动后大鼠心肌中cAMP、cGMP的升高,抑制心肌线粒体的钙超载.结果提示:牛磺酸可显著抑制力竭运动后大鼠心肌第二信使水平的升高及心肌线粒体中钙超载现象,说明牛磺酸有减轻和防止力竭运动后心肌损伤的作用.     

牛磺酸对大鼠力喝运动时第二信使及心肌线粒体中钙离子含量变化的影响

以大鼠力竭运动为模型,研究了牛磺酸对心肌中环磷酸腺苷（ｃＡＭＰ）、环磷酸鸟普（ｃＧＭＰ）水平和心肌线粒体钙离子含量的影响。结果发现：力竭运动可造成大鼠心肌中ｃＡＭＰ和cＧＭＰ水平显著升高,心肌线粒体Ｃａ２＋含量显著增加,造成心肌线粒体和心肌的损伤,而牛磺酸可显著抑制力竭运动后大鼠心肌中ｃＡＭＰ、ＧＭＰ的升高,抑制心肌线粒体的钙超载。结果提示：牛磺酸可显著抑制力竭运动后大鼠心肌第二信使水平的升高及心肌线粒体中钙超载现象,说明牛磺酸有减轻和防止力竭运动后心肌损伤的作用。     

急性运动心肌缺氧时线粒体膜损伤的实验研究

目的 研究急性耗竭运动缺氧应激后心肌线粒体膜结构和功能的变化。方法 采用递增负荷耗竭性运动为急性缺氧应激源,观察SD大鼠急性运动至力竭后心肌线粒体超微结构、线粒体膜过氧化脂质含量和线粒体内膜NADH-CoQ还原酶活性变化。结果 心肌能量需求过高性映氧应激后大鼠心肌线粒体超微结构呈损伤性改变,线粒体膜过氧化脂质含量增高39．4％(P<0．05),线粒体内膜NADH-CoQ还原酶活性较安静时下降61．6％(P<0．05)。结论 急性运动心肌缺氧时线粒体膜结构及功能有明显改变。     

疲劳运动条件下对大鼠心肌线粒体膜结构的研究

本文以耗竭跑步和耗竭游泳的大鼠为急性运动实验模型,观察了其心肌线粒体膜的脂质过氧化水平,测定了其心肌线粒体膜的流动性及心肌组织和线粒体的钙含量。两种方式运动后心肌线粒体膜脂质过氧化水平显著高于安静组,心肌线粒体膜流动性也低于安静组。耗竭跑后心肌组织和心肌线粒体的钙含量均高于安静组。结果说明,极度疲劳运动后大鼠心肌线粒体有自由基伤害,心肌膜及线粒体膜离子通透性改变。     

银杏叶提取物对运动小鼠肝组织自由基代谢的影响

以小鼠的适量运动和力竭运动为模型,研究了银杏叶提取物（ＥＣｂ）对小鼠肝组织脂质过氧化、抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果发现：ＥＧｂ可降低适量运动和力竭运动后肝组织脂质过氧化水平,提高ＳＪＤ、ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性,降低ＭＤＡ含量。结果提示：ＥＧｂ可减少运动后因脂质过氧化而产生的内源性自由基对机体的损伤,具有提高小鼠运动能力及增强抗氧化酶活力的作用。     

束缚应激致大鼠心肌损伤的线粒体膜机制探讨

目的：观察束缚应激对大鼠心肌细胞线粒体膜生物学特性和功能的影响，探讨应激性心肌损伤的线粒体膜机制。方法：建立应激动物模型，分别束缚不同时间后处死所有大鼠，检测线粒体PTP开放程度、膜流动性的改变、膜脂质过氧化水平及线粒体呼吸功能变化。结果：束缚应激导致线粒体膜PTP开放、膜流动性降低、膜脂质过氧化生成增多及线粒体呼吸功能损害，且随着束缚时间增加，以上各项指标改变加剧。结论：束缚应激所致的线粒体膜损伤及其效应是应激性心肌损伤的重要机制。     

牛磺酸对大鼠急性运动后自由基代谢、膜流动性及钙转运变化的影响

５０只雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠（８０ １００ｇ）,随机分为对照组（Ｇ１）,急性运动组（Ｇ２）,急性运动＋牛磺酸组（Ｇ３）,力竭运动组（Ｇ４）,力竭运动＋牛磺酸组（Ｇ５）。牛磺酸补充方式为每日灌服１次（５００ｍｇ／ｋｇ）。喂养２周后,进行负重游泳,测定血液、线粒体和肌浆网各生化指标变化。结果显示“牛磺酸有增加大鼠游泳力竭时间的趋势（０．０５＜Ｐ＜０．１０）;运动后即刻,Ｇ３组ＢＵＮ明显低于Ｇ２组（ｐ＜０．０５）;Ｇ３组ＲＢＣ、血浆及心肌线粒体ＭＤＡ含量明显低于Ｇ２组（Ｐ＜０．０５）;Ｇ３组ＲＢＣ及心肌线粒体ＧＳＨ＿Ｐｘ活力明显高于Ｇ２组（Ｐ＜０．０５）;Ｇ３组心肌线粒体膜荧光偏振度Ｐ明显低于Ｇ２组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。Ｇ３组ＳＲＣａ２＋ ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性和摄钙率明显高于Ｇ２组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。力竭后２４小时,Ｇ５组ＲＢＣ、血浆及心肌线粒体ＭＤＡ含量明显低于Ｇ４组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。以上结果表明,牛磺酸可以通过抗自由基损伤,稳定生物膜和调节钙转运等途径对抗运动性疲劳。     

运动性疲劳的线粒体膜分子机制研究.Ⅰ.急性力竭运动中线粒体电子漏引起质子漏增加及其相互作用

以大鼠渐增负荷力竭性跑台跑为运动性疲劳模型，观察了运动后大鼠骨骼肌线粒体电子漏和质子漏的变化。测定线粒体超氧阴离子生成量和脂质过氧化水平。分别测定线粒体以苹果酸＋谷氨酸和以琥珀酸为底物的态4呼吸、态3呼吸、呼吸控制比及磷氧比。结果表明，运动性疲劳状态下大鼠骨骼肌线粒体超氧阴离子生成增加，脂质过氧化水平也显著增加；以苹果酸十谷氨酸或以琥珀酸为底物的态4呼吸速率明显加快，呼吸控制比、磷氧比显著下降。结果提示，力竭性运动后下大鼠骨骼肌线粒体电子漏导致线粒体质子漏增多，是运动性疲劳状态下线粒体氧化磷酸化偶联程度下降的重要因素。实验结果支持电子漏引起质子漏的假说。     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Die rechtsmedizinische Identifizierung — Bedeutung und Beweiswert —

Zusammenfassung Bei der rechtsmedizinischen Identifizierung kann die Identität im strengen Sinn allenfalls bei lebenden Personen festgestellt werden; sonst läßt sich nur von Teilen auf das Ganze (vom Untersuchungsobjekt auf die Person) schließen, wobei die verschiedenen Merkmale des Untersuchungsobjektes entsprechend der Hdufigkeit ihres Vorkommens eine unterschiedliche Beweiskraft haben. Bei der Schädelidentifizierung mit Hilfe moderner photographischer oder elektronischer Superprojektionsverfahren ergeben sich unter Berücksichtigung der Weichteildicken so viele (fiktive) Vergleichspunkte, daß bei geeignetem Vergleichsmaterial (Photographien) Identität wegen der Vielzahl übereinstimmender Bezugspunkte in den meisten Fällen evident ist.     

Imaging of abdominal nodal spread in malignant disease

This is a review of the role of imaging procedures for the assessment of abdominal and pelvic lymph nodes. The diagnosis of malignant lymphatic spread is rarely the sole purpose of imaging, because it is usually part of a general abdominal examination, most frequently with CT or US, or increasingly with MRI. These studies are often requested in order to obtain information about the situation to be encountered during surgery, or to alert the surgeon to irresectability or to unexpected metastases outside the initially planned area of exploration. In most surgically treated tumours the role of imaging for preoperative staging is limited, due either to its insufficient sensitivity or because the initial treatment is independent of the lymph node stage. Imaging is commonly used to verify treatment response to chemo- or radiotherapy and for follow-up.Correspondence to: S. Delorme