硫酸镁对大鼠海马神经元瞬间外向钾电流和延迟整流钾电流的抑制作用

目的研究硫酸镁(MgSO₄)对大鼠海马神经元瞬间外向钾电流(I_A)和延迟整流钾电流(I_K)的作用。方法 全细胞膜片钳技术。结果MgSO₄可浓度依赖地抑制I_A和I_K,半数抑制浓度IC₅₀分别为6.30和7.60 mmol·L^-1;此外还与电压呈依赖性关系,但不具有频率依赖性。6 mmol·L^-1 MgSO₄非常显著地影响I_A和I_K的激活过程,但不改变二者的斜率因子。另外6 mmol·L^-1 MgSO₄还非常显著地影响I_A的失活过程,但不改变其斜率因子。结论 MgSO₄抑制大鼠海马神经元的I_A和I_K,并改变I_A和I_K的激活过程和失活过程。这可能是其抗缺血缺氧引发的中枢神经系统损伤,具有神经保护作用的机制之一。     

雌激素对Kv2.1钾电流及大鼠海马神经元延迟整流钾电流的影响

目的研究17β-雌二醇对Kv2.1钾电流和原代培养大鼠海马神经元延迟整流钾电流的作用。方法采用HEK293-Kv2.1细胞培养、大鼠海马神经元原代培养和膜片钳全细胞记录技术。结果17β-雌二醇浓度依赖地抑制Kv2.1钾电流和原代培养大鼠海马神经元延迟整流钾电流(I_K)。17β-雌二醇抑制Kv2.1钾电流和原代培养大鼠海马神经元延迟整流钾电流的IC₅₀分别为2.4和4.0 μmol·L^-1。通道动力学研究发现，17β-雌二醇(3 μmol·L^-1)显著左移Kv2.1钾电流的稳态激活和失活曲线，但只显著左移海马神经元延迟整流钾电流稳态激活曲线，而不影响该电流的稳态失活曲线。结论17β-雌二醇抑制Kv2.1钾电流与抑制I_K的程度相近，17β-雌二醇抑制I_K的作用可能部分通过阻断Kv2.1钾电流而实现。     

低渗膨胀增加豚鼠胃窦环行肌细胞钙激活钾电流和延迟整流型钾电流

目的:观察低渗膨胀对豚鼠胃窦环行肌细胞钙激活钾电流和延迟整流型钾电流的影响。方法:采用传统全细胞膜片箱技术,对以胶原酶急性分离的单细胞进行低渗灌流,观察钾电流的变化。结果:低渗 灌流液(200 Osmmol/kg)可增加钙激活钾电流和延迟整流型钾电流,钙激活钾电流的增加可被四乙基胺4mmol·L~(-1)和Charybdotoxin 200nmol·L~(-1)完全抑制;延迟整流型钾电流的增加可被四乙基胺4mmol·L~(-1)部分抑制,可被4-氨基吡啶10mmol·L~(-1)完全抑制。两种钾电流的增加幅度无显著性差异(P>0.05)。钙激活钾电流在施加低渗灌流(17.0±4.8)s后增加;延迟整流型钾电流在(30.7±13.7)s后增加,两者的潜伏期存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:低渗膨胀可增加钙激活钾电流和延迟整流型钾电流,这种增加效应可能与细胞容积调节有关。     

未成年人心房肌细胞瞬间外向钾电流和内向整流钾电流的特性(英文)

目的:研究未成年人心房肌细胞瞬间外向钾电流(I_(to))和内向整流钾电流(I_(Kl))的特性。方法:膜片箝全细胞技术。结果:I_(to)是电压依赖性电流,快速激活,快速失活,被I_(to)的选择性阻断剂4-AP阻断。IC_(50)=0.64mmol·L~(-1)。4-AP1mmol·L~(-1)使I_(to)的半数激活电位增加;4-AP0.3mmol·L~(-1)使I_(to)的半数失活电位减少,对激活曲线没有明显影响并使I_(to)的恢复时间延长。I_(Kl)也表现出电压依赖的特性,其反转电位在-40mV。结论:在未成年人心房肌细胞上,I_(to)和I_(Kl)是两种重要的K~ 通道电流。4-AP0.3mmol·L~(-1)时对I_(to)的失活和失活后的恢复有明显影响,1mmol·L~(-1)时影响I_(to)的激活。     

阿米洛利对豚鼠心肌细胞钾电流及钙电流的作用

目的研究阿米洛利（amiloride）对豚鼠心肌细胞钾电流及钙电流的作用。方法采用全细胞膜片钳技术记录豚鼠心室肌细胞钾通道及钙通道电流。结果阿米洛利在10~100 μmol·L^-1抑制L型及T型钙电流,不改变钙电流I-V曲线的形状，仅抑制这两型电流的幅度。当累积浓度达100 μmol·L^-1时，阿米洛利轻微抑制快激活延迟整流钾电流(I_Kr)，对慢激活延迟整流钾电流(I_Ks)无影响。阿米洛利在1~100 μmol·L^-1浓度依赖性地抑制内向整流钾电流(I_K1)。结论阿米洛利抑制电压依赖性的钾、钙电流，为其抗心律失常作用提供了离子基础。     

他克林对培养大鼠海马神经元延迟整流钾电流和瞬间外向钾电流的影响

目的研究他克林对培养大鼠海马神经元上延迟整流钾电流(I_K)和瞬间外向钾电流(I_A)的影响。方法 大鼠海马神经元原代培养,全细胞膜片钳记录培养大鼠海马神经元上电压依赖性外向钾电流和瞬间外向钾电流变化。结果他克林明显抑制海马神经元延迟整流钾电流和瞬间外向钾电流,呈浓度依赖性,对延迟整流钾电流的敏感性高于瞬间外向钾电流。30 μmol·L^-1他克林显著影响I_K和I_A稳态激活曲线,使所有电流的V_1/2左移。结论他克林明显抑制延迟整流钾电流和瞬间外向钾电流,对延迟整流钾电流的敏感性高于瞬间外向钾电流。     

充血性心衰病人心房肌细胞瞬间外向钾电流和超快速延迟整流钾电流的特征

AIM: To study the properties of transient outward K+ current (Ito) and ultra-rapid delayed rectifier K+ current (IKur) in isolated human atrial myocytes from patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). METHODS: Single cells were isolated from CHF patients with collagenase and protease. Ito and IKur were recorded using whole cell patch-clamp technique. RESULTS: The activation and inactivation of I(to) were voltage-dependent and time-dependent. The half-activation and half-inactivation voltage were (15 +/- 12) mV and (-45 +/- 4) mV respectively. When membrane potential went up from -40 mV to +60 mV, the activation time constant means decreased from (6.9 +/- 2.3) ms to (1.40 +/- 0.20) ms, while the inactivation time constant means decreased from (69 +/- 17) ms to (21 +/- 14) ms. Otherwise, the mean reactivation time constants was (125 +/- 65) ms when the membrane potential was held at -80 mV, but the recovery was not complete during the interval observed. Ito showed less frequency-dependent reduction at test frequency between 0.2-2 Hz. Compared with Ito, the activation of IKur only showed voltage-dependence, without time-dependence. Its mean current densities was (3.4 +/- 0.7) pA/pF when test potential was +60 mV. The half activation voltage of IKur was (23 +/- 14) mV. No clear frequency-dependence was observed at the same frequency range of Ito either. CONCLUSION: I(to) and IKur are important outward potassium channel currents in isolated human atrial myocytes from CHF patients and they have different kinetic properties.     

充血性心衰病人心房肌细胞瞬间外向钾电流和超快延迟整流钾电流的特征

目的:研究充血性心衰病人心房肌细胞瞬间外向钾电流(I_(to))和超快延迟整流钾电流(I_(Kur))的特征.方法:全细胞膜片箝技术.结果:心衰病人心房肌细胞上的I_(to)的激活和失活具有电压依赖性及时间依赖性.其半数最大激活电位(V_(1/2))和半数最大失活电位(V_(1/2))分别为(15±12)mV和(-45±4)mV.当膜电位从-40mV升至 60mV时,激活时间常数均值从(6.9±2.3)ms降至(1.40±0.20)ms,失活时间常数均值从(69±17)ms降至(21±14)ms,两者均随着膜电位的增加而减小.此外,该通道从失活状态下的恢复也很快.当保持电位为-80mV时,其恢复时间常数为(125±65)ms,但在此条件下通道的恢复不完全.当测试脉冲频率为0.2-2 Hz时,此通道电流未表现出明显的频率依赖性.与I_(to)相比,I_(Kur)的激活只具有电压依赖性但无时间依赖性.当测试电位为 60mV时,其电流密度平均为(3.4±0.7)pA/pF.半数最大激活电位(V_(1/2))为(23±14)mV.在测试脉冲频率为0.2-2Hz的范围内,通道电流也无明显的频率依赖性.结论:I_(to)和I_(Kur)是充血性心衰病人心房肌细胞上主要的外向电流,其大小和动力学特征可显著地影响心房肌细胞的电生理特性.     

辣椒素对培养的大鼠三叉神经节神经元瞬时外向钾电流和延迟整流钾电流的影响

目的探讨辣椒素(capsaicin)对大鼠三叉神经节神经元瞬时外向钾电流(I_A)和延迟整流钾电流(I_K)的不同影响。方法采用全细胞膜片钳方法。结果对于辣椒素敏感神经元，辣椒素可选择性、剂量依赖性地抑制其I_A电流，但辣椒素对I_K无明显选择性作用；对于辣椒素不敏感神经元，辣椒素对I_A和I_K均无作用，且对I_A和_IK激活动力学亦无影响。结论辣椒素可选择性抑制对其敏感的三叉神经节神经元I_A，这可能是初次应用辣椒素时其致痛作用的原因之一。     

妥卡尼对豚鼠心室肌细胞钙电流和钾电流的抑制作用

利用酶分散的成年豚鼠心室肌细胞和全细胞电压钳技术,研究了妥卡尼(tocainide)对心室肌细胞钙电流(I_ca)、延迟整流钾电流(I_k)和ATP敏感性钾电流(Ik,ATP)的作用。结果表明,妥卡尼对I_ca和I_k均显示浓度相关的抑制作用,妥卡尼50umol·L^-1对I_ca和I_k的抑制率分别为16%和3%。这可能是妥卡尼有效抑制室上性心动过速和缩短心肌动作电位平台期的重要机制。     

RP58866对哺乳动物心室肌细胞跨膜钾电流的作用

AIM: To determine effects of RP58866 on inward rectifier K+ current (IKl), transient outward K+ current (Ito) and delayed outward rectifier K+ current (IK) in isolated cardiac myocytes. METHODS: In isolated ventricular myocytes of guinea pig and dog, the effect of RP58866 on IKl, Ito, and IK were observed by the whole cell voltage-clamp technique. RESULTS: RP58866 decreased IKl in a concentration-dependent manner, with an IC50 of (3.4 +/- 0.8) micromol.L-1 (n = 6) at -100 mV in guinea pig ventricular cells. In dog ventricular myocytes, RP58866 inhibited Ito with IC50 of (2.3 +/- 0.5) micromol.L-1 at +40 mV. In guinea pig ventricular cells, RP58866 at 100 micromol.L-1 decreased IK: IKstep by (58 +/- 13)% at +40 mV, and IKtail by (86 +/- 17)%, respectively. RP58866 inhibited IKstep with an IC50 of (7.5 +/- 0.8) micromol.L-1, and IKtail with an IC50 of (3.5 +/- 0.9) micromol.L-1. The envelope of tail analysis suggested that both IKr and IKs were inhibited. CONCLUSION: RP58866 inhibits IKl, Ito, and IK in cardiac myocytes with a similar potency, and is not a specific IKl inhibitor.     

人心房肌细胞瞬间外向钾电流的特性

目的：研究人的心房肌细胞瞬间外向钾电流（Ｉｔｏ）的特性。方法：采用膜片箝全细胞记录法观察人心房肌通道电流的变化，在用ＣｄＣｌ２ ０．１ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ＾－１心房肌通道电流的变化，在用ＣｄＣｌ２ ０．１ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ＾－１阻断钙电流的情况下，细胞膜去极化引出瞬间外向钾电流（Ｉｔｏ）。结果：Ｉｔｏ为电压依赖的电流，迅速激活，迅速失活，４－ＡＰ（４－氨基吡啶）１０ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ＾－１（选择性的Ｉｔｏ的阻断剂）能     

丙咪嗪对大鼠心室细胞瞬间外向钾电流的抑制作用

目的：研究丙咪嗪大鼠心室细胞瞬间外向钾电流（Ｉｗ）的抑制作用,方法：膜片箝全细胞记录法。结果：丙咪嗪对Ｉｔｏ有浓度依赖性抑制作用,ＩＣ５０为６．０μｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１并明显加速该电流的灭活里程,在不同的测试电位下,丙咪嗪对该电流的抑制百分率没有差别,丙咪嗪对Ｉｔｏ的稳态激活和灭活苗曲线的半数膜电位都无明显影响,对Ｉｔｏ灭活后的再复活时程有延长趋势,但不显（τｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ＝３７±１１ｍｓ,τｄｒｕ     

胍丁胺对大鼠心室肌细胞L—钙通道电流的影响

目的:观察胍丁胺(Agm)对大鼠心室肌细胞L-型钙通道电流(I_(Ca-L))的影响.方法:以酶解法制备单个心室肌细胞.应用全细胞膜片箝技术记录大鼠单个心室肌细胞钙通道电流.结果:(1)Agm(0.5,1,2mmol/L)可浓度依赖性地降低电压依赖性激活I_(Ca-L)(pA)峰值,其值从1451±236 (对照组)到937±105(n=8,P<0.05),585±74(n=8,P<0.01),和301±156(n=8,P<0.01).(2)Agm 1 mmol/L使用依赖性地阻滞I_(Ca-L)·1 Hz时抑制率为53％±12％(P<0.05),3Hz时为69％±11％(P<0.01).(3)Agm使I-V曲线上移,但对I_(Ca-L)的电压依赖特征、最大激活电压以及I_(Ca-L)稳态激活无明显影响.在Agm 1 mmol/L作用下,半数激活电压(V_(0.5)和斜率参数(k)与对照组相比均无显著性差异.V_(0.5)分别为(-20.2±2.5)mV和(-20.5±2.7)mV,k分别为(3.2±0.4)mV和(3.0±0.5)mV.(4)Agm 1 mmol/L可明显使钙电流稳态失活曲线左移,加速钙通道电压依赖性稳态失活.V_(0.5)分别为(-32±6)mV和(-40±5)mV,k分别为(7.6±O.9)mV和(12.5±1.1)mV(P<0.05).(5)Agm 1mmol/L还使I_(Ca)从失活状态下恢复明显减慢.结论:Agm抑制I_(Ca-L),并主要作用于L-型钙通道的失活状态,表现为钙通道失活加速和从失活状态下恢复减慢.     

Inhibitory effects of dauricine on potassium currents in guinea pig ventricular myocytes

AIM: To study the effects of dauricine(Dau) on the rapidly activating component (IKr), the slowly activating component (IKs) of the delayed rectifier potassium current, and the inward rectifier potassium current (IKl) in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. METHODS: Single myocytes were dissociated by enzymatic dissociation method. The currents were recorded with the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique. RESULTS: (1) Dau 1, 3, 10, 30, and 100 mumol.L-1 blocked IKr and tail current (IKr-tail) in a concentration-dependent manner. The IC50 for block of IKr-tail was 16 (95% confidence limits: 13-22) mumol.L-1. The time constant of IKr-tail deactivation was (140 +/- 38) ms in the control and (130 +/- 26) ms in the presence of Dau 30 mumol.L-1 (n = 6 cells from 3 animals, P > 0.05). (2) Dau 1-100 mumol.L-1 produced concentration-dependent blocks of IKs and tail current (IKs-tail). The IC50 value for block of IKs-tail was 33 (95% confidence limits: 24-46) mumol.L-1. The time constant of IKs-tail deactivation was (92 +/- 18) ms in the control and (84 +/- 16) ms in the presence of Dau 30 mumol.L-1 (n = 8 cells from 4 animals, P > 0.05). (3) Addition of Dau 30 mumol.L-1 induced block of IKs and IKs-tail (n = 7 cells from 3 animals). The degree of block of IKs and IKs-tail depended on test potentials, increasing with more positive depolarizations. (4) Dau 20 mumol.L-1 blocked mainly inward component of IKl and reduced the reversal potential from -72 mV (control) to -78 mV (n = 6 cells from 3 animals). CONCLUSION: (1) Dau inhibited IKs, but not the process of IKs deactivation. (2) Dau blocked IKr, but not the process of deactivation. (3) Dau had a blocking effect on IKl.     

Raloxifene inhibits transient outward and ultra-rapid delayed rectifier potassium currents in human atrial myocytes

The selective estrogen receptor modulator raloxifene is widely used in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, and has cardioprotective properties. However, effects of raloxifene on cardiac ion channels are unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of raloxifene and beta-estradiol on transient outward and ultra-rapid delayed rectifier potassium currents (Ito1 and IKur) in human atrial myocytes with a whole cell patch-clamp technique. Ito1 was inhibited by raloxifene in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 0.9 microM. Raloxifene at 1 microM decreased Ito1 by 40.2+/-1.9% (at +50 mV, n=14, P<0.01 vs control). Time-dependent recovery from inactivation was slowed, and time to peak and time-dependent inactivation of Ito1 were significantly accelerated, while steady-state voltage dependent activation and inactivation of Ito1 were not affected by raloxifene. In addition, raloxifene remarkably suppressed IKur (IC50=0.7 microM). Raloxifene at 1 microM decreased IKur by 57.3+/-3.3% (at +50 mV, n=10, P<0.01 vs control). However, beta-estradiol inhibited Ito1 (IC50=10.3 microM) without affecting IKur. The inhibitory effects of raloxifene and beta-estradiol on Ito1 and/or IKur were unaffected by the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780. Our results indicate that raloxifene directly inhibits the human atrial repolarization potassium currents Ito1 and IKur. Whether raloxifene is beneficial for supraventricular arrhythmias remains to be studied.     

N-甲基小檗胺对人心房肌细胞瞬时外向钾电流和延迟整流钾电流的作用(英文)

目的　动物实验表明N 甲基小檗胺 (NMB)通过抑制豚鼠心室肌细胞ATP敏感性钾电流和钙电流来发挥抗心律失常和抗心肌缺血作用 ,故进一步研究NMB对人心肌细胞电流的作用。方法　膜片钳制技术全细胞记录模式研究NMB对人心房肌细胞瞬时外向钾电流 (Ito)和延迟整流钾电流 (IK)的作用。结果　指令电位为 +60mV时 ,NMB 0 .1 ,1 ,1 0 μmol·L-1 分别使Ito幅值下降 (1 6± 4) % ,(2 5±4) %和 (49± 3) % ,使IK 幅值下降 (42± 6) % ,(47±7) %和(65± 3) %。结论　NMB对人心房肌细胞Ito和IK 均有抑制作用。     

酚妥拉明对豚鼠心室肌细胞L型钙电流及ATP敏感钾电流的抑制作用

目的：研究酚妥拉明对豚鼠凡肌细胞Ｌ－型钙电流及ＡＴＰ敏感钾电流的作用。方法：用膜片钳的全细胞记录方式观察钙电流和ＡＴＰ敏感钾电流。结果：酚妥拉明５，２５和１００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ＾－１对钙电流呈浓度依赖性和非电压依赖性的抑制作用，抑制率分别为１７％，２３％和３０％，而对电流－电压关系没有影响。这一抑制作用与酚妥拉明对α１和α２受体的作用无关。酚妥拉明１００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ＾－１可显著抑制ＤＮＰ诱导产生的ＡＴ