腰椎关节突关节角不对称与椎间盘突出的相关性

1967年,Farfan等[1]就提出了腰椎小关节不对称的概念,即一侧关节突关节角增大(向冠状位倾斜),迄今为止,人们对腰关节突角不对称和椎间盘突出的关系尚未达成共识[2～5]。作者自2004年3月至2005年12月测量了352例腰椎间盘突出患者(测量组)456个突出椎间盘和40例L3～S1120个正常椎间盘CT图像的两侧关节突关节角差,现总结报道如下。1资料方法1.1一般资料(1)测量组:椎间盘突出352例,男180例,女172例;年龄25～53岁,平均41岁;椎间盘突出456个;腰痛352例,直腿抬高试验阳性126例,小腿疼痛73例,大腿疼痛65例,足趾麻木56例,臀部疼痛51例。根据《临床…     

关节突关节形态与退变性腰椎滑脱的关系

目的 探讨关节突关节形态与退变性腰椎滑脱的方法。方法 首先对41例60岁以下（平均年龄55岁）有L4－5退变性滑脱的患者和32例（平均年龄53岁）正常人进行对照检查。用CT轴向扫描关节突关节，测量L3－4，L4－5，L5－S1关节突关节的角度，关节横向，关节面的深度和观察关节面形态。第二部分研究分别测量40例40岁以下和40例60岁以肯要痛患者的关节突关节角度，观察其关节。结果 退变笥滑脱患者与对照组相比，L4－5节段关节角度方向明显偏向矢状面，关节角度不对称和关节面深度比也有显著差异。第二部分2组下腰痛患者的关节突关节角度无统计学差异。结论 60岁以下的退变性腰椎滑脱患者存在着关节突关节形态异常，L4－5节段关节或矢状排列和／或同时伴有关节角不对称是腰椎早期滑脱的危险因素。     

腰椎关节突关节不对称与腰椎椎间盘术后症状复发的关系

本文对１９３例腰椎椎间盘术后有／无症状复发进行自身前后的ＣＴ比较,结果发现,在腰椎椎间盘术后有症状复发的６３例中,有腰椎关节突出关节不对称者４８例,占７６．２％;而腰椎关节突关节对称者腰椎椎间盘术后症状复发１５例,占２３．８％,腰椎关节突出关节不对称引起腰椎椎间盘术后症状复发明显高于对称者（ｘ＾２＝１０１．０６,Ｐ〈０．００５）。结果提示：腰椎关节突关节不对称与腰椎椎间盘术后症状复发有显著关系,故     

关节突关节不对称与腰椎间盘突出位置的关系

目的:评估关节突关节不对称与腰椎间盘突出的关系。方法:96例单节段腰椎间盘突出患者,用CT测量关节突关节形态,与没有椎间盘突出的自身临近节段对照,比较两者之间的相关性。同时观察腰椎间盘突出位置与关节突关节方向的关系。结果:椎间盘突出在L4/5节段是56个(58.33%),在L5/S1节段是40个(41.66%)。59例突向左侧(61.46%),37例突出右侧(38.54%)。L4/5椎间盘突出节段存在关节不对称的为8/56,对照节段存在关节不对称的为2/40(P>0.05),L5/S1椎间盘突出节段存在关节不对称的为12/40,对照节段为4/56(P>0.05)。关节突关节不对称与腰椎间盘突出总体存在相关性(P<0.01)。关节突关节不对称与腰椎间盘突出在L5/S1节段存在相关(P<0.05),而在L4/5节段无相关(P>0.05)。腰椎间盘突出在哪一侧与关节突关节角度形态无关(P>0.05)。结论:关节突关节不对称与腰椎间盘突出存在相关,但突出的位置与关节角度无关。     

腰腿痛患者关节突关节不对称与椎间盘退变和突出的关系

目的：研究腰腿痛患者关节突关节不对称与椎间盘退变和突出的关系。方法：通过151例腰腿痛患者CT片观察椎间盘突出状况和测定关节突关节角度,其中73例患者还做了MRI检查,了解关节突关节不对称与椎间盘退变的关系。结果：关节突关节不对称与椎间盘退变和突出有关,而椎间盘突出方向与关节面的偏向无关。结论：关节突关节不对称增加了椎间盘退变和突出的危险性。     

关节突关节在腰椎失稳中作用的研究进展

<正>历来不乏关于腰椎失稳的研究,目前被多数学者所认同并应用于临床的"腰椎失稳"定义是由Stokes和Frymoyer于1987年提出的:脊柱运动节段(function spinal unit,FSU)的刚度下降,生理载荷下脊柱运动节段的位移超出正常生理范围,以致出现脊柱畸形、神经症状和不能忍受的疼痛。生物力学试验证明,腰椎运动节段正常解剖结构的改变将导致腰椎节段性失稳。本文对     

腰椎小关节不对称与小关节综合征关系CT研究

目的：本文对84例临床诊断为腰椎小关节综合征病例的临床、CT资料进行了回顾性分析。CT能够清晰地显示椎小关节增生肥大、骨赘形成、关节间隙狭窄、关节对合不良、关节面改变、关节面倾角异常等椎小关节病变,特别能发现小关节的不对称现象及其并存症;探讨了腰椎小关节综合征与小关节不对称的相关机理,提出小关节不对称是引起本征的重要原因之一。CT对小关节不对称发现及本征的诊断和临床治疗具有重要价值。     

腰椎滑脱患者关节突关节形态的评价

目的 文章探讨关节突关节形态对腰椎滑脱的影响。方法 L4－5节段退变性滑脱25例（均年龄55岁），后滑脱12例（均年龄53岁）和峡部裂滑脱11例（均年龄44岁）与32例（均年龄47岁）正常人进行对照检查，CT轴向扫描关节突关节，测量L3－4，L－4，5L5－S1关节突关节角度，关节宽度，的深度和关节面形态。结果 由上向下关节角度逐步从矢状向冠状转化。在L4－5节段退变性滑脱患者关节角度方向与对照组相比明显偏向矢状（P＜0．01），退变性滑脱组和后滑脱组的关节宽度均大于对照组（P＜0．01），退变性滑脱组的关节面深度比有显著差异，峡部裂滑脱组的唯一差异是关节宽度显著减少（P＜0．01）。结论 结果提示关节突变状排列可能是生长过程中形成的，某些患者发生腰椎退变性时可能会出现滑脱。     

腰椎小关节不对称与椎间盘及小关节退变的关系

背景：腰椎小关节不对称与椎间盘退变程度之间的关系一直存在争议,并且国内在下腰痛患者中对小关节不对称与小关节退变程度之间关系的研究较少.目的：调查分析腰椎小关节不对称在腰椎间盘退变与小关节退变过程中的作用.方法：测量312例下腰痛患者共936个脊柱功能单位的小关节角度差值,差值〈7°定义为小关节对称,差值≥7°定义为小关节不对称.对936个脊柱节段的椎间盘退变程度及小关节退变程度进行分级.结果与结论：①小关节是否对称在年龄及性别上差异无显著性（P 〉 0.05）.②小关节不对称与椎间盘退变程度之间无显著关联（P 〉 0.05）.③在L4～L5节段小关节不对称组比小关节对称组的小关节退变程度更重（P 〈 0.01）.提示小关节不对称与椎间盘退变无明显影响,但在腰椎活动度最大的L4～L5节段,小关节不对称可能会引起小关节的退变.     

腰椎滑脱患者关节突关节形态的评价

目的文章探讨关节突关节形态对腰椎滑脱的影响。方法L4～5节段退变性滑脱25例(均年龄55岁)、后滑脱12例(均年龄53岁)和峡部裂滑脱11例(均年龄44岁)与32例(均年龄47岁)正常人进行对照检查。CT轴向扫描关节突关节,测量L3～4、L4～5、L5～S1关节突关节角度、关节宽度、关节面的深度和关节面形态。结果由上向下关节角度逐步从矢状向冠状转化。在L4～5节段退变性滑脱患者关节角度方向与对照组相比明显偏向矢状(P<0.01),退变性滑脱组和后滑脱组的关节宽度均大于对照组(P<0.01),退变性滑脱组的关节面深度比也有显著差异。峡部裂滑脱组的唯一差异是关节宽度显著减少(P<0.01)。结论结果提示关节突关节矢状排列可能是生长过程中形成的,某些患者发生腰椎退变时可能会出现滑脱。     

DSA介导下采用射频热凝去神经支配术治疗腰椎小关节综合征的疗效观察

目的 观察在数字血管减影机（DSA）介导下采用射频热凝去神经支配术治疗腰椎小关节综合征的临床疗效及其可行性。方法 选取确诊为腰椎小关节综合征的患者80例，将其随机分为去神经支配组及对照组，每组40例。去神经支配组患者采用经皮射频热凝腰椎小关节去神经支配术治疗，对照组患者则向腰椎小关节腔及内侧支注射含倍他米松及利多卡因的混合液。2组患者分别于治疗前、治疗后30min、1d、1周、1个月及6个月时采用目测类比评分法（VAS）疼痛评分；并于治疗后1周、1个月及6个月时分别测定2组患者的Schober指数；同时对2组患者治疗结束半年时的疗效及副作用进行对比。结果 去神经支配组患者治疗后各时间点的VAS评分较治疗前均有明显下降（P〈0．01），对照组患者治疗后30min、1d、1周、1个月时的VAS评分较治疗前明显下降（P〈0．01），但6个月时的VAS评分又接近治疗前水平。去神经支配组治疗结束后1周和6周时的VAS评分显著低于对照组（P〈0．05或0．01）。治疗结束后1个月、6个月时去神经支配组的Schober指数显著大于对照组（P〈0．05和P〈0．01）；而且去神经支配组治疗后6个月时的优良率明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）。2组患者均无一例出现神经根损伤及背部局部皮肤感觉功能缺失等副反应。结论 在DSA介导下采用射频热凝去神经支配术治疗腰椎小关节综合征，具有安全、微创、有效、简便、长期疗效好、患者易于接受等优点，值得临床进一步推广、应用。     

腰椎侧弯患者关节突关节形态及其临床意义

目的：研究下腰痛患者关节突关节形态与腰椎侧弯的关系。方法：37例腰椎侧弯的下腰痛患者，通过X线摄片和CT轴向扫描，测量L3／4、LA／5、L5／S1关节突关节形态。26例正常者作为对照。结果：在腰椎侧弯患者中L4／5节段关节突关节不对称为72％，L5／S1节段为49％。结论：腰椎侧弯与关节突关节不对称有关，可能是侧方不稳、滑脱的原因。     

腰椎小关节病的CT检查和表现

目的 对腰椎小关节病ＣＴ表现作出归纳,提高对此病作为腰腿痛的重要病因的认识。方法连续２００例腰腿痛患,主要作了腰椎Ｌ４－５和Ｌ５－Ｓ１的小关节ＣＴ平扫,并运用骨窗和软组织窗对图像进行分析和测量。结果 有１３５例（占６７．５％）患表现为不同节段的腰椎小关节病,ＣＴ表现为：骨赘形成;小关节突增生肥大;关节间隙变窄;关节真空现象以及关节囊的钙化等。腰椎小关节病常伴有其它腰椎疾病。讨论 腰椎小关节病是     

The provocative lumbar facet joint

Low back pain is the most common pain symptom experienced by American adults and is the second most common reason for primary care physician visits. There are many structures in the lumbar spine that can serve as pain generators and often the etiology of low back pain is multifactorial. However, the facet joint has been increasingly recognized as an important cause of low back pain. Facet joint pain can be diagnosed with local anesthetic blocks of the medial branches or of the facet joints themselves. Subsequent radiofrequency lesioning of the medial branches can provide more long-term pain relief. Despite some of the pitfalls associated with facet joint blocks, they have been shown to be valid, safe, and reliable as a diagnostic tool. Medial branch denervation has shown some promise for the sustained control of lumbar facet joint-mediated pain, but at this time, there is insufficient evidence that it is a wholly efficacious treatment option. Developing a universal algorithm for evaluating facet joint-mediated pain and standard procedural techniques may facilitate the performance of larger outcome studies. This review article provides an overview of the anatomy, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of facet joint-mediated pain.     

The effect of nucleotomy on facet joint loading — a porcine in vitro study

Background

Lumbar facet joints have been cited as a possible origin of low-back pain. A relationship between disc height decrease and facet joint degeneration has been reported. Facet joint degeneration may also be triggered by nucleotomy, performed on prolapsed discs, which might change the natural load sharing between the anterior and posterior structures of the spine. In this study load bearing of the facet joints was compared between natural and nucleotomised spinal segments.

Methods

Nine porcine lumbar motion segments were tested quasi-statically in ± 1.5° extension–flexion under 700 N constant compression loading. The kinematics of the spinal segments were recorded as a response to the applied load. These kinematics were subsequently applied to the segments with the ligaments and disc sequentially removed and the reaction forces measured. This was performed in samples with and without nucleotomy. Comparison of the reaction forces allowed a direct comparison between healthy and pathological force transmission over the facet joints. Load sharing was related to the proportion of removed nucleus.

Findings

The proportion of applied compression force supported by the facets increased from a mean of 40.7% (standard deviation, SD 10.0%) to 82.0% (SD 7.2%) after nucleotomy averaged over the entire extension–flexion regime. No correlation was observed between facet loading and the proportion of the nucleus removed.

Interpretation

Increased facet loading after nucleotomy might cause greater cartilage wear, which may be related to facet joint degeneration. The independence of facet loading on the proportion of nucleus removed might be due to a complete pressure loss once the annulus is incised.     

Association between clinical signs assessed by manual segmental examination and findings of the lumbar facet joints on magnetic resonance scans in subjects with and without current low back pain: A prospective,single-blind study

The relevance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings such as facet joint (FJ) effusion and edema in low back pain (LBP) is still unknown. Therefore, we prospectively evaluated the presence of these MRI findings in the lumbar spine (Th12-S1) and their association with pain evoked by manual segmental FJ provocation tests (spinal percussion, springing, and segmental rotation tests) in 75 subjects with current LBP (?30 days in the past 3 months) compared with 75 sex- and age-matched control subjects. FJs were considered painful, if ?1 provocation test triggered LBP. FJs were classified as true positives, if the same FJ was painful and showed effusion and/or edema. FJs with effusion and/or edema and painful FJs were present significantly more frequently in subjects with LBP, but these conditions were also common in control subjects (27% vs 21% and 50% vs 12%, respectively). Effusion and/or edema were present in 65 subjects with LBP (87%) and in 56 control subjects (75%, not significant); painful FJs were present in 68 (91%) and 29 (39%) (P < 0.01) LBP and control subjects, respectively. True-positive findings occurred in 16% of LBP FJs and in 2% of control FJs (P < 0.01); 46 LBP subjects (61%) and 9 control subjects (12%, P < 0.01) had true-positive findings. Pain on provocation and FJ effusion and/or edema were significantly correlated only in patients with LBP. In conclusion, only true-positive findings (ie, concurrent effusion and/or edema and positive provocation test results in the same FJ) discriminate well enough between control subjects and subjects with current LBP, whereas neither effusion and/or edema nor FJ provocations tests alone are suitable to detect suspected FJ arthropathy.     

腰椎节段不稳的影响因素

目的：探讨腰椎节段不稳定的影响因素。方法选择57例L4～5节段不稳患者作为疾病组，22例L4～5节段手术患者作为术后对照组，19例健康检查者作为正常对照组。所有患者均拍摄正、侧位和过屈、过伸位X线片，CT扫描测量关节突形态，36例腰椎节段不稳患者行MRI检查，评价椎间盘退变情况。结果：前屈移位不稳患者关节突关节角方向偏向矢状，旋转不稳患者的椎间盘退变程度较轻，关节突全切患者存在前移不稳。结论：关节突矢状方向排列和椎间盘退变与前移不稳有关，可能是腰椎滑脱的原因，而韧带损害与旋转不稳有关。