64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像与冠状动脉造影对心肌桥诊断的比较研究

目的:研究心肌桥患者实施64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像与冠状动脉造影诊断的比较。方法:选择64例本院所收治的疑似冠状动脉心肌桥患者,2018年6月~2019年6月作为本研究的时间范围,全部患者均实施64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像与冠状动脉造影检查,总结患者2种检查结果,对比64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像与冠状动脉造影检查准确性。结果:疑似冠状动脉心肌桥患者确诊结果阳性53例,占比82.81%;阴性11例,占比17.19%。64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像检查阳性45例,占比70.31%;阴性19例,占比39.69%。冠状动脉造影检查阳性52例,占比81.25%;阴性12例,占比18.75%。疑似冠状动脉心肌桥冠状动脉造影检查诊断结果灵敏度(94.34%)、特异度(81.82%)、准确性(92.19%)均明显高于64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像检查(71.70%、36.36%、65.63%),两者差异明显(P<0.05)。结论:64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像与冠状动脉造影检查均能够对心肌桥情况进行有效诊断,但冠状动脉造影检查更为准确,其效果优于64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像检查。     

Low Fat Intake and Coronary Artery Disease in a Population with Higher Prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease: The Indian Paradox

Objective: To determine the association between saturated fat intake and prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and coronary risk factors.

Design and Setting: Total community cross sectional survey of 20 urban streets out of 196 streets, in the city of Moradabad in north India.

Subjects and Methods: Adult population between 25 to 64 years inclusive comprised of 1806 subjects (904 men, 902 women) were divided into three groups according to level of saturated fat intake as assessed by 7-day dietary intake records (very low <7%, low 7 to 10%, high >10% energy (en) per day).

Results: We examined the relationship between CAD risk and levels of % en from fat intake. Low (7 to 10% en/day) and high (>10% en/day) saturated fat were positively and significantly associated with higher prevalence of CAD. The prevalence of coronary risk factors (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, obesity and sedentary lifestyle) were significantly higher among subjects with low and high saturated fat intake compared to subjects with very low (<7%) saturated fat intake. Logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age showed that hypercholesterolemia (OR: men 0.89, women 0.68), hypertension (men 0.92, women 0.56), physical activity (men 0.80, women 0.36), obesity (men 0.82, women 0.88) and smoking (0.70 men) were significant risk factors of CAD. Low and high saturated fat intake were associated with more prestigious occupations, higher and middle income status and better educational levels compared to very low saturated fat intake.

Conclusions: The prevalence of CAD and coronary risk factors was higher in urban Indians with low and high saturated fat intake than those with lower saturated fat intake. These findings suggest that the saturated fat intake should be <7% en/day for prevention of CAD in Indians.     

Novel Assessment Tool For Coronary Artery Disease Severity During Screening Mammography

ABSTRACT

Breast arterial calcifications (BACs) are common findings on mammography which are associated with an increased risk of the coronary artery disease (CAD). Our aim in the current study was to design measurement instruments of CAD prediction, with or without BACs, and its discriminatory validity in the diagnosis of CAD (expressed by Syntax score) in women. This was observational, prospective study in the women cohort which underwent mammography and angiography. In this study we have demonstrated that the total ‘The Breast Arterial Calcification and Coronary Artery Disease Scale’ (BACCADS) was good additional diagnostic tool for detection of patients with severe CAD.     

A Depressed Nurse with Hypoglycemia

Abstract

The use of stress echocardiography has undergone considerable evolution in the past 3 decades. Although stress echocardiography was first introduced as a noninvasive diagnostic tool for determining the presence or absence of coronary artery disease (CAD), it later served a prognostic role as well. The importance of stress echocardiography in risk stratification and prognosis is substantially undervalued by clinicians. The identification of patients at risk for future cardiac events has become a primary objective in noninvasive evaluation of patients with suspected or known CAD. In particular, the ability of stress echocardiography to identify patients at low (< 1%), intermediate (1%–5%), or high (> 5%) risk for future cardiac events is essential to decision making in patient management. Moreover, previous studies have conclusively demonstrated the incremental prognostic value of stress echocardiography over clinical and treadmill exercise data in predicting future cardiac events. This article presents a primarily single-center experience of retrospective and observational studies that address the current role of stress echocardiography and summarize its use for risk stratification, prognosis, and determining clinical outcomes, as well as cost-effective integration of such information in patient management decision making.     

Major Dietary Patterns Relationship with Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Gaza-Strip,Palestine: A Cross-Sectional Study

BackgroundThe association of dietary patterns (DPs) linked to the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) is little known. Therefore, this study aims to explore the relationship between major DPs and the severity of CAD.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted among423 newly discovered CAD patients (both genders, aged 35–65 years), who underwent coronary angiography. The severity of CAD was assessed by the Gensini score. All patients were tested using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and other related data through face-to-face interviews. Factor analysis and logistic regression were applied by using SPSS version-24.ResultsBy principal component analysis, two major DPs were identified: “Unhealthy” DP that characterized mainly by high intakes of sugar and sweets, soft drinks, salts, cooking oils, and processed meats, and “Healthy” DP that consisting high intakes of fruits, fish, poultry, vegetables, whole grains. After adjustment for confounding variables, the odds of severe CAD was significantly higher in the third (T3) and second (T2) tertile of the unhealthy pattern by 4.79 and 2.48 times more compared to the first tertile (T1) (OR 4.79; 95%CI 2.60, 8.83; P<0.001) and (OR 2.48; 95%CI 1.40, 4.39; P=0.002), respectively. However, the odds of CAD severity in the T3 and T2 of the healthy pattern was lowered by 0.24 and 0.38 times less compared to the T1 (OR 0.24; 95%CI 0.12, 0.47; P=0.002) and (OR 0.38; 95%CI 0.20, 0.73; P=0.006), respectively.ConclusionThe severity of CAD was significantly increased by the unhealthy dietary pattern, while decreased by adherence to the healthy pattern.     

不同放射线检查方法诊断冠心病临床研究分析

目的:关于不同放射线检验方法对于冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(简称,冠心病)进行诊断的临床价值分析.方法:将本院在2018年3月~2019年3月收治的100例冠心病患者作为观察对象进行调查研究,对所有患者在进行确诊以前分别为患者应用常规冠状动脉造影方法和放射线检验方法进行检验,同时对两种不同检验方法检验的正确率和患者的满意率等情况进行比较.结果:对患者选择采用常规的冠状动脉造影诊断确诊患者76例,诊断准确率为76.00%,而选择采用放射线检验方法进行诊断患者正确诊断96例,诊断准确率为96.00%,后者的诊断准确率明显高于前者,P<0.05,存在统计学差异性;选择常规冠状动脉造影进行诊断患者的满意人数为75例,满意度为75.00%,而选择放射线检验方法进行诊断的患者满意97例,满意度为97.00%,后者明显高于前者,P<0.05,存在统计学差异.结论:对冠心病患者在进行诊断的过程中,通过放射线检验方法进行诊断的价值要明显的高于常规冠状动脉造影的诊断方法.     

A Multimarker Approach for the Prediction of Coronary Artery Disease: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

ObjectivesCoronary artery disease (CAD), as the leading cause of death, poses a huge economic burden on health-care systems. We used a multi-marker approach to explore discriminative abilities of several lipid, inflammatory, and oxidative stress/antioxidative defense markers as CAD predictors. We assessed their cost-effectiveness compared with the Framingham risk score (FRS).MethodsUsing a decision model, we evaluated the costs, accuracy, and cost-effectiveness of each model. The FRS was used as the baseline model. Other models were formed with the consecutive addition of selected markers: apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), apolipoprotein B (apoB), apolipoprotein (a) [apo(a)] isoform, lipoprotein (a), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase (SOD), sulfhydryl, and superoxide anion (O₂^?). A best-case model was formed from a combination of diagnostic markers to yield the best patient stratification algorithm. All models were assessed by their predictive probabilities using receiver operating characteristic curves. To accomplish our goals, we recruited 188 CAD patients (verified by coronary angiography) and 197 asymptomatic CAD-free subjects for comparison. The analysis was performed from a third-party payer perspective.ResultsOnly two strategies had outstanding discriminative abilities: the best-case model (FRS, SOD, and O₂^?) and FRS plus SOD with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.924 and 0.906, respectively. The cost-effectiveness ratio varied between €593 per AUC for the baseline model to €2425 per AUC for FRS plus apo(a) isoform. Strategies involving oxidative stress/antioxidative defense markers were more cost-effective than strategies involving lipid or inflammatory markers. All results were robust.ConclusionOur results support the feasibility of a multimarker approach for CAD screening. The introduction of oxidative stress/antioxidative defense markers in the clinical laboratory would be convenient and cost-effective.     

The Triglyceride-Lowering Effects of a Modest Dose of Docosahexaenoic Acid Alone Versus in Combination with Low Dose Eicosapentaenoic Acid in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Elevated Triglycerides

Background: Hypertriglyceridemia is a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). The American Heart Association recommends 1000 mg of omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), daily for cardioprotection and higher doses for triglyceride-lowering in patients with CAD.

Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind study comparing DHA to DHA + EPA in patients with CAD and triglycerides greater than 200 mg/dL. Subjects were randomized to either 1000 mg of DHA or 1252 mg of DHA + EPA for eight weeks. Baseline and eight-week laboratories were drawn to assess changes in the fasting lipid profile. The primary objective was to evaluate the change in triglycerides between the two groups at eight weeks.

Results: A total of 116 subjects were enrolled; 57 in the DHA group and 59 in the DHA + EPA group. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. The mean age was 69.4 ± 9.1 years and 70.7% were male. Triglycerides decreased by an average of 21.8% in the DHA group (p < 0.001) and 18.3% in the DHA + EPA group (p < 0.001). The difference between groups was not significant. A greater proportion of subjects in the DHA group achieved triglyceride goal (less than 150 mg/dL) compared to the DHA + EPA group (24.6% versus 10.2%, p < 0.05).

Conclusions: Our results indicate that the American Heart Association recommended cardioprotective dose of omega-3 fatty acids can also significantly lower triglycerides in patients with CAD. There do not appear to be significant differences in triglyceride-lowering between DHA only and DHA + EPA combination products when dosing is based on DHA.     

Point-of-Care Saliva Osmolarity Testing for the Screening of Hydration in Older Adults With Hypertension

ObjectivesOlder adults have an elevated risk of dehydration, a state with proven detrimental cognitive and physical effects. Furthermore, the use of diuretics by hypertensive patients further compounds this risk. This prospective study investigated the diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care (POC) salivary osmolarity (SOSM) measurement for the detection of dehydration in hypertensive adults with and without diuretic pharmacotherapy.DesignProspective diagnostic accuracy study.SettingHome visits to patients recruited from 4 community health centers in West Sulawesi, Indonesia.ParticipantsA total of 148 hypertensive older adults (57 men, 91 women). The mean ages of male and female patients were 69.4 ± 11.4 and 68.1 ± 7.8 years, respectively.MethodsHypertensive adults were divided into 2 groups based on the presence of diuretics in their pharmacotherapeutic regimen. First-morning mid-stream urine samples were used to perform urine specific gravity (USG) testing. Same-day SOSM measurements were obtained using a POC saliva testing system.ResultsBoth USG (P = .0002) and SOSM (P < .0001) were significantly elevated in hypertensive patients with diuretic pharmacotherapy. At a USG threshold of ≥1.030, 86% of diuretic users were classified as dehydrated compared with 55% of non-using participants. A strong correlation was observed between USG and SOSM measurements (r = 0.78, P < .0001). Using a USG threshold of ≥1.030 as a hydration classifier, an SOSM threshold of ≥93 mOsm had a sensitivity of 78.6% and a specificity of 91.1% for detecting dehydration.Conclusions and ImplicationsHypertensive patients on diuretics have significantly higher first-morning USG and SOSM values, indicating a higher likelihood of dehydration relative to those on other classes of antihypertensive medication. POC SOSM assessment correlates strongly with first-morning USG assessment, and represents a rapid and noninvasive alternative to urinary hydration assessment that may be applicable for routine use in populations with elevated risk of dehydration.     

16排CT冠状动脉成像技术的体会

目的探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）快速心脏扫描,对冠状动脉病变的诊断价值。方法选用合理的设备参数设置,通过对30例患者进行了16排CT心脏快速扫描,利用图像后处理技术,对冠状动脉进行三维立体重建,对冠状动脉进行三维观察,以显示出冠状动脉病变的部位等情况。结果30例患者中,有26例（86.67%）冠状动脉内径≥2mm的部分显影良好,能满足临床影像诊断需要,共显示病变部位45处;4例（13.33%）的部分血管影欠佳或未显影。9例另行DSA检查,其诊断结果与CTA冠状动脉成像基本一致。结论CTA冠状动脉成像有较高的临床应用价值,高质量的CTA冠脉成像可以明确冠状动脉病变的诊断。     

Anxiety and sense of coherence in Roma and non-Roma coronary heart disease patients

Objective. Morbidity and mortality among Roma due to coronary heart disease (CHD) is high, but evidence on potential psychosocial pathways is lacking. This study aimed to assess the differences in the severity of anxiety symptoms and in the sense of coherence (SOC) between Roma and non-Roma CHD patients, crude and adjusted for age, sex, functional status and socio-economic status (SES).

Design. We examined 607 CHD patients (mean age 58.0 ± 7.4, 28.7% female) scheduled for coronary angiography, 98 (16.1%) of whom were Roma. Anxiety symptoms were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and SOC using the 13-item Orientation to Life Questionnaire. Data were analysed using hierarchical regression.

Results. Roma ethnicity was associated with more severe anxiety (B = 1.89; [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.79; 2.98]) adjusted for age, sex, functional status and SES. Roma ethnicity was also associated with lower SOC (B = ?4.77; [95% CI = ?7.85; ?1.68]) adjusted for age, sex and functional status. The latter association lost statistical significance after adjustment for SES.

Conclusion. Roma ethnicity is associated with more anxiety symptoms and lower SOC among CHD patients. Our findings indicate that Roma CHD patients have a worse position regarding psychosocial factors that increase mortality and thus require additional attention.     

64排冠脉CT和冠脉造影对冠心病诊断的对比研究

目的 以冠状动脉造影(CAG)为参照,评价64排冠脉CT (CTCA),即64排多层螺旋CT (MSCT)在冠心病诊断中的价值.方法 选取本院临床46例疑似冠心病的患者分别进行CAG和MSCT检查,以CAG为参照标准,对MSCT诊断价值进行分析.结果 46例患者中CAG发现狭窄92支,其中轻度狭窄6支,中度狭窄38支,重度狭窄34支,闭塞病变14支;MSCT发现狭窄116支,其中轻度狭窄52支,中度狭窄24支,重度狭窄38支,闭塞病变2支.MSCT诊断冠脉狭窄病变的敏感度,特异度,阴性预测值,阳性预测值及准确度分别为82.8％,82.5％,88.7％,74.2％,82.6％,与冠脉造影结果相比较,无明显统计学差异.MSCT检出软斑块32处、混合斑块42处、钙化斑块30处.结论 MSCT诊断冠心病有较高的敏感度和特异度,特别是阴性预测值较高,可作为冠心病高危人群的一种无创筛查手段:同时可以准确显示各种粥样斑块的病理性质,并对斑块的稳定性做出判断,评估急性冠脉事件的发生,具有较高的临床应用价值.     

多排螺旋CT在冠状动脉成像技术中的现状与进展

多层螺旋CT（mulit slice spiral CT,MSCT）技术的进步为无创性冠状动脉造影提供了广阔的前景,临床应用备受关注。特别是64层CT的出现,空间分辨率、时间分辨率大大提高,心电门控技术及三维后处理技术拓宽了CT在冠状动脉成像中的应用范围。本文阐述了CT在冠状动脉成像技术及影响因素,并对其现状及进展情况作综述。     

Utilidad diagnóstica del cuestionario STOP-Bang en la apnea del sueño moderada en atención primaria

ObjectiveWe aimed to compare the diagnostic utility of the STOP-Bang questionnaire for moderate apnoea against the gold standard (type I polysomnography) in a primary care setting.MethodStudy of diagnostic utility in primary care. Estimated sample: 85 cases and 85 healthy controls. In convenience sampling, 203 patients were recruited by their physicians at six health centres. Twenty-five were excluded, and 57 women and 121 men, of whom 74 had apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) ≥15, were analyzed. STOP-Bang was validated by comparing scores in the same patient with the apnoea-hypopnoea index observed in polysomnography, as a gold standard. Sample size, ROC curve analysis and optimal cut-off points were identified with the easyROC, pROC, and OptimalCutpoints packages.ResultsThe area under the curve in moderate apnoea (AHI ≥15) of the STOP-Bang was 0.777 (0.667-0.808), with optimal cut-off points different by sex (4 in women and 6 in men). In the cross-validation with k = 10, the area under the curve for the STOP-Bang was 0.678.ConclusionsThe STOP-Bang presents a diagnostic moderate utility for AHI≥15, but superior to other scales, in a community population. Its performance is more appropriate in women.     

细胞色素氧化酶基因CYP1A1多态性与新疆维吾尔族人群冠心病相关性研究

目的 探讨新疆地区维吾尔(维)族人群细胞色素氧化酶基因CYP1A1多态性与冠心病的关联性。方法 使用实时PCR对293例冠心病患者(病例组)和408名健康体检者(对照组)CYP1A1基因单核苷酸多态性(SNPs:rs4886605, rs12441817, rs4646422, rs1048943)进行基因型鉴定。结果 维族人群病例组和对照组rs4886605的基因型及等位基因分布的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。病例组rs4886605显性模型(CC vs. CT+TT)基因型频率明显低于对照组。调整混杂因素后logistic回归分析表明, 维族人群rs4886605的CC基因型者患冠心病风险明显低于CT+TT基因型者(总体:OR=0.368, 95%CI:0.185～0.530, P=0.018;男性:OR=0.350, 95%CI:0.235～0.568, P=0.015)。病例组和对照组rs12441817的基因型及等位基因分布差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。病例组的rs12441817显性模型(TT vs. CT+CC)基因型频率明显低于对照组。调整混杂因素后logistic回归分析表明, 维族人群rs12441817的TT基因型者患冠心病风险明显低于CT+CC基因型者(总体:OR=0.253, 95%CI:0.231～0.546, P=0.016;男性:OR=0.241, 95%CI:0.132～0.478, P=0.002)。结论 新疆维族人群CYP1A1基因多态性rs4886605、rs12441817的2个位点与发生冠心病相关。rs4886605的CC基因型、rs12441817的TT基因型可能是该人群发生冠心病的保护因素。     

运动平板试验与动态心电图诊断冠心病的临床价值

目的 通过与冠脉造影（CAG）结果对比,探讨运动平板试验（TET）与动态心电图（DCG）对冠心痛（CAD）的诊断价值.方法 以CAG为诊断CAD（冠脉狭窄≥50％）的“金标准”,对同期先后行TET和DCG检查的200例疑似CAD进行回顾性分析,将其TET和DCG的结果分别与CAG进行比较,比较两种检查方法诊断CAD的敏感性和特异性.结果 TET检出CAD的敏感性为81.4％,特异性为61.2％,DCG检出CAD的敏感性为58.8％,特异性为36.7％,两种检查方法诊断CAD的敏感性和特异性比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 TET和DCG检查均可有效诊断CAD,且TET更有优势,临床诊断中可根据患者的具体情况,选择合适的诊断方法.     

腺苷负荷心肌组织应变率显像对冠心病诊断的研究

目的探讨心肌组织应变率显像技术(SRI)结合腺苷负荷超声心动图试验(ASE)对冠心病(CAD)的诊断价值。方法随机抽取临床拟诊冠心病患者45例,持续匀速静脉注射腺苷140μg/(kg·min)共6min,分别于试验即时、给药3min、6min、及终止给药后5min(即试验11min)时,完成左室壁16节段的彩色组织多普勒显像,储存图像,应用QLAB软件中SQ技术分析各节段的收缩期最大速度、收缩期最大应变、收缩期最大应变率变化规律,并与冠状动脉造影结果进行比较。结果应用腺苷3min、6min时,以冠状动脉狭窄部位相对应的节段的收缩期最大速度、收缩期最大应变、收缩期最大应变率均降低作为诊断冠心病的阳性标准。该方法诊断冠心病的敏感性为77.27%,特异性为89.47%,无明显不良反应。结论心肌组织应变率显像技术(SRI)结合腺苷负荷超声心动图试验(ASE)诊断冠心病的方法是可行的。     

分析西门子64排螺旋CT对冠状动脉狭窄病变的诊断价值

目的：研究西门子64排螺旋CT(Siemens 64 row screw CT,S64CT)对冠状动脉狭窄病变的诊断价值。方法：选取2019年2月～2020年3月本院收治的106例冠状动脉狭窄病变患者,先对所有患者进行施行S64CT检测,再施行传统冠状动脉造影（coronary arteriography,CAG）检测,比较两种方式检测的准确率及精密度。结果：106例冠状动脉狭窄病变患者中,S64CT检查吻合率为91.50%;CAG检查吻合率为87.74%,S64CT检测吻合率高于CAG检测,但是结果差异不大,不具有统计学意义（P>0.05）。S64CT检测的敏感度、阳性率均高于CAG检测,两组数据结果差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05)。结论：S64CT对冠状动脉狭窄患者的临床诊断水平更强,而且具有准确率更高、定位更加准确、创伤微小等优势,诊断价值更高更为理想。     

320排螺旋CT冠状动脉造影对冠心病的筛选诊断

目的：探讨320排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像与冠状动脉血管造影对冠心病的诊断价值。方法：对100例冠心病患者进行CT冠状动脉造影检查后,其中25例患者亦进行了介入冠状动脉造影检查,比较2组检查结果间的差异。结果：以冠状动脉造影结果为金标准,320排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像诊断冠状动脉狭窄敏感度高,与冠状动脉造影检查的结果基本一致。CT冠状动脉造影能清晰地显示冠状动脉的左右主支及分支的全貌图像,能直观地观察到冠状动脉血管壁有无狭窄、钙化等情况。结论：320排螺旋CT冠状动脉造影对血管的狭窄、钙化病变及支架管腔显示准确率较高,且操作相对简单,时间短、无创、费用低,可作为常规冠心病的筛查体检和冠状动脉支架术后复查的检查方法。     

双源CT冠状动脉成像评估PCI术后疗效的可行性研究及临床价值

目的：探讨双源CT（DSCT）冠状动脉成像对冠心病经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术后疗效评估的可行性及临床价值.方法：选取PCI术后行DSCT冠状动脉成像及选择性冠状动脉造影（CAG）检查的50例患者,分析比较DSCT诊断支架内再狭窄的敏感性、特异性及准确性.结果：①DSCT能清楚显示全部支架,95％支架图像达到良好以上;②DSCT对支架内再狭窄诊断的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值以及准确率分别为92.3％、94.45％、89.5％、94.2％及77.95％,与SCAG结果比较无显著差异;③DSCT对直径≥3.0mm支架的再狭窄检出阳性预测值、特异性及敏感性均优于直径＜3.0mm支架.结论：DSCT冠状动脉成像是评价PCI术后较好的影像检查方法,可为临床提供更多的信息.