CYP1B1、NQO1基因多态性与肺癌易感性关系的研究

目的研究内蒙古地区蒙古族与汉族人群的CYP1B1和NQO1基因多态性及吸烟状况与肺癌易感性的关系。方法采用PCR-RFLP技术对CYP1B1基因L432V位点和NQO1基因C609T位点多态性进行检测。结果 (1)CYP1B1基因L432V位点基因型分布频率在蒙古族和汉族健康人群中差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.220,P> 0.05);NQO1基因C609T位点基因型分布频率在蒙古族和汉族健康人群中差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.221,P> 0.05)。(2)在蒙古族和汉族人群中,NQO1 C/T和T/T基因型有明显增加患肺癌风险性的作用(汉族人群OR:1.461,2.278,P <0.05;蒙古族人群OR:1.493,2.040,P <0.05),而CYP1B1 C/G和G/G基因型无明显增加患肺癌风险性的作用(汉族人群OR:1.271,1.614,P> 0.05;蒙古族人群OR:0.970,1.758,P> 0.05)。(3)在汉族人群中,携带CYP1B1 C/G+G/G基因型的吸烟者患肺癌的危险性高于携带C/C的非吸烟者(OR:2.152,P <0.05);携带NQO1 C/C、C/T+T/T基因型的吸烟者患肺癌的危险性高于携带C/C的非吸烟者(OR:2.172,2.613,P <0.05)。在蒙古族人群中,携带CYP1B1 C/C、C/G+G/G基因型的吸烟者患肺癌的危险性高于携带C/C的非吸烟者(OR:1.409,1.765,P <0.05);携带NQO1 C/C、C/T+T/T基因型的吸烟者患肺癌的危险性高于携带C/C的非吸烟者(OR:2.479,2.729,P <0.05)。结论 (1)CYP1B1基因L432V位点基因型以及NQO1基因C609T位点基因型在内蒙古地区蒙古族和汉族健康人群中的分布不具有种族差异。(2)NQO1 C/T和T/T基因型显著增加内蒙古地区蒙古族和汉族患肺癌的易感性。(3)在蒙古族和汉族人群中,CYP1B1 C/G+G/G基因型以及NQO1 C/T+T/T基因型显著增加吸烟者患肺癌的易感性。     

GSTM1基因多态性与满族人群肺癌易感性关系

目的 研究内蒙古地区GSTM1基因多态性与满族人群肺癌易感性关系.方法 采用多重PCR分析技术对内蒙古地区214例正常满族人及128例满族肺癌患者进行GSTM1基因多态性检测,并联合吸烟状况,分析GSTM1基因多态性及吸烟与肺癌之间的相互关系.结果 ①与GSTM1(+)基因型相比,携带GSTM1(-)基因型的个体患肺癌的危险度升高2.264倍;②吸烟人群较不吸烟人群患肺癌的危险度升高2.143倍;③与携带GSTM1(+)的非吸烟者相比,携带GSTM1(-)吸烟者患肺癌的危险度升高,OR值为5.504(95％ CI=2.837～10.676),且结果具有统计学意义(P＜0.001);携带GSTM1(-)的非吸烟者与携带GSTM1(+)的吸烟者患肺癌的危险度均升高,OR值分别为1.546 (95％ CI=0.771～3.100)和1.154(95％ CI=0.572～2.327),但结果没有显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论 GSTM1(-)、吸烟为内蒙古地区满族人群肺癌的易感因素.     

DNA修复基因XPD单核苷酸多态性与肺癌遗传易感性

目的探讨XPD基因单核苷酸多态性与肺癌遗传易感性的关系。方法以聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法分析肺癌患者(n=114)和按性别、年龄频数配比的对照者(n=114)XPD基因Asp312Asn和Lys751Gln位点的多态性,比较不同基因型与肺癌风险的关系,并探讨吸烟在其中的影响。结果与携带XPD312Asp/Asp基因型者比较,携带至少1个312Asn等位基因的个体罹患肺癌的风险增加1.55倍(95%CI1.02～2.39)。而与携带XPD751Lys/Lys基因型者比较,携带至少1个751Gln等位基因的个体罹患肺癌的风险并没有显著增加(校正OR=0.96;95%CI0.53～1.72)。交互作用分析显示,携带至少1个312Asn等位基因并吸烟者肺癌风险增加5.14倍(95%CI1.82～9.16),其中重度吸烟者肺癌风险增加高达7.32倍(95%CI2.17～21.18)。结论DNA修复基因XPD Asp312Asn多态性可能与山东地区汉族人群肺癌遗传易感性有关,并可显著增加吸烟对肺癌的危险性。     

髓过氧化物酶基因G-463A多态性与脑梗死易感性的研究

目的 探讨髓过氧化物酶(MPO)基因G-463A位点多态性与颈动脉斑块患者易发脑梗死的相关性.方法 用二维超声测量97例颈动脉斑块患者和68名健康者内-中膜厚度(IMT)及颈动脉斑块指数(PI),限制性片段长度多态性-聚合酶链反应(RFLP-PCR)技术检测MPO基因G-463A多态性.结果 MPO-463位点G/A多态性有3种基因型(GG,GA,AA),2组间基因型分布和等位基因频率分布差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).具有GG基因型者发生脑梗死的危险性较具有AA基因型者显著增高[x2=6.925,P=0.008,相对危险度(OR)=4.030,95％可信区间(CI):1.465～11.236];杂合子GA发生脑梗死的危险性较纯合子AA仍有升高趋势(x2=3.43,P=0.006,OR=2.748,95％CI:0.952～7.800);将GA和GG基因型合并计算,发现携带至少1个等位基因G者其患脑梗死的风险仍显著增高(x2=6.20,P=0.013,OR=3.488,95％CI:1.302～9.468).结论 MPO基因G-463A位点多态性与颈动脉斑块程度关系明显.MPO基因G-463A位点多态性与颈动脉斑块患者易发脑梗死的关系明显.     

hOGG1基因多态性与川北地区肺癌易感性关系的研究

目的探讨四川北部地区汉族人群8-羟基鸟嘌呤糖苷酶(hOGG1)基因Ser326Cys位点多态性状况及其与该地区肺癌易感性的关系,并与其他地区人群进行比较。方法采用病例对照研究方法和聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性(polymerise chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism,PCR-RFLP)方法检测四川北部地区肺癌患者125例和非肿瘤患者125例(对照组)hOGG1基因第326位点Ser/Cys基因型分布,并比较不同基因型与肺癌发病危险的关系。结果病例组的Ser/Ser、Ser/Cys、Cys/Cys基因型频率分别为15.2%、27.2%、57.6%,而对照组分别为32.0%、42.4%、25.6%。χ2检验显示两组基因型分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与携带Ser/Ser基因型相比,携带Ser/Cys基因型者患肺癌风险增加(OR=1.351,95%CI=0.674～2.707,P=0.397),而携带Cys/Cys基因型者肺癌风险增加3倍(OR=4.737,95%CI=2.384～9.413,P=0.000)。结论 hOGG1基因Ser326Cys多态性可能与四川北部肺癌易感性有关,携带Cys/Cys基因型肺癌风险明显增加。     

髓过氧化物酶基因-463 G>A多态性与早发冠心病的相关性

目的 探讨髓过氧化物酶(MPO)基因-463 G＞A多态性与早发冠心病(CHD)的相关性.方法 早发CHD 134例,对照145例,采用LDR-PCR测序分型技术分析两组患者MPO基因启动子区第-463位核苷酸多态基因型分布,及其与早发CHD的关系.结果 病例组A/A基因型及A等位基因频率低于对照组,病例组G/G基因型及G等位基因频率高于对照组.杂合子G/A在两组患者中差异无统计学意义.等位基因A对早发CHD易感性的保护作用有统计学意义(P＜0.01).携带至少一个等位基因A的患者早发CHD的发病风险降低达50%(OR=0.50,95%CI:0.27～0.93),A/A基因型的患者早发CHD的发病风险降低达89%(OR=0.11,95%CI:0.03～0.40).结论 MPO-463 G＞A基因多态性与早发冠心病的发病风险相关,MPO-463 A等位基因携带者患早发冠心病的风险明显降低.     

脂联素基因单核甘酸多态性与汉族人群肥胖易感性的关系

目的 探讨脂联素基因两个单核片酸位点多态性与汉族人群肥胖易感性的关系.方法 选取肥胖组483例,对照组517例为研究对象,用RT-PCR联合TaqMan-MGB探针检测基因型.结果 携带脂联素基因rs2241767 AG和AG/GG基因型者较AA基因型者发生肥胖的风险增加,尤其在男性、＜50岁、高血脂或不吸烟/戒烟群体中,AG/GG基因型者发生肥胖的风险增加.女性携带该基因rs12495941位点GT/TT型较GG型者发生肥胖的风险增加.结论 脂联素基因两位点(rs2241767、rs12495941)多态性改变可能与汉族人群肥胖有关.     

肺癌患者与非肺癌人群CYP1A1基因MspⅠ位点多态性

目的:研究肺癌患者和正常人群CYP1A1基因MspⅠ位点的多态性。方法:应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态技术对47例肺癌患者和94例非肺癌的基因型进行分析。结果:肺癌患者和非肺癌的CYP1A1基因A型(野生型)、B型(杂合型)和C型(突变型)在病例组的携带率分别为51.1%、40.4%和8.5%,对照组则分别为45.7%、39.4%和14.9%。经统计学检验,两组间差异无显著性(P>0.05),携带杂合型及纯合突变基因型(w/m,m/m)的个体患肺癌的危险性与CYP1A1基因MspⅠ多态性无相关性(OR=0.49,95%CI=0.15～1.56,P>0.05)。结论:CYP1A1基因MspⅠ多态性与肺癌发生无明显相关性。     

新疆汉族健康人群维生素K环氧化物还原酶亚单位1启动子区1639A/G基因多态性研究

目的了解VKORC1-1639A/G基因多态性在新疆汉族健康人群中的分布及其与其他不同民族之间的差异。方法采用PCR-RFLP技术对205名乌鲁木齐地区汉族体检健康人群VKORC1-1639A/G基因多态性进行检测,计算其基因型和等位基因频率,并与国外多个民族VKORC1-1639A/G基因多态性分布进行比较。结果新疆汉族健康人群中共检测到2种等位基因:A和G。等位基因频率分别为87%和13%。新疆汉族健康人群VKORC1-1639A/G基因多态性共检测到3种基因型,以AA基因型常见,基因型频率74%。其次是AG基因型,基因型频率分别为26%。GG基因型的个体仅检测到1例,基因型频率小于1。结论新疆汉族VKORC1-1639A/G基因多态性以A等位基因和AA基因型常见,新疆汉族VKORC1-1639A/G基因多态性与欧美人群相比存在较大差异。     

CYP2C19基因多态性与肝癌易感性关系的研究

目的 研究内蒙古地区汉族人群CYP2C19基因多态性与肝癌易感性的关系.方法 采用等位基因特异性扩增(ASA)技术对内蒙古地区254例汉族健康人和68例汉族肝癌患者进行CYP2C19基因型分布频率的研究,分析CYP2C19基因多态性与肝癌易感性的关系.结果 CYP2C19ml 3种多态基因型在内蒙古地区汉族人群肝癌组与对照组的分布频率分别为:wt/wt 50％、wt/ml 33.8％、ml/ml 16.2％和wt/wt 40.6％、wt/ml 50.3％、ml/ml9.1％.结果 显示携带CYP2C19ml突变杂合型(wt/ml)的个体患肝癌的风险度比野生型纯合子(wt/wt)升高1.8倍,经统计学检验差异有显著性(P＜0.05).CYP2C19m2基因型在内蒙古地区汉族人群肝癌组与对照组的分布频率分别为wt/wt 85.3％、wt/m2 14.7％和wt/wt 91.3％、wt/m2 8.7％,两者之间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).对照组中CYP2C19快代谢者占87％,慢代谢者占13％;肝癌组中快代谢者占72.1％,慢代谢者占27.9％,经统计学检验差异有显著性(P＜0.05).慢代谢型患肝癌的危险是快代谢型的2.6倍.结论 携带突变杂合型CYP2C19ml基因型者肝癌的易感性增加,CYP2C19慢代谢型与肝癌的风险有关.     

Degraded and undegraded carrageenans and experimental gastric and duodenal ulceration

The prevention of histamine-induced gastric and duodenal ulceration in the guinea-pig has been examined using a series of undegraded and degraded carrageenans. Undegraded carrageenans were active at lower doses than degraded carrageenans. The high viscosity of the undegraded carrageenans in solution prevented their use in larger doses. Degradation of carrageenan without serious loss of sulphate, gives a product which allows the dose to be increased to an extent that its effect more than offsets the slight loss in activity caused by the degradation. No single feature of carrageenan structure can be related to anti-ulcer activity although degradation, and hence reduction of molecular size, generally reduces activity. Sulphate contents over 30% have little apparent effect on activity; κ-carrageenans were not consistently different in anti-ulcer activity from Λ-carrageenans. This contrasts with the antipeptic activity of carrageenans where κ-carrageenans are less active than their Λ-counter-parts. As with antipeptic activity, the degree of anti-ulcer activity is probably determined by a combination of structural features which includes molecular size and polyanionic properties.     

Affective and Anxiety Disorders and Alcohol and Drug Dependence:

Depression and anxiety frequently coexist in patients with substance use disorders. This clinically-oriented article examiens the relationship between these conditions and emphasizes data showing that substances of abuse can cause signs and symptoms of both depression and anxiety. These substance-related syndromes appear to have a different course and prognosis than uncomplicated, independent anxiety and major depressive disorders, and clinicians should consider the role of alcohol and other drugs in all patients presenting with these complaints. The authors will also outline an approach for diagnosing and managing patients with the combination of a substance use and depressive or anxiety disorder.     

Alcohol and Substance Use and Abuse in Women and Children

No abstract available for this article.     

Glucosidase and fucosidase inhibitors and Advances in nucleosides and nucleotides.

The American Chemical Society Symposium "Glucosidase and fucosidase inhibitors" took place on 1 April 1998 and was organized by Professors Zbigniew J Witczak (UConn, School of Pharmacy, CT, USA), Kuniaki Tatsuta (Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan) and Waldemar Priebe, MD (Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, USA). Professor Witczak provided introductory remarks including the status of existing glucosidase inhibitors, and chaired the morning session, which consisted of six lectures. The symposium was well received, and was particularly attractive for those interested in networking, as attendance was about sixty. In addition, some participants and attendees presented posters on the subject during the regular poster session organized by the Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry.